Xylem展亭

Xylem（木质部）是Francis Kéré为Tippet Rise艺术中心设计的一座展亭，也是牧场草原游客安静的聚集庇护所。Xylem以树木重要的内部生命结构层命名，是一个游客们可以聚集在一起交流、欣赏Grove溪流沿岸白杨与棉白杨树林景色或者独坐思考的地方。

Xylem, the gathering pavilion for the Tippet Rise Art Center, has been designed by Francis Kéré as a quiet, protective shelter for the visitors of the ranch. Named to evoke the vital internal layers of a tree’s living structure, Xylem is a place where visitors may gather to converse, contemplate the views of the aspen and cottonwood trees near the bank of Grove Creek, or sit and meditate in solitude.

▼展亭外观，exterior of the pavilion  Image courtesy of Tippet Rise/Iwan Baan  Photo by Iwan Baan

在艺术中心主要设施和徒步旅行路线起点之间一片略微下沉的场地上，展亭矗立在白杨环绕的林间空地之中，朝向一条小溪流。在Tippet Rise艺术中心，游客们面对着广袤的自然美景。完全使用木材建造的展亭邀请游客们进入大自然最神秘的部分——树林的中心腹地。整个展亭使用可持续松木材料，这些木材是在避免当地树林遭受寄生虫侵害的修剪过程中剪下来的，建筑师保留了这些木材未经处理的原貌。

Located in a slightly sunken landform between the main facilities of the Art Center and the beginning of the hiking tracks, the pavilion rises in a clearing surrounded by aspen trees, facing a small creek. Entirely carved in wooden logs, the pavilion symbolically invites the visitor, who in the Tippet Rise Art Center is confronted with nature at its widest scale, to access the most secret part of nature, the heart of the trees. The sustainable pine wood used for the entire pavilion, locally sourced from a natural pruning process that saves forests from parasitic bugs, is employed in its raw appearance.

▼完全使用木材建造的展亭邀请游客们进入大自然最神秘的部分——树林的中心腹地，entirely carved in wooden logs, the pavilion symbolically invites the visitor to access the most secret part of nature, the heart of the trees  Image courtesy of Tippet Rise/Iwan Baan  Photo by Iwan Baan

7根钢柱的顶部，顶棚原木集束在六角形耐候钢模块结构的圆孔中。顶棚上部表面被塑造成弯曲的形状，形成一个与周围山丘融为一体的圆形形态。巨大而轻盈的屋顶受到了“toguna”的启发，toguna作为每一个Dogon村庄传统中最受推崇的空间，是一个木材和稻草构造的庇护所，在遮阳的同时又能保证下部阴凉空间拥有良好的通风。

The logs of the canopy are assembled in circular bundles bore by a modular hexagonal structure in weathering steel, lying on top of seven steel columns. The upper surface of the canopy is carved sinuously in order to create a rounded topography that blends in the surrounding hills. At the same time massive and light, the roof is inspired by the “toguna”, the traditional most sacred space in every Dogon village, a wooden and straw shelter designed in order to protect from the sun but at the same time to allow the ventilation of the shaded space underneath.

▼顶棚上部表面被塑造成弯曲的形状，形成一个与周围山丘融为一体的圆形形态，the upper surface of the canopy is carved sinuously in order to create a rounded topography that blends in the surrounding hills   Image courtesy of Tippet Rise/Iwan Baan  Photo by Iwan Baan

▼7根钢柱的顶部，顶棚原木集束在六角形耐候钢模块结构的圆孔中，the logs of the canopy are assembled in circular bundles bore by a modular hexagonal structure in weathering steel, lying on top of seven steel columns  Image courtesy of Tippet Rise/Iwan Baan  Photo by Iwan Baan

▼顶棚细节，detail of the canopy  Image courtesy of Tippet Rise/Iwan Baan  Photo by Iwan Baan

展亭中，光束穿过垂直的原木形成独特的光影游戏，柔和地照射着下部有机形态的木质座椅和圆形抛光混凝土平台。座位元素的空间复杂性通过策略性的布置，凸显周边景观迷人的景色，鼓励游客根据自己的意愿就坐在不同的位置。通过探索，游客能够发现展亭不同的空间布局。在这里，游客可以一群人聚集在一起或与朋友交谈，与伴侣一同躺下来欣赏浪漫的景致或者独坐冥想。Xylem欢迎着游客和Tippet Rise艺术中心附近的整个社区，在Montana与Burkina Faso之间建立了独特的联系。它与Francis Kéré在Burkina Faso家乡村庄中的Naaba Belem Goumma中学同时建造，这所学校是Francis Kéré对其父亲的致敬之作，将面向Burkinabè草原整个区域的孩子开放。

In the pavilion, sunbeams penetrate between the vertical logs, creating a play of light and shadow that softly hits the underlying organically shaped seating, equally carved in wood. and the polished concrete circular platform. The spatial complexity of the seating elements emphasizes the stunning views of the surrounding landscape through strategic positions and encourages different appropriations by the visitor, who is invited to inhabit them at his wish. Through exploration, the user can in fact discover the different spatial configurations of the pavilion, gather in small groups or have a chat between friends, lie and watch the romantic views with his partner, or sit and meditate in solitude on his visit of the Art Center. Xylem welcomes visitors and the whole community that revolves around the Tippet Rise Art Center to a unique linkage between Montana and Burkina Faso as it is built in parallel with the Naaba Belem Goumma Secondary School in Gando, Francis Kéré’s home village in Burkina Faso, dedicated to Francis Kéré’s father, which will be open to the children of the entire neighboring area in the Burkinabè savannah.

▼有机形态的木质座椅，organically shaped wooden seating  Image courtesy of Tippet Rise/Iwan Baan  Photo by Iwan Baan

▼场地平面图，site plan

▼平面图，plan

▼立面图，elevation

Project Credits Xylem / Tippet Rise Art Center / Fishtail / MT /USA Local Title: Xylem Location: Tippet Rise Art Center, Fishtail, Montana Type of project: commission, gathering pavilion Architect: Kéré Architecture, Diébédo Francis Kéré Design team: Vincenzo Salierno, Nina Tescari Contributors: Kinan Deeb, Andrea Zaia, Lina Wittfoht, N’Faly Ismaël Camara Client: Tippet Rise Art Center, Fishtail, Montana Project Management: Pete Hinmon, Tippet Rise Art Center, Fishtail, Montana Architect of Record: Laura Viklund, Fishtail, Montana Structural Engineer: AECOM, London, United Kingdom Structural Engineer of Record: DCI Engineers, Bozeman, Montana Civil Engineer: DOWL Engineering, Billings, Montana General Contractor: On Site Management, Bozeman, Montana Wood Fabricator: Chris Gunn, Gunnstock Timber Frames, Powell, Wyoming Steel Fabrication: TrueNorth Steel, Billings, Montana Steel Erection: Western States Steel Erection, Billings, Montana Concrete: Davis and Sons Construction, Absarokee Montana

Dates Design: December 2017 – ongoing Construction: November 2018 – June 2019 Opening: July 2019 Status: on going Total Footprint Area: 256 m2 Altitude: 1394 m a.s.l. Platform Area: 195 m2 Platform diameter: 15,80 m Roof Area: 256 m2 Roof diameter: 18,10 m Maximum roof height: 4,75 m