NorthPoint公寓庭院景观改造

“该项目为人们带来了在大尺度空间中享受私人时光的机会，感觉像是拥有了自己的后院。” -2017年评审委员会

“The design offers intimate moments for people to experience in a very big space. Makes you feel like you have your own backyard.” – 2017 Awards Jury

NorthPoint公寓1969年建于旧金山的北滩社区，其最具特色的部分是由劳伦斯·哈普林事务所设计的五个修建于停车场建筑之上的庭院。半个世纪之后，庭院景观由于防水性的失效需要进行更替，为此，设计团队成功地对该项目进行了改造和重塑，同时迎接了两项主要的挑战：以当代形式向哈普林的杰作致敬；在原有的平板结构的基础上重新分配公共和私人空间，以满足不断变化的需求。方案从水和石头等自然元素中提取出优美的细节，为精心排布的空间赋予了额外的生机与活力——这也是哈普林曾惯用的材料元素。五个庭院中包含四个室内庭院和一个与建筑毗邻的室外庭院，它们拥有与周围建筑相同的形式和配色，但在几何、植物搭配以及焦点元素等方面各有不同。

The NorthPoint Apartments, built in 1969 in San Francisco’s North Beach neighborhood, featured five courtyards designed by the office of Lawrence Halprin, located over podium parking. Half a century later, as the courtyard landscapes had to be replaced due to waterproofing failure, the design team successfully reinvented the project while meeting two aggressive challenges: honoring Halprin’s legacy in a contemporary fashion; and reapportioning common and private spaces to meet changed expectations, within the tight constraints imposed by the original flat-slab construction. The strategy is one of carefully proportioned spaces, animated by finely detailed abstractions of the natural elements of water and stone: an homage to Halprin in the materials he used with such insight. All five courtyards — four fully interior and one at the adjacent property line — share forms and colors that pick up on the language of the surrounding buildings, but are differentiated from one another in their geometry, palette of plant materials, and focal elements.

▲场地环境 – 鸟瞰图及平面图说明，site context – aerial overlay with illustrative plans

该项目重新设计了五个位于停车场基座之上的庭院，这也是对1969年修建于旧金山北滩社区的公寓综合体的一次主要的更新。既有的庭院景观由劳伦斯·哈普林事务所设计，其防水系统经过几十年已经失效，并威胁到了建筑的整体结构，因而需要进行拆除和更替。五个庭院中包含四个室内庭院和一个与建筑毗邻的室外庭院，它们为位于一层的公寓同时提供了公共空间和私人露台。两个主要庭院设置了游泳池；另外两个庭院有着独特的水景。

新景观的设计受到了既有平板结构的严格限制。尽管如此，设计师利用楼板中既有的凹陷构建了全新的区域，并借助广阔且密集的屋顶绿化策略，增加了土壤的广度和深度，从而打造出与哈普林的最初设计意图相符合的丰富花园环境。这一目标通过精心编排的起伏元素与定义公共和私人空间的目标形成关联，同时将必要的先进防水系统和基础设施纳入景观之中。

客户的要求与设计师的理念保持了一致：新的景观方案并不打算复制哈普林的原始设计，而是通过对水和石头的结合运用，来向哈普林这种善于组合的设计手法致以敬意。为了充分理解哈普林的设计初衷，设计师团队还邀请哈普林的项目管理人对新项目进行参观和评价，对此他的想法是：“在保持原始设计精神的同时，你们的团队还为之赋予了新的质感与肌理。”

五个庭院各具特色，同时又兼顾了统一的形式及色彩语汇。精致的细节继承并丰富了Wurster, Bernardi & Emmons的设计语言。由于既有的楼面不能深挖，设计师将植物景观和水景均进行了抬高，不仅为基础设施和增大的土壤体积提供了充足的空间，更能够起到拦截雨水、减缓径流的作用。项目的目标最终落实在空间上：利用雕塑化的水景、整体的钢制花槽以及树木来强调比例和谐的公共空间，从而使之与更为均质化的私人露台相互区分。

修改标志性的杰作永远是一项艰巨的挑战。自劳伦斯·哈普林事务所的Don Carter设计了最初的庭院以来，在过去的四十年中，材料、技术、功能、规范乃至客户的品味均发生了改变。设计团队凭借极高的敏感度将哈普林原始设计中最本质、最关键的元素（水景、石头、金属和花园等）提取出来，为庭院赋予了崭新的面貌。

设计团队利用先进的施工技术打造了一套全新的基础设施，在增加土壤的深度的同时促进了排水。定制的混合基底层（土壤）使新种的植物能够茁壮成长，而由天气控制的地下滴灌系统则可以储存水分。新的项目在致敬哈普林作品的同时将最新的设计与技术相结合，尽管原有的平板结构对之构成了挑战，设计团队依然将庭院成功地带入到符合当下规范和标准的语境当中。

▲从屋顶望向庭院A，旧金山的城市天际线成为背景，view of courtyard A from the roof with the San Francisco skyline backdrop

▲从屋顶望向庭院A，可以看到由混凝土板、考顿钢、混凝土花槽以及游泳池构成的几何状的路面肌理，view of courtyard A from the roof showing geometric paving pattern in concrete topping slab, corten steel and knife edge concrete planters, and pool area

▲庭院A拥有一处由mariposa石板构成的水景、考顿钢花槽以及刀刃状的混凝土围墙，view of courtyard A with mariposa slate water feature, corten steel planter, and knife edge concrete wall detail

▲从屋顶望向庭院A/B，可以看见抛光的玄武岩泻水台，以及混凝土和考顿钢材质的花槽，view of courtyard A/B from the roof with polished basalt clad water tables, concrete and corten metal planters

▲庭院A/B中的水景和抬升的花园，最初由哈普林事务所设计，view of original courtyard A/B water feature and raised planting mounds, designed by halprin’s studio, prior to demolition

▲从屋顶望向以旧金山天际线为背景的庭院B，view of courtyard B from the roof with San Francisco backdrop

▲庭院B的水景装配以模块化的ipe木板，其下方是可调节的支撑系统，view of courtyard B water feature with modular ipe decking over adjustable pedestal system and podocarpus gracilior specimen tree

▲庭院B水景的溢水口，基于哈普林事务所的原始作品而设计，courtyard B water feature spillway, based on original feature design by Lawrence Halprin’s studio

▲庭院B的原始水景和溢水口，由哈普林事务所设计，已拆除，courtyard B original water feature and spillway, designed by Lawrence Halprin’s studio, prior to demolition

▲由屋顶望向庭院C，view of courtyard C from the roof with San Francisco skyline backdrop

▲从入口处望向庭院C，可以看到混凝土路面在色彩和尺度上的变化（浇筑于多孔混凝土填充物），view of courtyard C from entrance, showing variation of color and scale in concrete topping slab (poured over aerated concrete fill)

▲庭院C的水景雕塑、混凝土座椅围墙以及欧洲山毛榉植物景观，view of courtyard C sculptural stone water feature, concrete seat walls, and fagus sylvatica ‘roseomarginata’

▲庭院D的玄武岩水景、混凝土围墙以及榔榆植物景观，view of courtyard D linear basalt water feature, knife edge concrete wall detail, and ulmus parvifolia

▲庭院B中水景旁的二乔玉兰恰逢晚冬花期，开放在裸露的枝头，view of courtyard B magnolia x soulangeana displaying typical late winter bloom on bare branches, with water feature in background

This project comprises the redesign of five courtyards over podium parking, as part of a major renovation of an apartment complex originally constructed in 1969 in San Francisco’s North Beach neighborhood. The original courtyard landscapes, designed by the office of Lawrence Halprin, had to be removed because of the failure of the decades-old waterproofing systems, which threatened the building structure as a whole. All five courtyards—four fully internal, the fifth at an adjacent property line—provide both common space and individual patios for first-floor apartments. Two of the principal courtyards have swimming pools; the other two have significant water features. The design of the new landscapes was severely constrained by the existing flat-slab construction. Nevertheless, by utilizing existing depressions in the slab, building up new areas, and applying both extensive and intensive green roof planting strategies, the scheme increased the breadth and depth of soil areas to create a rich garden setting in keeping with Halprin’s original design intent. The choreography of raised elements integrated that goal with the larger goal of defining common and private spaces, while at the same time accommodating necessary state-of-the-art waterproofing and infrastructure systems.

The original courtyard landscapes, designed by the office of Lawrence Halprin, had to be removed because of the failure of the decades-old waterproofing systems, which threatened the building structure as a whole. All five courtyards—four fully internal, the fifth at an adjacent property line—provide both common space and individual patios for first-floor apartments. Two of the principal courtyards have swimming pools; the other two have significant water features. At the client’s request, which corresponded with the designer’s philosophy, the new landscapes do not attempt to replicate the original designs by Halprin, but instead are conceived as an homage to him in the elements he combined with such insight: water and stone. As a part of the research undertaken to understand Halprin’s original intent, his project manager was invited to review the new scheme, of which he observed, “You have done a splendid job of maintaining the spirit of the original designs while updating them in both feeling and materials.” Each of the five courtyards has a distinct character, but they are united by a vocabulary of form, color, and refined detail that picks up on and enriches the language of the buildings designed by Wurster, Bernardi & Emmons. Constrained by the slab from going deeper, both planting and water elements are raised up, providing space for infrastructure and increased soil volume to intercept rainfall and slow runoff. Yet the goal is ultimately spatial: separating more equitably defined private patios from well-proportioned common spaces anchored by focal elements —a sculptural water feature, a massive, sculptural steel planter, a tree.

Modifying landscapes designed by iconic figures in the profession is always a challenge. Materials, technology, programs, codes and client tastes all have changed in the past 40+ years, since the original courtyards were designed by Don Carter of Lawrence Halprin’s office. The design team approached the project with sensitivity to the essential components of the original design, and wanted to reference key elements Halprin was known for (water features, stone, metal and plantings, etc.) with a fresh look for the courtyards.

Using the latest construction techniques, a new infrastructure was created, one which increased soil depth and promoted drainage. A custom substrate (soil) blend allowed new plant growth to flourish while a weather-controlled subsurface drip irrigation system conserves water.

The new project is an homage to Halprin’s work while incorporating an updated design with the latest technology. While the original flat-slab construction proved to be a challenge to work with, the design team brought the courtyards up to current code and accessbility standards.