全自动磨坊谷仓改造丨捷克丨Prokš Přikryl architekti

这座全自动化的磨坊是捷克国家级别的文化纪念碑，是建筑师 Josef Gočár 早期设计的第一批建筑之一。它坐落于 Pardubice 市中心的 Chrudimka 河河畔，由 Winternitz 兄弟于 1909 年建造。1924 年，建筑群进行了扩建，增加了一座谷仓，谷仓的改造项目由 Prokš Přikryl 建筑事务所设计。这座全自动化磨坊持续运营了将近 100 年，直至 2013 年。2016 年起，在全自动磨坊基金会的推动下，亟待重新开发的磨坊这一片城市用地开始转型为文化和都市城区。

The Automatic Mills,a national cultural monument,is one of the first buildings designed by the architect Josef Gočár.Standing on the banks of the Chrudimka River in the centre of Pardubice,the monumental mill building was created in 1909 for the Winternitz brothers.In 1924,the complex was extended to include a grain silo,the conversion of which we designed.The automatic mills operated continuously for more than 100 years until 2013.Since 2016,the mill brownfield has been undergoing transformation into a cultural and social urban district,thanks to the initiative of the Automatic Mills Foundation.

▼项目概览, project overview©Petr Polák

▼建筑立面, building facade©Petr Polák

▼建筑街景, street view©Petr Polák

这片地块包括几栋建筑和一些机构（地区性的 Gočár 美术馆、城市 Gampa 美术馆、学校 Sphere 中心工作室、信息中心和筒仓），通过砖砌的铺地相连接，建筑之间存在独特的张力。每一位建筑师都以不同的方式设计自己的建筑。所有建筑都相互促进，因此而形成城市的活力组成部分。杰出的建筑师 Zdeněk Balík，Jan Šépka，Petr Všetečka 和投资人 Lukáš Smetana 一同致力于该地块的建成。

▼历史照片, historic photos©Prokš Přikryl architekti

This site is composed of several buildings and institutions (the regional Gočár Gallery, the city’s “Gampa” Gallery, the “Sphere” central workshops for schools, the Info centre and the Silo), linked by a brick carpet and equally by the unique tension existing between them. Each of the architects has grasped their building in a different way. All the buildings reinforce each other and thus form a living part of the city. The exceptional architects Zdeněk Balík, Jan Šépka, Petr Všetečka and investor Lukáš Smetana have contributed to the whole.

▼建筑外观, exterior of the building©Petr Polák

筒仓改造的主要目的是服务于社会用途，在它建成的一个世纪以后，工业用途逐渐被取代。多功能大厅可以当作剧场，举办演讲、音乐会以及其他社会活动。屋顶露台的酒吧提供面向城市的新视野。展览将在新建造的谷仓中举行，筒仓的底层被改造成有顶棚的公共空间。地下层将为整个新广场提供公共卫生设施。 ▼纵向剖面 longitudinal section©Prokš Přikryl architekti

The main purpose of the Silo conversion is its social use, which one century after its construction has replaced the previous industrial function. The multi-purpose upper hall hosts theatres, lectures, concerts and social events. The roof terrace with bar offers a new view of the city. Exhibitions will be held in the newly accessible grain bins, and the silo ground floor now forms a covered public space. A basement with public toilets provides facilities for the entire new square.

▼底层空间, ground floor space©Petr Polák

▼底层空间, ground floor space©Petr Polák

作为一栋真正的建筑-机器，它原本包括三个基础组成部分：研磨技术（由 Prokop and Sons 公司提供），框架结构（由建造者 Pollert 建造）和外层的表皮（由建筑师 Josef Gočár 设计）。Josef Gočár 作为 20 世纪捷克毋庸置疑的最伟大的建筑师，并没有在一开始就将磨坊视为一栋单纯的工业建筑。相反，他们营造出一种隐藏在堡垒之中的神秘的机械感。即使是在 1924 年被加入磨坊建筑的谷仓，它自身的存在也让人难以捉摸。 ▼概念图, concept diagram©Prokš Přikryl architekti

A true building-machine, it originally contained three basic parts: the milling technology (Prokop and Sons), the skeleton framework (the work of the builder Pollert), and the outer shell (architect Josef Gočár). Thanks to Josef Gočár, who was to become unquestionably the greatest Czech architect of the 20th century, the mills were from the outset never perceived as purely an industrial building. Instead, they create the mystery of a machine hidden in a fortress. Even the grain silo, added to the mill in 1924, is itself not clearly graspable.

▼筒仓内部, inside of the silo©Petr Polák

▼筒仓内部, inside of the silo©Petr Polák

出于对主入口的考虑，建筑师决定要揭开建筑的神秘面纱：激活底层空间的两端，在谷仓下创造一处可以自由出入的公共空间。将建筑向广场打开的思路和在一个世纪后将场地向城市打开的思路相一致。开放大门，也开放了花坛。建筑师还通过重新打开一个被关闭的入口，为砖砌的基座引入新的开放性。裸露的谷仓为室内空间增添了一种氛围。在磨坊和谷仓一侧原先大门的位置，和花坛层面建立新的连接。与此形成对比的是，另一侧的底层空间则被新的醒目的开口所打破。

▼东立面改造前后, before and after renovation©Prokš Přikryl architekti

▼立面改造前, before the renovation©Prokš Přikryl architekti

Considerations about the main entrance led to the decision to uncover the secret: activating the ground floor on both sides and creating a freely accessible public space under the bins. The idea of opening the building to the square went hand in hand with the overall opening of the site to the city after more than a century. Opening the gates, opening the parterre. We also introduced a new openness to the brick plinth through reintroducing a large opening that had been mysteriously closed. The exposed grain bins give the indoor space its atmosphere. A connection is made at parterre level via the side between the mills and the silo, at the location of the original doors. On the other side, by contrast, the base is broken through by a significantly wide new opening.

▼一侧的入口, entrance at other side©Petr Polák

今天和过去一样，一个单一的交通核连接了整栋建筑。最主要的变化是在 5 层以前的机器用房中插入了一个大厅，使该空间可以位于整体区域的上方。和大厅一样，建筑的屋顶也可供轮椅无障碍通行。

Today, as in the past, a single communication core connects the whole building. The main change is the hall inserted into the former machine room on the 5th floor, granting the space a privileged position above the entire area. Together with the hall, the roof of the building has been made wheelchair accessible.

▼改造后的多功能厅, multi-functional hall©Petr Polák

▼不同模式下的多功能厅, multi-functional hall in various modes©Petr Polák

▼屋顶露台空间, terrace space on roof©Petr Polák

▼屋顶露台空间局部, partial terrace space©Petr Polák

筒仓以及其代表的技术都以垂直性和垂直运动为特征。一层和大厅所使用的玻璃-混凝土面板使光线可以通过地板直射进地下室。地下室在巨大的柱子之间挖掘建造，是为了方便服务于设施。由于柱子的埋设深度超过了工程的勘探预期，地下空间看起来像一个地下世界。另一个新开辟的空间是二层的谷仓内部：在这里，谷仓的本质一览无余。

The silo and its technology are characterised by verticality and a sense of vertical movement. The glass-concrete floor panels in the ground level and the hall create a path for light through all floors to the basement. Excavated between massive columns, this basement serves for facilities. Almost an underworld of their own, the underground spaces could have been the result of the columns being founded deeper than our explorations had anticipated. Another newly accessible space is the inside areas of the grain bins on the second-floor level. Here, the very essence of the silo becomes visible.

▼交通核, circulation core©Petr Polák

▼旋转楼图, spiral staircase©Petr Polák

对于室内空间的改造是极为克制的。色彩和砖砌艺术都被限定于外立面，室内则是温和的，选用的材料也是标准化的，并且坚持不刻意制造新与旧之间的对比。所有的原始表皮都得以保留，包括墙上的铜绿、各种钻孔以及隔墙拆除以后留下的痕迹。总而言之，设计的目标旨在延续并发展建筑的纪念性和合理性。

The interior modifications are restrained. Colours and brickworks are confined to the facades, and the interior is muted. The range of materials is standard and adheres to the principle of additions not standing in contrast to the old. All original surfaces are retained, including the patinas, or various drill holes and scars left by the demolished partition walls. Simply put, the aim is to develop the building in its rationality and monumentality.

▼卫生间, toilet ©Petr Polák

▼夜景, night view©Petr Polák

▼场地区位, site map©Prokš Přikryl architekti

▼场地平面, site plan©Prokš Přikryl architekti

▼一层平面 / 地下室平面, ground floor plan / basement floor plan ©Prokš Přikryl architekti

▼ 二层平面 / 三层平面, first floor plan / second floor plan©Prokš Přikryl architekti

▼四层平面/五层平面, third floor plan / forth floor plan ©Prokš Přikryl architekti

▼五层平面/六层平面,fifth floor plan / sixth floor plan ©Prokš Přikryl architekti

▼七层平面/屋顶平面,seventh floor plan/roof floor plan©Prokš Přikryl architekti

▼东立面, east elevation©Prokš Přikryl architekti

▼南立面, south elevation ©Prokš Přikryl architekti

▼西立面, west elevation©Prokš Přikryl architekti

▼北立面, north elevation©Prokš Přikryl architekti

▼剖面, cross section©Prokš Přikryl architekti

▼改造前照片, interior space before the renovation©Prokš Přikryl architekti

Studio: Prokš Přikryl architekti Author: Martin Prokš, Marek Přikryl Social media: Studio address: Janáčkovo nábřeží 85/5, 150 00 Prague, Czech Republic Project location: Automatické mlýny 1963, 530 03 Pardubice Project country: Czech Republic Project year: 2018 – 2020 Completion year: 2023 Built-up area: 357 m² Gross floor area: 1848 m² Usable floor area: 1131 m² Plot size: 4030 m² Cost: 3,4 mil. € Client: Automatic Mills Foundation Lukáš Smetana, Mariana Smetanová Photographer: Petr Polák, petr@petrpolakstudio.cz, petrpolakstudio.cz Collaborator: Civil engineer: Jan Kolář Electrics: Miroslav Bouček Materials exposed concrete – lift shaft, rooftop extension, roof and floor structural slabs galvanized steel – stairs structure, all steel components, doors galvanized steel grating – stairs, railings glass concrete floors – prefabricated floor panel with glass blocks tile covering – toilets, utility rooms face bricks – refurbishment and replacement of original brick façade concrete paving – roof terrace pine plywood – furniture