法国波尔多西蒙娜韦伊大桥丨OMA,雷姆•库哈斯与克里斯•范杜恩

2024 年 7 月 12 日，波尔多 – 由 OMA / 雷姆•库哈斯（Rem Koolhaas）与克里斯•范杜恩（Chris van Duijn）设计的西蒙娜韦伊大桥（Simone Veil Bridge）已经启用。本项目坐落于法国波尔多 加龙河（River Garonne）上，呈一座 549 米长、44 米宽的平台由一侧河岸伸展至对岸，成为欧洲目前最宽的桥梁。大桥为该市带来全新的公共空间。其摈弃对风格、形式和明显的结构表现的追求，致力于使用性能并关注未来能够为波尔多市民所能提供的用途。私家车、公共交通以及自行车均设有各自专属 的车道，同时为行人留出了最宽的路面空间。加倍的桥面宽度，创造了一个达 28 米宽，未有设定指定功能的空间，可用于举办任何文化或商业活动，例如市集、艺术展览、赛事、车友会聚 会、音乐节或美酒节等。

The Simone Veil Bridge consists of a platform stretched across the River Garonne in Bordeaux that is 549 meters in length and 44 meters wide. The bridge provides a new linear public space for the city. It abandons any interest in style, form, and blatant structural expression in favor of a commitment to performance and an interest in potential use by the people of Bordeaux. Cars, modes of public transportation, and bicycles all have their own lanes, with the largest by far dedicated to foot traffic. The width of the bridge’s platform is doubled to create neutral, unprogrammed space that can be used for any cultural or commercial purpose, such as markets, fairs, rallies, car club meetings, and festivals for music or wine.

▼项目和周围环境，project and surroundings © JB Menges, courtesy of Bordeaux Metropole

▼大桥远眺，viewed from afar©  JB Menges, courtesy of Bordeaux Metropole

▼大桥远景，view from afar© Clement Guillaume, courtesy OMA

▼大桥近景，closer view© Clement Guillaume, courtesy OMA

如今，人们常以桥的技术性效用和作为城市及周边的扩展工具的功能,来狭隘地衡量桥梁的作用价 值。桥自身承载的城市空间功能已丧失。然而西蒙娜韦伊大桥的做法，摈弃了当前人们对桥梁在 工程壮举或美学表现上的痴迷追求，让桥梁重新恢复为充满活力的城市公共活动空间。其理念参 考多座不仅是通行场所，还是城市休闲及商业活动空间的桥梁，其中包括威尼斯的里亚托桥

（Rialto Bridge）和十九、二十世纪横跨伊斯坦布尔金角湾（Golden Horn）的加拉塔桥（Galata Bridge）。不同形式的交通及活动交织在一起，形成一条有着多种不同使用场景的当代城市大 道，为波尔多的大都会生活增添活力。西蒙娜韦伊大桥的设计旨在能够适应未来各种可能的用途。这座大桥让大众对波尔多大都会生活产生热切乐观的期待。

此项目设计旨在为加龙河两侧沿岸地区建立一个具连系性的形象。河的右岸为弗卢瓦拉克 （Floirac）新开发区，排布着富有雕塑感的多座公共设施建筑，而左岸为波尔多与贝格勒 （Bègles），两岸通过巧妙地交织于城市肌理之中的绿色空间，以及废旧公路的更新改造，连接串联在一起。这座大桥不仅通过物理空间上的连接，同时亦以景观中的城市平台，为这座城市提供重要的连续性。

▼对不同使用场景的想象，different scenario©courtesy OMA

Today, bridges are often narrowly evaluated in terms of their technical utility and their function as tools for the expansion of the city and its periphery, largely driven by cars. The role of bridges as urban spaces in themselves has been lost. The Simone Veil Bridge rejects the current obsession with bridges as triumphant feats of engineering or aesthetic statements and recovers their dynamic urban character, to look for an alternative definition of what a twenty- first-century bridge could be. Its points of reference are bridges that are places not only for circulation but also for leisure and commercial activities—including Venice’s Rialto Bridge and incarnations of Galata Bridge across the Golden Horn in Istanbul in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The commingling of different forms of traffic and activities creates a contemporary boulevard that can exist in various configurations of intensity and that contributes to the metropolitan life of Bordeaux. The Simone Veil Bridge is meant to be adaptable to a range of possible future uses. It presents a literal definition for non-prescriptive place-making, and a framework for sustainability through its flexibility.

▼城市休闲及商业活动空间的桥梁，for leisure and commercial activities© Clement Guillaume, courtesy OMA

▼可容纳各种可能性的开放平台，an open platform for all possibilities© Clement Guillaume, courtesy OMA

本项目由雷姆•库哈斯和克里斯•范杜恩领导设计，由 Gilles Guyot 带领团队工作。

OMA 合伙人雷姆•库哈斯表示：“这座桥是为市民而非行家而打造。该项目注重的并非外观形式， 而是其使用性能。相较于把成本预算花在结构形体上，本项目反而是致力使大桥获得倍增的桥面宽度，从而创造了一个线性的公共空间，服务于两侧沿岸的社区并为它们建立连接。而这两侧沿岸目前尚未发展形成一个强烈的形象特征。如参考里亚托桥这类型的桥梁案例，这个额外的公共 空间可以用于各种性质的用途：无论是大众的、商业的还是文化类的活动，又或者是车友聚会、 市集、政治集会、品酒会或是节日庆典。 ”

OMA 合伙人克里斯•范杜恩表示：“我们设计打造的西蒙娜韦伊大桥，就如一个跳出剧场空间之外 的舞台。在当前标志和地标遍布的时代，波尔多市建造这样一个与标志性相悖的设计这是一个具 有特别意义的决定。”

OMA 项目经理 Gilles Guyot 表示：“为了发挥其功能，项目的身份存在感需要逐步淡化，成为一 个可容纳各种可能性的开放平台，由一条连系城市的纽带变为城市活力之源。”

▼有关农业的想象场景，Scenario Agriculture©courtesy OMA

The bridge is conceived to create a unified identity for the areas on either side of the Garonne. It connects the development of Floirac on the right bank, where sculptural and functional objects are arranged to provide public amenities, with Bordeaux and Bègles on the left bank through green space that is subtly woven into the urban fabric, including with the reuse of a former highway. The bridge provides fundamental continuity for the city’s territory, through connection but also through its performance as an urban platform in a landscape.

▼通车时桥梁，Bridges open to traffic© Clement Guillaume, courtesy OMA

▼不同状态下的桥梁，Bridges for different scenario© Clement Guillaume, courtesy OMA

▼模型，model©Frans Parthesius. Courtesy OMA

▼概念图，concept© Courtesy OMA

Status: Complete

Client: Bordeaux Métropole

Location: Bordeaux, Bègles and Floirac, France

Site: Jean Jacques Bosc Avenue, over the Garonne

Program: Bridge: 549m long and 44m wide

120,000m2 of bridgeheads, including roads, underpass, public space and parks

Partners in charge

Rem Koolhaas

Chris van Duijn

Project Architect

Gilles Guyot

Design Team

Clément Blanchet, Margarida Amial, Henry Bardsley, Denis Bondar, Kimiko Bonneau, Solène de Bouteiller, Alice Chen, Emily Crabb, Alban Denic, My-Linh Dinh, Paul Feeney, Camille Filbien, Marc-Achille Filhol, Stavros Gargaretas, Romina Grillo, Hanna Jankowska, Henri Kapynen, Min Hong Khor, Sang Woo Kim, Pierre-Jean Le Maitre, Pierre Levesque, Salma Maaroufi, Lawrence-Olivier Mahadoo, Pierre-Jean Le Maitre, Deborah Mateo, Edward Nicholson, Ana Otelea, Jerome Picard, Ana Reis, Maria Aller Rey, François Riollot, Claudio Saccucci, Irgen Salianji, Kristin Schaefer, Sai Shu, Helene Sicsic, Lukasz Skalec, Saul Smeding, Ida Stople, Jan Szymankiewicz, Xavier Travert, Nicola Vitale

COLLABORATORS

Engineers: WSP and Groupe EGIS

Landscape: Michel Desvigne Paysagiste

Lighting: Les éclaireurs

CONTRACTORS

Preliminary work: Dubreuilh, Etchart Construction, Menard

Civil engineering, equipment and superstructures: Bouygues Travaux Publics Régions France, Pro-fond

Steel structure: Baudin Châteauneuf

Road and network: Colas, Aximum

Green space: ID Verde, Brettes Paysagiste Lighting: SPIE City Networks