南召黄鸭河流域治理及县域生态环境建设项目丨中国南阳丨元有（成都）规划设计有限公司

从 2017 年启动设计到 2023 年，历时六年，南召黄鸭河流域治理及县域生态环境建设项目终于迎来了竣工验收。

黄鸭河是南召县的母亲河，因过去河面常有黄鸭群聚而得名“黄鸭河”，但由于近些年生态环境的改变，我们踏勘现场的时候已经看不到黄鸭了。

黄鸭河河道尺度比一般的城市河流要大，平均跨度在 300 米左右，最宽的区段有 500 米，但由于河道水量无保证，除了现有几处拦水坝口处有些水面外，大面积河滩裸露，植被缺失，局部河床都变成了人们的菜地，风貌较差，两岸大面积的混凝土堤岸更是僵硬，除了防洪没有其他功能。

©元有景观团队自摄/谢圣洋、张敏敏

From the initiation of the design in 2017 to the completion and acceptance in 2023, the Nanzhao Huangya River Basin Management and County Ecological Environment Construction Project has spanned six years. The Huangya River, known as the mother river of Nanzhao County, was named for the gatherings of yellow ducks that used to frequent its waters. However, due to changes in the ecological environment in recent years, these ducks are no longer visible during our site surveys. The river channel is larger than typical urban rivers, with an average width of about 300 meters and the widest sections reaching 500 meters. But due to the lack of guaranteed water volume, apart from some water surfaces at the existing dam sites, large areas of river beaches are exposed, vegetation is lacking, and some local riverbeds have been turned into vegetable fields by the locals, resulting in a poor appearance. The extensive concrete embankments on both banks are rigid, serving only flood control functions.

▼黄鸭河公园，Huangya River park©元有景观团队自摄/谢圣洋、张敏敏

设计团队要解决的第一个问题就是水资源调配，主要从河滩、河堤两方面入手，提出了设计策略。

▼堤案设计策略，embankment design strategy©元有景观

▼河滩设计策略，river bank design strategy©元有景观

The first issue the design team needed to address was the allocation of water resources, focusing on two aspects: the river beach and the embankments, and proposing a design strategy.

▼核心区南段航拍，Aerial photograph of the southern section of the core area©元有景观自摄/谢圣洋、张敏敏

▼核心区南段水网湿地航拍，Aerial photo of the water network wetland in the southern section of the core area©元有景观自摄/谢圣洋、张敏敏

▼南段西岸实施前后对比，Before and after implementation of the southern section of the West Bank©元有景观自摄/谢圣洋、张敏敏

河滩

River Beach

通过开挖不同层级的水系（副水系、小水系）让水流像植物根系一样延伸至整个河滩，给水更多自由的空间，在这上百米宽的河道中流淌、冲刷、渗透。

▼总体平面图，site plan©元有景观

By excavating water systems of different levels (secondary water systems, small water systems), the flow of water is allowed to extend throughout the entire river beach like plant roots, giving water more freedom to flow, wash, and infiltrate in this river channel that is hundreds of meters wide.

▼南段西岸航拍，Ariel photo of the southern section of the West Bank©元有景观自摄/谢圣洋、张敏敏

第一步-疏浚主水系，第二步-新增副水系，第三步-引入小水网，第四步-坑塘回填湿地塘。修复后的河滩断面除了原有的主水系，还新增了副水系和小水网形成多种水生生境，丰富食物链长度，增强黄鸭河流域的生态系统恢复力。

▼水资源调配分析图，Water resource allocation analysis©元有景观

▼栖息地生物多样性，habitat biodiversity©元有景观

Step one – dredging the main water system, step two – adding secondary water systems, step three – introducing a small water network, step four – backfilling the ponds to create wetland ponds. The restored river beach cross-section, in addition to the original main water system, also adds secondary water systems and a small water network to form a variety of aquatic habitats, enriching the food chain length and enhancing the ecological resilience of the Huangya River basin.

▼生态堤岸施工中，Ecological embankment under construction©元有景观自摄/谢圣洋、张敏敏

▼生态堤岸施工后，Ecological embankment after construction©元有景观自摄/谢圣洋、张敏敏

▼南段东岸航拍，Ariel photo of the southern section of the Eastern Bank©元有景观自摄/谢圣洋、张敏敏

堤岸

Embankments

对原有的光面混凝土堤岸采用生态护岸措施使其软化附绿，同时创造出更多的可参与空间。第一步-软化堤岸， 第二步-植入功能，第三步-塑造空间。最终河道会形成由水网结合水面的丰富地貌形态。

▼场地剖透视效果图，site perspective rendering©元有景观

The original smooth concrete embankments are softened and greened using ecological protection measures, while creating more participatory spaces. Step one – softening the embankments, step two – implanting functions, step three – shaping spaces. Ultimately, the river channel will form a rich topographical form combined with a water network and water surfaces.

▼“猿人”主题文化节点，cultural node©元有景观自摄/谢圣洋、张敏敏

▼丰富的亲水、观水空间，various waterfront space©元有景观自摄/谢圣洋、张敏敏

遗憾

Regret

由于业主希望河道呈现大水面相连的效果，最终对于河滩的处理并没有按照原方案实施，而是选择了传统的水工措施，通过增设橡胶坝来形成较大水面，将原有河滩全部淹没。虽然这样做能够带来即时水面效果，但同样也会带来更多生态问题，例如被水坝拦截起来的大水面在枯水季将变成死水区，水质必然有问题；水位的抬升淹没了原有的河滩湿地区，水生生境类型减少；多级的拦水坝也阻断了河流鱼类通道等等。

Due to the client’s desire for the river channel to present a continuous large water surface effect, the treatment of the river beach was not implemented according to the original plan. Instead, traditional hydraulic engineering measures were chosen, adding rubber dams to form a larger water surface, submerging the original river beach. Although this approach can bring immediate water surface effects, it will also bring more ecological problems. For example, the large water surface trapped by the dam will become a dead water area during the dry season, and the water quality will inevitably be problematic; the rise in water level submerges the original river beach wetland area, reducing the types of aquatic habitats; multiple levels of dams also block the fish passage of the river.

▼南召城市干道，Nanzhao city trunk road©南召政务网

虽然河滩的处理没能落地，但河道两侧堤岸还是按照方案顺利落地，实现了水利与景观的结合，兼顾了防洪需求与景观功能、风貌，让原来冰冷的水泥堤岸消失掉，取而代之的是生态绿地。

Although the treatment of the river beach was not implemented, the embankments on both sides of the river channel were successfully implemented according to the plan, achieving a combination of water conservancy and landscape, taking into account flood control needs and landscape functions, appearance, making the originally cold concrete embankments disappear, replaced by ecological green spaces.

▼黄鸭河整体航拍，Ariel photo of Huangyariver©元有景观自摄/谢圣洋、张敏敏

▼黄鸭河一期核心区北段平面图，Huangyahe Phase I north section of the core area plan©元有景观

▼黄鸭河一期核心区南段平面图，Huangyahe Phase I south section of the core area plan©元有景观

项目名称：南召黄鸭河流域治理及县域生态环境建设项目

项目类型：景观设计

设计方：元有（成都）规划设计有限公司

项目设计：2017-2018

完成年份：2018-2023

设计团队：元有（成都）规划设计有限公司 / 方案：蒋侃迅、张敏敏、刘宇、陈建英、帅畅、陈思雨、向世豪；施工图：肖志军、王君琰、冉茂强、金发田、谢圣洋、姚俊华；水工专业：齐万龙；其他专业：胡基明、张翔、张磊

项目地址：河南省南阳市南召县

建筑面积：约 6100 亩

摄影：元有景观团队自摄/谢圣洋、张敏敏

合作方：北京东方利禾景观设计有限公司； 施工单位：北京东方园林环境股份有限公司

客户：南召县水利局