Oliveirinha 墓地建筑丨葡萄牙丨Sónia Cruz Arquitectura

本项目在满足业主对守灵空间的要求之外，还将周边区域和通道打造得协调统一。设计目标不仅是为了打造一座有着一系列必须功能的独立建筑，还需要对现有空间谨慎地翻新和调整。

In addition to responding to the need for a wake space, the intervention is intended to provide an opportunity to harmonize and unify the surrounding area and access. The approach is not only to create an independent building with the necessary features to house the planned program, but also to create a silent piece of architecture capable of reorganizing and requalifying the existing space.

▼项目概览，Overall view© Ivo Tavares Studio

▼顶视，Top view© Ivo Tavares Studio

▼远景鸟瞰，Bird’s eye view© Ivo Tavares Studio

进行干预区域的特点是将空间和人人行通道分离开来，因为这两部分采用的材料和设计语言不协调，所以导致空间并不合格。设计者在观察现场时发现了几个限制因素，本项目旨在探究并寻求解决这些限制因素的方案。这些限制因素总结为以下几点：不符合要求的入口；一些现存的实体（目的便捷、圣母纪念碑/祈祷室、附属建筑例如门楼、仓库和卫生设施）；墓地入口与教区教堂墓地相互脱节；墓穴山墙的正立面入口；公共卫生设施的老化；缺少对墓地工作人员的技术支持；与社区相关的习俗、传统和经验。

The intervention area is characterized by the disarticulation between spaces and pedestrian accesses, with disharmony between the materials and languages present there, resulting in a disqualified space. On observing the site, several constraints were identified which the proposal considers and seeks to resolve, and which can be summarized in the following points: disqualified entrance; physical pre-existence (boundary of the cemetery, monument/oratory to Our Lady, ancillary buildings (gatehouse, storage and sanitary facilities); disarticulation between the cemetery access and the parish churchyard; entrance front marked by the gables of the tombs; degradation of the public sanitary facilities; lack of technical support areas for the gravedigger; customs, traditions and experiences linked to and established by the community.

▼入口处远观，Distant view of the entrance© Ivo Tavares Studio

▼入口草坪，Lawn © Ivo Tavares Studio

▼入口遮挡结构，Entrance shielding structure © Ivo Tavares Studio

▼入口门，Entrance© Ivo Tavares Studio

为了响应开发商提出的计划和对场地的具体要求，设计者策略性地将太平间布置在了公墓入口旁，这样能够在公墓的街道侧正立面打造一个新的元素，将人们的注意力从后侧并不起眼的殡仪馆转移过来。在北侧，设计者重新布置了太平间的布局，试图将殡葬建筑群（公墓）与教区教堂的主目的联系在一起，这样给来者营造一种视觉上联系。南侧公墓的布局则起到了强化作用。

In order to respond both to the initial program proposed by the developer and to the specific needs of the site, it was decided to strategically place the mortuary next to the cemetery entrance.

It is proposed that the building be placed next to the main entrance to the cemetery on the west side, so as to create a new element on the cemetery’s street front, drawing attention away from the poorly qualified back façades of the funeral chapels.

On the north side, the placement of the mortuary suggests a new alignment that tries to relate the funeral complex (cemetery) to the main churchyard of the parish church, suggesting to the user a common physical and visual relationship.

On the south side, inside the cemetery, the layout respects and reinforces the alignment of the common front of the funeral chapels.

▼教区教堂墓地，Churchyard © Ivo Tavares Studio

太平间建筑的屋顶上安装有一个水平的遮阳板，这与主体体量不同，能够将太平间建筑体量融入公墓的内部组织中，并形成强烈的正交排序。建筑的平屋顶和遮阳板构成并限定了公墓的主要出入口，形成了一个带有顶部遮盖的空间，为来者在雨天和晴天提供遮挡。东侧新建了一道围墙，与屋顶元素和公墓内外两侧的长椅相呼应。开发商要求设计者对公墓的外形和形式环境进行谨慎且敏感的处理，使新建体量与原有体量进行很好的结合，而不致于相互冲突，并将它们之间的空隙作为过渡元素。

▼新旧建筑之间的过渡缝隙，Transition gap © Ivo Tavares Studio

▼建筑入口处，Entrance space© Ivo Tavares Studio

▼内部空间概览，Interior view© Ivo Tavares Studio

▼内部空间设计细部，Design detials© Ivo Tavares Studio

本项目的设计方案有意选取了简单、朴素且现代化的设计方法和材料，采用了与目的其它殡葬建筑截然不同的简约的建筑语言。旨在遵循安静、不作标记且谨慎的干预手法，并能够与整体很好的融合，而不致于显得突兀。建筑的总体外墙覆盖了抛光的混凝土灰色灰泥，与整个建筑群人行道处的色调保持了一致。开窗采用了深色无烟煤色的扁平铝制框架，大门处有无烟煤色的金属制品制成，加入了垂直元素，当门开启时会凹进并隐藏进东侧墙体中，这种操作将以简单实用的方式进行组织。来者可以从墓地独立地进出，这里还包括了观景室、卫生间和储藏室。守灵室通过一个向西开启的大门与外界相连，室外花园正好可以作为守灵空间的背景。此外，当人们从墓地内部进入这里，能够注意到这里还设有供墓地的工作人员使用的储藏室和一套完整的卫生设施。

The materialization of the proposed construction is done intentionally using simple, sober and contemporary design and materials, assuming a minimal architectural language that is distinct from the other funeral constructions that make up the cemetery. It is intended to be a silent, unmarked and discreet intervention, which integrates positively with the building as a whole and does not stand out. The general exterior cladding of the building is a polished concrete grey plaster, close to the color of the sidewalk that makes up the entire complex, as if it were a common stain. The openings will have flat aluminum frames in a dark matt anthracite color. The gate will be made of anthracite-colored metalwork with vertical elements and, when open, will be recessed and hidden in the east wall.

The program is organized in a simple and pragmatic way. With independent access from the cemetery, the building will include a viewing room, a toilet and a storage room. The wake room is connected to the outside by a large opening facing west, taking advantage of the garden space as a backdrop for the coffin during the wake. In addition, and with access from inside the cemetery, there will be a storage room and a complete sanitary installation for the employee responsible for maintaining the cemetery.

▼夜览，Night view© Ivo Tavares Studio

▼总平面图，masterplan©Sónia Cruz Arquitectura

▼平面图，floor plan©Sónia Cruz Arquitectura

▼屋顶平面图，roof floor plan©Sónia Cruz Arquitectura

▼立面图，elevation©Sónia Cruz Arquitectura

▼剖面图，section©Sónia Cruz Arquitectura

Project name: Casa Mortuária de Oliveirinha

Architecture Office: Sónia Lopes da Cruz – Arquitectura

Main Architect: Sónia Cruz

Collaboration: Rui Vieira, Inês Lopes

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Location: Oliveirinha, Aveiro, Portugal

Year of conclusion: 2023

Total area: 220m2

Builder: HFN Construções SA

Inspection: CMA

Engineering: R5 Engineers

Landscape: Sónia Cruz Arquitectura

Light Design: Sónia Cruz Arquitectura

Acoustic Design: R5 Engineers

Fluids Engineering: R5 Engineers

Thermal Engineering: R5 Engineers

Visual identity: Sónia Cruz Arquitectura

Illustrations: Sónia Cruz Arquitectura

Interior Design: Sónia Cruz Arquitectura

Architectural photographer: Ivo Tavares Studio

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