道说阴阳·双子别墅丨哥斯达黎加蓬塔雷纳斯丨Formafatal

2024/08/01 16:34:13

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Formafatal：在哥斯达黎加乌维塔（Uvita）小镇附近一块海拔 300 米的土地上（面积 1.1 万平方米），Formafatal 为短期休闲租赁设计了两栋小别墅。两栋别墅双双耸立在丛林茂密的山坡上，部分悬浮在陡峭的南坡上方。每栋别墅的建筑面积均为 90 平方米。

设计师的初衷在于设计出具有亲生物性的可持续房屋，这些房屋将是经过深思熟虑的，同时兼具简约而克制的外观，不过多雕饰，也无任何功能性的疏漏。

Formafatal:Near Uvita town, on a plot of 11,000 square meters at a height of 300 m above the sea, I designed two small villas on a hill overgrown with a jungle. Both villas, partly levitating above the steep southern slope, are designed for short-term recreational rentals. The built-up area of each of them is 90 m2. My intention was to design sustainable houses with biophilic interiors, which will be sophisticatedly thought-up and at the same time their shaping will be strongly minimalist and simple. No unnecessary extra element, but also nothing to miss.

别墅的建筑风格刻意采用纤细利落的线条，与郁郁葱葱的热带植被形成鲜明对比，但所选用的材料和颜色却与周围的环境完美契合。

两栋别墅建筑风格相同，材料、平面布局或朝向也完全相同。不过，内部装饰，尤其是色彩概念却不尽相同，这也部分反映在外部装饰上。

The architecture of villas is deliberately with its thin and sharp lines in contrast to lush tropical vegetation, but the chosen materials and colors are perfectly coinciding with the surroundings. Both villas are architecturally the same. Materials, floor plan layout, or orientation towards cardinal points are also identical. However, it differs in the interior, especially by its color concept, which is partly reflected also in exteriors.

建筑设计基于“天选方位”——建筑地块朝向一望无际的太平洋和地形形态。室内装饰的色彩则回应了别墅建造之前在所处位置感知到的能量。虽然两栋别墅相距仅 12 米，但每栋别墅都有着明显不同的气场，设计师也将这些气场反映到了室内设计之中。

Jaspis 别墅（jaspis 即 jasper，碧玉，代表明亮的别墅）是“阳”的体现。它与海洋和天空相连，不仅在视觉上，而且在内心感受上也是如此。设计师用沙色的色彩概念回应了这种相互的联系。

The architectural design is based on the genius loci – on the orientation of the building plot towards the endless view of the Pacific Ocean and the morphology of the terrain. The color concept of interiors responds to the energies that were perceived in the location of the villas before their construction. Although the villas are only 12 m apart, each of them has clearly different vibrations that I reflected into the interior design.

Jaspis Villa (jaspis = jasper, bright villa) is a reflection of yin energy. It is connected to the ocean and sky, not only visually, but also its vibrations. With a color concept in sand shades, I respond to this interconnection.

▽Jaspis 别墅

Nefrit 别墅（nefrit 即 jade，翡翠，代表幽暗的别墅）是“阴”的体现。在 Nefrit 别墅中，可以感受到身体与大地和丛林的联系。在这里，所选择的色彩概念也是对这些能量的反应，混凝土地面的红赤土色将当地土壤的色调延续到了房屋内部。

Nefrit Villa (nefrit = jade, dark villa) is a reflection of yang energy. In the Nefrit villa you can feel the connection with the ground and the jungle. Here, too, the chosen color concept is reaction to these energies and the red-terracotta color of the concrete floor transmits the shade of local soil to the interior of the house.

▽Nefrit 别墅

▽Jaspis 别墅

▽ 阳台夕照 Sunset on the balcony

▽ 厨房 Kitchen

刚抵达时，两栋别墅看起来都很不起眼，甚至于很简陋，建筑两侧长满了新栽的热带植物。但穿过别墅，进一步走向悬浮露台，辽阔的海景就会随着步伐逐渐展现在眼前，你会发现自己已置身于主卧的宽敞空间中，一旁还有露台和无边泳池。就仿佛突然发现自己处在了一栋与刚进入时全然不同的别墅之中。

Upon arrival, both villas seem very inconspicuous, humble. On the sides they are lined with newly planted tropical plants. But as soon as you pass through the villa, further towards the levitating terraces, after a few steps, the view of the ocean is opening, and you will find yourself in the generous space of the main bedroom with adjacent terraces and infinity plunge pool. As if you suddenly find yourself in a different villa other than you entered.

施工——建筑细节与其间的相互制约 I put an extreme emphasis on all construction – architectural details and their mutual constraints. 具有质朴视觉感受的夯土墙和混凝土材料，与支撑整面混凝土天花板的结构钢 H 型梁的搭配相得益彰。房屋的大梁与圈梁仅在屋顶上表面可见，屋内部还排列着一对 U 型钢材。整体如同塑造了一座阁楼，坐落在苍翠的丛林之间。

The raw visual materials of rammed earth walls and concrete are complemented by the structural steel H-beams, supporting a concrete monolithic ceiling slab. The girders and ring beam of the house are visible only in the upper face of the roof, which is lined with a pair of steel “U” profiles. They also fulfill the function of the roof attic.

▽Nefrit 别墅

所有面向无边海景的外墙均采用无框玻璃设计。玻璃外墙上滑动与固定部分的材料都嵌入了混凝土天花板的凹槽中。室内照明导轨、蚊帐连接导轨和床榻周围的窗帘也都采用了同样的安装方式。

All facades oriented to endless views of the ocean are designed from frameless glass. The profiles of sliding and solid parts of the glass facades are recessed into the grooves in the concrete ceiling slab. In this way, the installation of interior lighting rails and the connecting rail for the mosquito net and the curtains around the bed was also applied.

混凝土楼板上铺有防滑结构的水泥砂浆找平层，由于工序差异，每栋别墅都呈现出不同的质感。其余的内墙，包括定制的混凝土实心家具，表面也是水泥砂浆，只不过是另一种“光滑”的亚光表面。

考虑到哥斯达黎加的气候炎热、湿度高，设计选择了尽可能耐用的材料。

The concrete floor slab is covered with a non-slip structured cement screed, which is different in each villa. The remaining interior walls, including concrete custom-designed solid furniture, are also in the surface of cement screeds, but here in smooth matte finish. I chose the materials as durable as possible considering the Costa Rican climate and high humidity.

为了建造粘土“夯土”墙，设计师邀请了一位来自巴西的资深夯土建筑专家——Terra Compacta 公司的负责人，因为在哥斯达黎加，还没有人有过建造夯土建筑的经验。当地的几位工匠在经过 Terra Compact 公司的培训后，首次在哥斯达黎加建成了夯土建筑。

极简主义也体现在室内设计中，除了淋浴间和卫生间的大尺寸滑动面板外，室内没有任何一扇门。该面板中附带的一面大镜子还实现了衣架墙的功能。

To realize the clay “Rammed Earth” walls I invited an experienced specialist from Brazil, the owner of Terra Compacta company, because in Costa Rica no one had any experience with this construction method. Daniel Mantovani from Terra Compact trained several local craftsmen and together they can attribute their first place to realize Rammed Earth architecture in Costa Rica.

Minimalist architecture is also reflected in interiors, where there is no door except for the large-format sliding panel in the section of the shower and toilet. It also fulfills the function of a hanger wall with a large mirror.

室内设备多为定制的产品。厨房的桌子、水槽、架子、单独的床头柜或长凳则是由混凝土制成。

The equipment of the interiors is mostly custom-made. Kitchen desk, sink, shelves, solitary bedside tables or bench are made from concrete.

设计师从比利时设计工作室 Bram Vander-Beke 的作品中获得灵感，设计了一系列混凝土独桌。其他家具、灯饰、配件和艺术品均为精心挑选的来自世界各地设计师的原创产品。

For some of the concrete solitaires, I was inspired by the work of the Belgian design studio Bram Vander-Beke. The creation of this studio is very close to me. Other furniture, luminaires, accessories and art were carefully selected with regard to originality, often directly from designers across all continents.