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天空之城幼儿园丨中国江苏丨SoBA建筑设计事务所

2024/08/22 13:54:08

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▼东鸟瞰，eastern Ariel view©存在建筑摄影

▼整体鸟瞰，Ariel view of overall©存在建筑摄影

▼屋顶鸟瞰，Ariel view©存在建筑摄影

天空之城的由来

The Sky Castle

昆山花桥作为长三角地区的重要区域，通过其高度的开放性和快速的国际化进程，已发展成为一个具有全球视野的现代化新区。业主希望在这里建设标志性建筑节点，以展示开发区的开放性和多样性，同时为儿童提供更为丰富的学习和生活空间。“天空之城”幼儿园便是基于这一背景下的一次幼儿园设计探索。我们的设计灵感来源自于天空的广阔和梦幻，旨在为孩子们创造一个充满无限可能和探索精神的环境。我们希望通过独特的设计语言，激发孩子们的好奇心与创造力，让每一个角落都能成为他们展示自己与认知世界的舞台。

▼草图，sketch©SoBA

Kunshan Huaqiao, a key area in the Yangtze River Delta, has rapidly developed into a modern district with a global perspective, driven by its openness and swift internationalization. The client aims to create a landmark architectural node here to highlight the area’s openness and diversity while providing enriched spaces for children’s learning and living. The Sky Castle Kindergarten is a design study born from this vision. Inspired by the vast and dreamy sky, our design seeks to create an environment that fosters endless possibilities and exploration. Through a unique design language, we aim to spark children’s curiosity and creativity, making every corner a stage for them to express themselves and explore the world.

▼南鸟瞰，south Ariel view©存在建筑摄影

项目基地位于远创路以西，金捷路以南，偏长条形。场地西侧、北侧紧邻同步开发的高层住宅小区，南侧毗邻即将开发的商业地块。建筑在场地空间内以一连串“云朵”的造型围合成了只属于孩子们的“天空之城”。围合式的布局从一定程度上缓解了超高层住宅对幼儿园带来的压迫感，也阻挡了场地南侧商业地块未来对幼儿园的不利影响。

▼设计生成分析图，massing generation©SoBA

The building is designed as a series of “cloud” shapes that enclose a unique “Sky Castle” just for children. This enclosed design alleviates the oppressive feeling imposed by the surrounding high-rise residential developments and also shields the kindergarten from potential future disruptions from the commercial plot to the south that has yet to be developed.

▼东北鸟瞰，north-east Ariel view©存在建筑摄影

在这座以“云朵”主题打造的“天空之城”中，我们设计了多个形状各异、大小不一的室外活动空间。每个楼层和朝向的教室都与其对应的户外活动空间连接，包括地面层的庭院和二层的连廊空间。双曲面屋顶模拟了云朵的形状，整体涂白的建筑立面与丰富有趣的彩虹跑道相得益彰。整个设计的空间尺度和色彩搭配都经过精心考量，旨在为这个年龄段的孩子们创造一个既舒适又充满活力的环境。

▼整体轴测图，axonometric©SoBA

Designed with a “cloud” theme, we have created several outdoor activity courtyards of varying shapes and sizes. Each classroom, whether on the ground floor or upper levels, connects to its corresponding outdoor area, including courtyards on the ground level and connecting corridors on the second floor. The hyperbolic roof mimics the shape of clouds, and the all-white façade of the building harmonizes with the vibrant and playful rainbow pathways. The design carefully considers spatial scale and color usage, aiming to create a comfortable and dynamic environment for children at this stage of growth.

▼建筑体块与彩虹跑道，building massing and rainbow runway©存在建筑摄影

粉色楼梯位于主庭院显著位置，除了满足消防和疏散的要求外，梦幻的粉色激发着孩子们的想象力和探索欲。我们希望粉色楼梯和在粉色空间里发生的趣事能成为孩子们毕业后对幼儿园的美好回忆。

The dreamy pink staircase not only meets fire safety and evacuation code but also becomes a part of the children’s imaginative world and memories, inspiring their creativity and desire for exploration.

▼粉色楼梯和种植园，pink staircase and urban farm©存在建筑摄影

▼粉色楼梯，pink staircase©存在建筑摄影

布局合理的迷你之城

Rational mini city

除硬性要求的消防环道外，我们将幼儿园主入口、机动车出入口、消防出入口均集中在场地东侧进行整合，尽量腾挪出更多的面积打造校园空间。主入口北侧设有一定数量的地面停车空间。后勤出入口安排在停车场西侧。建筑南侧、西侧、北侧为阻隔不利因素影响，设置了围墙和景观带。

In addition to the mandatory fire access routes, we have consolidated the main entrance to the kindergarten, the vehicle entrance, and the fire exit all on the eastern side of the site to maximize the area available for the campus space. A certain number of ground-level parking spaces are provided to the north of the main entrance. The logistics entrance is located on the western side of the parking lot. To mitigate adverse impacts, the southern, western, and northern sides of the building are enclosed with walls and landscaped areas, in addition to the fire lanes.

▼校园主入口，the main entrance©存在建筑摄影

▼次庭院，secondary courtyard©存在建筑摄影

“云朵”体块坐北朝南、南低北高、东低西高，在最大程度引入自然光照的前提下，让行人在校园入口处就能大致辨别建筑的整体形态。作为幼儿园最主要的空间，班级活动单元安排在建筑的南体块和北体块的南侧，从而获得了充足的光照；后勤和配套用房安排在离后勤停车场较近处；行政管理用房布置在主入口附近和西北角的最高体块中；专用教室，如多功能厅、阅读室、音乐室则散落在体块与体块衔接的转折处。

▼总平面图，site plan©SoBA

The “cloud” clusters are oriented north-south, with a lower elevation to the south and a higher elevation to the north, and a lower elevation to the east and a higher elevation to the west. This design maximizes natural light while allowing visitors to discern the building’s overall effect upon approaching the main entrance.

As the primary space in the kindergarten, the classroom activity units are located on the southern sides of the southern and northern building blocks, ensuring ample natural light. The logistics and service rooms are situated in blocks closer to the logistics parking area. Administrative offices are positioned near the main entrance and in the highest block to the northwest. Specialized classrooms, such as the multifunctional hall, reading room, and music room, are scattered at the turning points of the building blocks.

▼局部鸟瞰，partial Ariel view©存在建筑摄影

来之不易的“云朵”和“彩虹”

Rainbows and clouds

为达到“云朵”的特殊造型，金属屋顶采用了大面积平面结合局部双曲面的处理手法。考虑到控制造价和降低施工难度，我们引入了参数化设计帮助屋顶造型的细节把控，这让双曲面的曲度和实际加工过程中铝镁锰板的可承受弯度达到平衡。我们通过模型动画演示和局部屋顶模型展示与业主和施工单位沟通，消除了大部分由于异形屋顶所造成的歧义和误解。

在建筑为“云朵”的基础上，我们又将“彩虹”引入了景观设计。入口次庭院设计了二分之一的月半弯，作为入口引流；中心主庭院设计了四分之一的太阳，以太阳为中心，沙坑和滑滑梯暗示着太阳发出的光芒；彩虹跑道从入口一直穿过次庭院和主庭院，绕着南侧建筑一圈后又回到主入口位置，彩虹闭环跑道的设计的灵感来自于孩子们喜欢绕圈跑的天性。南侧建筑体块凹进去的区域是专门为老师提供的休闲空间。

For the outdoor spaces, we drew inspiration from the sky and incorporated “rainbows” into the design, complementing the building’s “cloud” theme. The main entrance courtyard features a semi-circular moon shape to guide visitors in, while the central courtyard includes a quarter-sun design with sandpits and slides representing the sun’s rays. A rainbow pathway extends from the main entrance, winding through the entrance and central courtyards, encircling the southern building block, and returning to the start. This loop design reflects children’s natural love for running in circles. Nearby, we’ve also created a rest area for teachers.

▼东南鸟瞰，south-east Ariel view©存在建筑摄影

▼南立面，south elevation©存在建筑摄影

▼次庭院，secondary courtyard©存在建筑摄

儿童为中心，倡导包容性和可持续性

Children-centered, Promote inclusion and sustainability

我们特别关注幼儿园这个微型环境对儿童的影响。设计考虑了无台阶入口、宽敞的走廊以及带有老师和小朋友高度不同的楼梯扶手。考虑到儿童的身高和行为特点，班级单元内的空间均是以小朋友的身材比例进行设计，从而方便儿童独立使用，例如设计低矮的洗手池、便池、座椅和储物柜等。

We focus on the impact of this microenvironment on children’s future development. The design includes numerous step-free entrances, wide corridors, and stair railings with separate handrails for teachers and children. Given the height and behavioral characteristics of children, the spaces within the classroom units are designed proportionally to their size to facilitate independent use. For example, features such as low sinks, toilets, seating, and storage cabinets are all designed with children’s dimensions in mind.

▼一层廊下空间，space under the corridor©存在建筑摄影

首层教室直通庭院的设计手法，一来让廊下空间扩大了活动范围，二来为雨天室外活动提供了条件。方案设计了灵活宽敞的多功能厅，两层的挑高即可满足小朋友的才艺展示，也能兼顾未来学校周边的社区聚会，从而促进社区互动和提高社区凝聚力。在方案推进过程中，业主邀请了相关部门负责人、老师代表和社区成员，和我们共同讨论和商榷方案的细节，这种形式的交流增加了未来使用者对建筑的归属感，并确保设计符合使用者的需求。

The ground-floor classrooms connect directly to the courtyard, and the corridor space provides a spot for children to gather briefly and shield them from wind and rain. The design features a flexible, spacious multifunctional area, including a two-story high multifunctional room that accommodates various activities. This space is versatile enough for children’s artistic and athletic displays, as well as future community gatherings, fostering social interaction and enhancing community cohesion. Throughout the design process, the client engaged relevant department heads, teachers, and community members to discuss and refine the details of the plan. This involvement has increased the future users’ sense of ownership and ensured that the design truly meets their needs.

▼二层连廊空间，corridor space at upper level©存在建筑摄影

▼主庭院和粉色楼梯，main courtyard and pink staircase©存在建筑摄影

为了尽可能缩短工期按时开园，幼儿园的每个班级单元都做到了模块化设计。项目还采用了智能化建筑管理系统，自动调节照明、空调、通风等系统，以优化能源使用。

在景观方案中考虑了海绵设计，缓解了城市雨水径流，减少了对市政供水的需求，例如雨水收集系统用于灌溉植物箱，灰水处理系统实现废水的循环利用。设计还融入了雨水花园等，不仅美化了环境，调节了微型气候，还增加了天空之城的生物多样性。

To achieve rapid construction and expedite the opening of the kindergarten, each classroom unit has been modularized. The project also incorporates a smart building management system that automatically adjusts lighting, air conditioning, and ventilation to optimize energy use. In the landscape design, the client required compliance with resilience design. Therefore, we included a rainwater collection system for irrigating plant beds, a graywater treatment system for recycling wastewater and reducing municipal water demand, and features such as rain gardens. These elements not only enhance the environment and regulate the microclimate but also reduce stormwater runoff and increase biodiversity within the kindergarten.