卡萨里科社区公园丨瑞士

2024/08/22 11:53:15

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De Molfetta Strode Landscape Architects

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De Molfetta Strode Landscape Architects

De Molfetta Strode Landscape Architects：卡萨里科社区公园位于瑞士南部，地处高山和地中海沿岸环境的交汇处，因此这里的植物群落种类繁多。该地区温和的气候和丰富的地质造就了这郁郁葱葱的景观，与不具特色的城市扩张形成鲜明对比。在此背景下，新社区便选址在卢加诺市零散的郊区与森林、山脉和湖泊等自然保护区之间。近期气候变化研究表明，在未来几十年内，卢加诺市的气候将更加接近意大利那不勒斯的平均气候，这是本项目确定其生态策略和制定适应气候变化植物配置方式的基础前提。

De Molfetta Strode Landscape Architects: Casarico Park is located in southern Switzerland, at the intersection of alpine and Mediterranean environments, which results in a wide range of plant communities. The mild climate and rich geology of the region generate lush landscapes that juxtapose the anonymous urban sprawl characterizing the valleys. Within this context the new neighborhood sits at the threshold between the fragmented suburbs of the city of Lugano and its protected natural areas of forests, mountains, and lakes. However, recent research on climate change indicates that within the next decades the city’s climate will be closer to the average climate of Naples, Italy. This is the premise for the ecological strategy of the project and for the definition of resilient plantings for climate change.

新社区的规划从景观角度进行构思，凝结了建筑师和景观设计师通力合作的心血成果。该项目旨在定义一种可持续的居住方式，使社区沉浸在广阔的、富有表现力的、互联的公园体系之中，从而减少对周围环境的影响。卡萨里科社区公园占地 4 公顷，由 5 栋四层住宅楼组成，它们分别位于不同标高的坡地上。园区景观包括一个游乐场、一片俯瞰湖面的中央草坪和一个公共广场，以及私密的树林空间和供人安静沉思的角落。

The planning of the residential area is conceived through the landscape perspective and is the result of a collaborative effort between architects and landscape architects from the very beginning. The project aims to define a sustainable way of living in housing units that are immersed in an extensive, performative and interconnected park system, reducing the environmental impact on the surrounding context. Consisting of 5 four-storey residential buildings placed at different elevations across a 4-hectare sloping site. The landscape of Casarico Park includes a playground, a central lawn overlooking the lake and a public square, as well as intimate tree groves and nooks for quiet contemplation.

▽公园平面图 Master Plan

▽广阔互联且富有表现力的社区公园环境 An extensive, performative and interconnected park system

本项目的景观设计理念有三：生态连续性、现场雨水管理和全场域公共可达性。各景观层在这里汇聚成为一条中央路径，在这个以私密空间为主的社区中形成公共流线，同时确保地表径流在百年一遇的暴雨情况下也能得到有效管理，并整合区域森林生态走廊。社区内的斜向路径亦被称为橡树小路，由冬青栎和栓皮栎组成的连续林冠沿途分布，将建筑和开放空间联系在一起。

Three main ideas drive the landscape design concept: ecological continuity, on-site stormwater management, and public accessibility across the site. All the different landscape layers converge here into a central pathway that allows for public circulation within a mostly private neighborhood, while guaranteeing the management of surface water up to 100-year storm events and the integration of a regional-scale forested ecological corridor. This diagonal path, called Oak Path and characterized by a consistent canopy of holm and cork oaks, which ties together the buildings and the open spaces.

橡树小路沿线不间断的种植和集水系统为昆虫、小型哺乳动物和鸟类建立了一条连续的生态走廊，将北部的森林与Muzzano湖野生动物保护区连接起来。将地形建模和沿主路建造三个蓄水池作为关键策略，对所有地表径流进行重新引导、收集和截留。来自场地和建筑屋顶的雨水汇聚到中央蓄水池，通过植物修复技术进行过滤和净化，在社区的核心地带创造出一个野生动物栖息地。

The uninterrupted plantings and water collection system along Oak Path establish a continuous ecological corridor for insects, small mammals and birds that connects the woods to the North with the protected wildlife reserve of Lake Muzzano. The key strategy for the redirection, collection, and retention of all the surface runoff lies in the topographic modelling and the creation of three water retention basins along the main path. Stormwater from the site and roofs of the buildings converges to the central basins where it is filtered and cleaned through phytoremediation, creating a wildlife habitat at the core of the neighborhood.

设计中所有材料和纹理的选择都与风化、简朴和季节变化这一共同主题相呼应。具体体现在特意使用了粗料着色混凝土，与场地内的天然岩层融为一体，同时也体现在用当地森林管理部门回收的黑石灰石制作的家具上。废弃的黑石灰岩块被放置在斜坡上，起到固坡护坡的作用，并促进喜碱性植被的生长。在整个园区中，绿叶植被的绿色调与黑色混凝土体块形成鲜明对比，这有助于缓解城市热岛效应，并为居民提供必要的私密性和遮阳效果。

Similarly, all material and texture choices for the design of Casarico Park respond to a common theme of weathering, simplicity and seasonal change. This is visible in the deliberate use of rough pigmented concrete which blends with the natural rocky outcrops present on the site and in the furniture made of reclaimed black locust wood, sourced from local forest management. Discarded black limestone blocks are placed for slope stabilization and foster the growth of alkaline-loving vegetation. Likewise, across the park the green tones of the leafy vegetation stand in stark contrast with the black concrete volumes helping with the mitigation of the urban heat island effect, as well as providing the necessary level of privacy and shade for the residents.

最后，卡萨里科公园的上半部分被设计成“静待的景观”，意在将此区域暂时作为公共公园提供给社区使用，但仍由私人来进行管理。这里是旧农舍所在之处，经过翻新改造后成为当地的社区中心，为更广泛的社区带来了新的活力。中心周围的花园空间包括一个咖啡厅、一个地掷球场、一个与山坡嵌合的露天剧场（用于举办公共活动）、一个橄榄树点缀的瞭望小丘、一个开放式果园和社区菜园。在未来的几十年里，这片地势较高的区域将刻意保持其未开发的状态，以营造低维护成本的野生动物保护区，增加生物多样性并造福整个社区。

Lastly, the upper portion of Casarico Park is designed as a landscape-in-waiting, which has been temporarily made available as a public park to the community while remaining privately managed. This is where the old farmhouse stands and its renovation and transformation into the local community center is bringing new life to the broader neighborhood. The garden surrounding the center includes a café terrace, a bocce court, an open-air theater carved in the hillside for public events, an olive-dotted mound with lookout, a public orchard and community vegetable gardens. This higher part of the site will be intentionally left undeveloped for the next couple of decades, in order to create a low-maintenance wildlife area that adds biodiversity for the benefit of the entire neighborhood.