Kokkedal 气候适应城市游乐场丨丹麦丨Schønherr

Kokkedal气候适应城市游乐场是一个大型城市项目，旨在抵御气候变化，改造并改善社区的生活环境，尤其是在该社区经常面临洪水的威胁和社会不安定因素的情况下，希望通过该项目为这个不乏犯罪、不安全隐患和冲突的地区带来新的城市形象。

Climate Adaption Kokkedal is a large-scale urban project with the goal of climate-proofing, renovating and improving the neighborhood, which had issues with frequent flooding and social unrest—characterized by crime, insecurity, and conflict zones scattered throughout the area.

▼城市游乐场区域鸟瞰，aerial view of the urban playground part © Carsten Ingemann

Kokkedal地区占地69公顷，与Usserød河接壤，因此近年来遭受了严重的洪灾威胁。落成后的项目服务范围将辐射到整个地区，包括：学校、日托所、养老院、未开发的洪泛区、众多公寓楼，以及两座大型补贴住房综合体。项目的设计具有双重目的，包括：储存洪水、增强雨水的就地贮存延时，同时改善城市生活环境。

The 69-ha area in Kokkedal borders Usserød River and consequently suffered severe flooding in recent years. The area encompasses a school, a daycare, a nursing-home, an undeveloped floodplain area, many apartment buildings including two large, subsidized housing-complexes.  The project-purpose was twofold: to store floodwater and increase surface delay of rainwater – while improving urban life.

▼鸟瞰，aerial view © Carsten Ingemann

▼顶视图，top views © Carsten Ingemann

项目内包含了广泛的气候适应性策略，整个场地中设置了大约35个干预节点，因此该场地能够贮存相当于5年的当地雨水总量，在特大暴雨时期也能够保证当地不会受到任何严重的损害。这种雨水贮存措施消除了当地未来30-40年的洪水风险，同时，其附带的空间则可以作为雨水管理和社会活动空间，如：花园、活动区、运动跑道、自然游乐场，以及可用于学校科学教育的场所。

The project contains an extensive catalogue of solutions for climate adaption with approximately 35 points of intervention. Rainwater is retained in basins and volumes which a capacity of a 5-year occurrence – larger rainfalls can still be managed without any serious damage occurring. The implemented rainwater retention has eliminated the risk of flooding for the next 30-40 years, and the sub-projects function both as rainwater management and socially activating spaces, such as gardens, activity areas, exercise paths, nature playgrounds, and areas that can be used for schools’ science education.

▼生态雨水公园部分，aerial view of ecological rainwater park © Carsten Ingemann

▼步行桥与小码头，bridge and pier © Carsten Ingemann

▼顶视图，top views © Carsten Ingemann

▼栈道，walkway © Steffen Stampe

▼栈道，walkway © Leif Tuxen

▼修复后的生态环境，restored ecological environment © Carsten Ingemann

在过去，雨水管理系统被隐藏在地下管道中，而如今雨水管理系统则在地表，并为城市提供了新的娱乐可能性。雨水将沿着水流从较小的盆地流到浸水通道和沟渠中，最后汇入大盆地和Usserød河。此外，所有的雨水都将经过雨水床或水池等设施，进而得到一定程度上的净化。

Whereas rainwater used to be hidden underground in pipelines, the rainwater management is now made visible in a system on the surface, offering new recreational urban possibilities. It is now possible to follow the water course from the smaller basins to the soak-ways and trenches, until it reaches the large basins and Usserød River. All the water is led through cleansing elements such as rainwater beds and basins.

▼水池与湿地具有强大的雨水贮存能力，pools and wetlands have a strong rainwater storage capacity © Steffen Stampe

▼顶视图，top view © Thøger Sørensen

▼湿地，wetland © Steffen Stampe

蓝色与绿色生态空间如今都成为了Kokkedal的重要组成部分。曾经的Usserød河水质很不理想，也失去了生态平衡。而如今，水生生态得到改善，自然得到了恢复，生物多样性也得到了加强，当地的自然物种进而更加丰富。此外，设计师还在不同的休闲区设置了许多绿色滞留盆地或干池塘，因此现在该地区的植被和树木已经发生了很大的变化。项目中的景观设计内容还包括了一系列的当地主题花园，例如摩洛哥花园，花园中的水池提升了场地雨水贮存的能力，同时这些花园也可以在需要时被淹没。

Both blue and green elements are now integrated parts of Kokkedal. The water-quality in Usserød stream used to be poor and out of balance. Now the aquatic ecology is improved, and biodiversity is increased by nature restoration resulting in a more species-rich nature. Adding the many green detention basins, or dry ponds, created in different recreational areas, there is now a great variation in vegetation and planting. An example is a series of local theme gardens, e.g. the Moroccan Garden, with basins that provide rainwater retention capacity so the garden can be flooded if needed.

▼顶视图，top view © Thøger Sørensen

▼路边公共花园，public garden along the street © Thøger Sørensen

▼户外城市家具，urban furniture © Leif Tuxen

▼摩洛哥花园，the Moroccan Garden © Leif Tuxen

▼细部，details © Ole Fryd

该项目重新思考并连接了支离破碎的城市区域，为居民们提供了亲近自然的机会，同时还为人们提供了新的娱乐可能性，增强了当地人们的身份认同感，提高了居民的安全感，同时最重要的，提升了当地储存洪水的能力。新的社交聚会空间、广场、运动和休闲场所对人们的健康产生了积极的影响。

The project rethinks and connects fragmented urban areas and brings nature closer to the residents – and has provided new recreational possibilities, a stronger local identity and increased safety to residents, while storing floodwater. New meeting points, squares, and places to exercise and practice sports all influence positively on individual wellbeing.

▼鸟瞰，aerial view © Thøger Sørensen

▼顶视图，top view  © Steffen Stampe

▼足球场，football field © Carsten Ingemann

▼自行车/滑板公园，bike/skate park © Carsten Ingemann

▼攀岩墙，climbing wall © Carsten Ingemann

▼水渠，canal © Carsten Ingemann

▼细部，details © Carsten Ingemann

某项针对本项目的调查研究指出：新的城市空间，除了解决雨水管理的技术性问题外，还形成了更广泛的文化、社会、活动和美学教育的基础。本项目以具有开放性和互惠性的社会和文化空间，提升了当地人们的安全感和舒适感。该研究特别指出，目前在使用这些城市空间的人群中，妇女和女孩人数大大增加。居民们也反馈说，该项目为他们提供了一种新的亲近自然的方式，他们十分喜欢在这些绿色区域中举办大型聚会，这些区域现在变得富有吸引力且易于进入。

A research project concludes that the new urban spaces, in addition to solving the technical rainwater challenges, also form the basis for a much broader cultural, social, activity and aesthetic boost. There is a new openness and reciprocity in the district’s social and cultural spaces, and the project has increased security and homeliness for all. The research project specifically points to the fact that a significantly larger number of women and girls are now using the urban areas. Residents report a new closeness to nature, and they enjoy large gatherings on the green areas that are now inviting and accessible.

▼总平面图，master plan © Schønherr