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长沙市南雅中学图书馆丨中国长沙丨中机国际罗劲工作室

2024/09/04 13:54:33

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01 项目选址 Project Site Selection

对于一个原有的完整的校区而言，增建的建筑选址尤为重要。在充分理解学校师生对于图书馆的需求后，我们从选址开始介入，它既要满足功能要求，又不能破坏原有大格局。南雅中学是一座环境优美的园林式校园，当时选址一位于学校主大门南侧，为校园门户区，周边为现有的公共绿地及入口广场，场地高差较大；选址二紧邻教学核心区域，使用方便，但需拆除现状用地内合班教室；选址三临近未名湖，视野较好，但远离教学区紧邻学生运动场地，噪音干扰较大。最终我们结合经济性、便利性以及时效性确定选址一。于是，如何化解场地高差，减少项目对原有环境的影响，成为我们设计的核心问题。

▼图书馆选址，Library Site Selection © 罗劲工作室

For an existing campus which is relatively integrated, the site selection of the additional building is particularly important. After fully understanding the needs of teachers and students for the library, we started to get involved from the site selection, which has to meet the functional requirements and not disrupt the original overall layout. Nanya Middle School has a garden-style campus with beautiful landscape. At the beginning, we picked up three locations for the site. The first one was located on the south side of the school’s main gate. It is the campus gateway area, surrounded by existing public green space and entrance squares, and the site height difference is large. Another one is close to the campus’s core area, which is convenient to use, but if so, the existing classrooms may need to be demolished. The last one is close to the Weiming Lake, which is located at the side of the campus site with a good view. This site is far away from the teaching area and close to the student sports field, with high noise interference. Finally, we chose Site One in light of economy, convenience, and time schedule conditions. Therefore, how to resolve the site height difference and reduce the impact of the project on the original environment has become the main challenge of our design.

▼一座看似开放却又隐藏在原有坡地中的图书馆，A library that seems open but is hidden in the terrain © 夏至

02 顺势而生书山雅韵 Emerge naturally, Book Mountain with charm

选址位于校园核心景观前区，同时在校园整体规划中，又与西南角的未名湖遥相呼应，在教学区的南北两侧，是一山一水的巧妙格局。新建图书馆的建设除了是教学区的功能延展外，同时也是核心景观的重要组成部分，为了充分利用坡地地形和场地环境，突出建筑文化内涵，设计将场地划为三级台地，采用简洁的体块堆叠、退台来顺应场地坡度形成顺势而生的“书山”形象，退台外的弧形外廊与周边的山体和台阶无缝对接，充满雅致韵味的空间形态还原了校园门户的坡地场景，打造了一座看似开放却又隐藏在原有坡地中的图书馆。让师生们再一次经过的时候，感觉到似曾相识又充满惊喜和回味。

▼建筑形体生成，Building Form Generation©罗劲工作室

The site is located in the front area of the core landscape of the campus. At the same time, in the overall planning of the campus, it echoes the Weiming Lake in the southwest corner. On the north and south sides of the teaching area, there is an ingenious pattern of landscape and water feature. The construction of the new library is not only the functional extension of the teaching area but also an important part of the core landscape. In order to make the most use of the sloping terrain and site environment and highlight the cultural connotations of the building, the design divides the site into three terraces like cascades. The simple volume stacking and setback are used to conform to the site slope to form the image of a “book mountain” emerging naturally. The arc-shaped outer corridor outside the setback is seamlessly connected with the surrounding hills and steps. The space form restores the sloping terrain of the campus portal and creates a library that seems open but is hidden in the terrain. When the teachers and students pass by again, they will feel a sense of déjà vu with surprise and aftertaste.

▼黄昏中宁静的图书馆，The peaceful library at dusk©夏至

03 流动空间功能复合 Flowing Space, Compound Function

中学图书馆既没有大学图书馆的建筑体量，也没有社会公益图书馆的社会使命，我们的设计目标是构建一个可提供更广泛活动空间的复合场所，创造多样的连接与交流。依山就势的图书馆增加了师生们的可达性，从多个标高多条路径与不同楼层自然连通。每层室外均设置了出挑深远的大平台，形成有趣的檐下空间，增加了师生在期间交流学习偶遇的可能性，改变了传统校园图书馆相对严肃，拘谨的空间特点。功能上除了常规的阅览室、自习室，更多的是无固定意义的开放空间：小树屋、大台阶、朗读亭、咖啡吧，它们无处不在，充满了浪漫的气息。

▼图书馆出入口，Library entrance and exit©罗劲工作室

The middle school library does not have the building volume of a university library nor the social mission of a public welfare library. Our design goal is to build a compound place that can provide a wider range of activity spaces and create diverse connections and communications.

The library built follows the terrain increases the accessibility for teachers and students, and is naturally connected with different floors from multiple elevations and paths. Large platforms with deep overhangs are set up outdoors on each floor, forming interesting spaces under the eaves, providing a place for teachers and students to communicate and learn, and differing form the relatively serious and restrained spatial characteristics of the traditional library.

In terms of function, in addition to the regular reading rooms and study rooms, there are more undefined open spaces: small ‘tree houses’, large steps, reading pavilions, coffee bars. They are everywhere, full of a romantic atmosphere.

▼出挑深远的大平台，Selected major platforms©罗劲工作室

▼平台间的联系楼梯，starcase connectes terraces©罗劲工作室

▼无固定意义的开放空间，Undefined open spaces©夏至

▼无固定意义的开放空间，Undefined open spaces©罗劲工作室

▼阅览室，reading room©罗劲工作室

04 自然消隐森临其境 Natural Disappearance, Forest Immersion

设计通过体块堆叠、错动、扭转等要素削弱建筑实体的存在感，使建筑呈“台阶”状嵌入山体，与环境融为一体，形成顺应场地地形的流动性建筑。图书馆屋面通过景观微地形设计与坡顶原有校园道路自然衔接，建筑与场地的界线变得模糊，增强了建筑感知的趣味性和场地漫游的空间体验。流动的建筑与景观打破直线的呆板和无趣，仿佛述说着似水流年。通过内部庭院、通高的绿植空间、室外平台上的错位洞口、屋顶微地形等不同维度的景观设计有机串联起建筑纵横双向的实用空间。底层保留现状大树和景观肌理，建筑室内室外交相辉映，营造出漫步花海，森临其境的感觉。

The design diluted the presence of the building entity through elements such as block stacking, dislocation, and twisting, so that the building is embedded in the hill with a stepped shape, integrated with the landscape and forms a fluid/nonsolid complex that conforms to the terrain of the site.

The roof of the library is naturally connected with the original campus road on the top of the slope through the landscape micro-topography design, blurring the boundary between the building and the site, enhancing the fun of building perception and the spatial experience of site roaming.

The flowing architecture and landscape break the dullness and boredom of straight lines, as if telling the passing of time.

Through the internal courtyard, the double height space for greens to grow, the dislocated openings on the outdoor platform, the roof micro-topography and other different dimensions of landscape design, the vertical and horizontal practical space of the building is organically connected.

The existing old and beautiful trees and landscape texture are retained on the lower floor, and the indoor and outdoor of the building complement each other, creating a feeling of walking in an ocean of flowers and being immersed in the forest.

▼图书馆屋面/流动的建筑与景观，Library roof/Flowing architecture and landscape©夏至

▼流动的建筑与景观，Flowing architecture and landscape©夏至

▼景观平台，landscaped rooftop © 黄磊

▼景观平台，landscaped rooftop© 黄磊

▼室外平台上的错位洞口，Misaligned openings on outdoor platforms©夏至

▼阅览室东南侧庭院，Southeast courtyard of the reading room©夏至

05 绿色低碳，被动优先 Green and low-carbon, passive priority

建在坡地上的建筑一般会面临结构挡墙处理、采光通风不利等各种问题，我们在设计之初均有所考虑。建筑东南侧为略低于屋面的坡地山体，不利于以东南风为主导风向的夏季自然通风。受传统建筑窄巷的启发，在建筑与坡地之间设置一条通长的通风道并且与建筑中部的庭院相通，这些通风道就像垂直交叉的“风之隧道”，可以捕捉各个方向的风，有利于风压通风的形成；屋顶上两个垂直开口就像两个烟囱，有利于热压通风的形成，所以水平的通风道和竖向开口就把建筑变成了一个可以自行调节自然通风的装置，极大地改善了原本不利的通风现状。建筑在退台边缘设置挑檐既可以为室内提供水平遮阳，也可以形成水平线性的兜风口，有利于外墙上正负压差的形成，为室内提供风压通风。▼建筑与坡地之间的通风道，Ventilation ducts between buildings and slopes©罗劲工作室

▼根据风环境模拟设置竖向开口，Set vertical openings based on wind environment simulation©罗劲工作室

Buildings built on slopes generally face various problems such as structural retaining wall treatment and poor lighting and ventilation, which we had considered at the beginning of the design. The southeast side of the building is a sloped hill slightly lower than the roof, which is not conducive to natural ventilation in summer with southeast wind as the dominant wind direction. Inspired by the narrow alleys of traditional buildings, a long ventilation duct is set between the building and the slope and connected to the courtyard in the middle of the building. These ventilation ducts are like vertically crossed “wind tunnels” that can capture wind from all directions and are conducive to the formation of wind pressure ventilation; the two vertical openings on the roof are like two chimneys, which are conducive to the formation of hot pressure ventilation, so the horizontal ventilation ducts and vertical openings turn the building into an instrument that can adjust natural ventilation by itself, greatly improving the original unfavorable ventilation situation. Setting up overhangs at the edge of the setback can not only provide horizontal shading for the interior, but also form a horizontal linear vent, which is conducive to the formation of positive and negative pressure differences on the exterior wall and provides wind pressure ventilation for the interior.

▼退台边缘的挑檐，The eaves at the edge of the retreat platform©夏至

▼退台形成的室外大平台，The outdoor large platform formed by the retreat of the platform©夏至

阅览室东南侧尺度适宜的庭院，以及室外平台和屋面设置的导光管，将室外光线更高效地导入阅览室，使人们无论在阅览室的哪个角落都能享受到均匀、舒适的自然光照。

支护与建筑靠山的外墙脱开，且建筑底层也是局部架空，建筑的背面和底面都没有直接接触土壤，既有利于坡地的排水，又避免了外墙渗水和防潮。

The well sized courtyard on the southeast side of the reading room, as well as the light guides installed on the outdoor platform and roof, bring outdoor light into the reading room more efficiently, so that people can enjoy uniform and comfortable natural light in any corner of the reading room.

▼建筑采光，Daylight©罗劲工作室

这个藏在山坡中的建筑虽然体量不大，但短短一年的时间里，开过学术沙龙，办过画展，举行过音乐会，承载过孩子们的别样欢乐。当某一天孩子们离开时回想起她来，她或许就是师生们未来记忆中最温暖的一瞬。

Although this building hidden in the hillside is not large, in just one year, it has opened academic salons, held art exhibitions, concerts, and hosted children’s unique joy. One day when the children graduated from the school and recall of this place, it may be becomes the warmest moment in their future memories.