Tikhoye 湖生态修复丨俄罗斯丨Novascape+Brusnika Design

Tikhoye湖位于俄罗斯西伯利亚的Tyumen镇，靠近Brusnika事务所设计的住宅区项目。这座小而浅的沼泽湖泊在20世纪70年代之前曾经要宽阔得多，但由于混乱的城市开发，湖泊逐渐缩小。因此，在进行住宅区建设时，建筑师决定对湖泊进行修复并美化湖岸，从而将新的社区与湖岸连接起来。

Tikhoye lake is located in Russian town Tyumen, in Siberia, near a residential area project designed by the development company Brusnika. A small, shallow and boggy Tikhoye lake was much wider up to the 1970s, but affected by chaotic urban development, it gradually shrank. As a result, while working on the residential area, it was decided to restore the reservoir and landscape its shoreline, thus linking the new quarter to the lake shore.

▼项目概览，Overall of the project © Alexander Saskov, Maxim Loskutov

▼鸟瞰湖泊，Aerial view of the lake © Alexander Saskov, Maxim Loskutov

项目团队将该生态修复过程分为几个阶段。初步阶段是对湖泊的生态评估，包括对其水质和土壤。这项工作由Brusnika与北乌拉尔州立农业大学、俄罗斯生态学会以及ECOSTANDARD集团合作完成。根据研究结果，项目团队提出了关于生物多样性、岸线稳定、清淤和鱼类放养的建议，并制定了自然区修复的战略。

The project team divided the revitalisation process into several stages. The initial step comprised ecological evaluation of the lake, its water and soil. This was accomplished by Brusnika in collaboration with the The State Agrarian University of The Northern Trans-Urals, the Russian Ecology Society and ECOSTANDARD Group. Based on the results of the research, recommendations concerning biodiversity, shoreline stabilisation, dredging and fish stocking were formulated and a strategy to restore the natural site was developed.

▼第一阶段调研过程，Phase 1. Research process © Alexander Saskov, Maxim Loskutov

▼第一阶段调研，Phase 1. Research © Alexander Saskov, Maxim Loskutov

▼第一阶段调研 – 水质与湖中的鸭子，Phase 1. Research process – Water condition and ducks © Alexander Saskov, Maxim Loskutov

湖泊修复的第二阶段是植树造林。湖区种植了多种植物，从岸边一直延伸到水边，包括：柳树、榆树、杨树、白桦、山楂、接骨木、芦苇、香蒲、溪藨草和莎草等。由湿地植物构成的浮动生物平台，能够为水体增氧并维持该自然区域的生物多样性。此外，这些平台还将成为鸟类的筑巢地以及鱼类的食物来源。

The second phase of lake revitalization involves its afforestation. The lake’s area was filled with a variety of plants cascading down to the water’s edge—willows, elms, poplars, birches, barberries, elderberries, reeds, cane, brooklime, bulrushes, and sedges. Floating bio-platforms made of wetland plants are responsible for enriching the water with oxygen and maintaining the biodiversity of the natural site. These platforms will become nesting sites for birds and a food source for fish.

▼第二阶段，通过人工水坝抽水来清洁流域，Phase 2. Pumping water over a dam © Alexander Saskov, Maxim Loskutov

第三阶段旨在建设一座带有人行道和自行车道的公园。公园围绕在湖泊及其周边地区，以一系列雨水花园为特色，目前专家们的研究已为该计划奠定了基础。这些花园将过滤雨水径流，并将其引入湖泊中。

The third stage of revitalisation involves the creation of a park with pedestrian and bicycle paths. Around the lake and on the territories adjacent to it, Brusnika projects will feature rain gardens (currently, specialists have laid the foundation for them). These gardens will filter stormwater runoff and direct it into the reservoir.

▼生态河岸，Ecological riverbank © Alexander Saskov, Maxim Loskutov

▼亲水平台，Waterfront platform © Alexander Saskov, Maxim Loskutov

▼钓鱼的游人，People fishing in the lake © Alexander Saskov, Maxim Loskutov

▼水上走道，Water walkway © Alexander Saskov, Maxim Loskutov

▼亲水平台成为市民的社交聚会场所，The platform became a social gathering place for citizens © Alexander Saskov, Maxim Loskutov

湖泊恢复的最后阶段是放养鱼类。2024年春季，约50公斤鲤鱼和各100公斤白鲢鱼及鳙鱼被放入了静湖。在放养之前，专家们进行了相关研究，测量了水深，绘制了湖泊地图，采集了水样，并确定了最适应该环境的鱼类。鲤鱼、白鲢鱼和鳙鱼相辅相成，有助于它们的生存。鲤鱼在湖底觅食，翻动底泥，将部分水生植物连根拔起；白鲢鱼（也称水牛）以草和藻类为食，拾取鲤鱼遗留的食物；鳙鱼则像湖泊的清道夫，张口游动，过滤水中的一切杂质，净化水质。

The final stage of lake revitalization is fish stocking. In the spring of 2024, approximately 50 kg of carp and 100 kg each of silver carp and bighead carp were released into Tikhoye Lake. Prior to the fish stocking, specialists conducted relevant studies, measured the depth, created a lake map, collected water samples, and determined which species would best adapt to the conditions. Carp, silver carp, and bighead carp complement each other and aid in their survival. Carp digs the bottom and eats everything on it, uprooting vegetation. Silver carp, or water cow, eats grass and algae, picking up what the carp leaves behind. Bighead carp, the lake’s sanitation worker, swims with its mouth open, collects everything in the water column, and filters the water.

▼鸟瞰，Aerial view at dusk © Alexander Saskov, Maxim Loskutov

▼夕阳中的水上走道，Water walkway in the sunset © Alexander Saskov, Maxim Loskutov

▼夕阳中的亲水平台，The waterfront platform at dusk © Alexander Saskov, Maxim Loskutov

▼修复后的湖泊为鸟类提供了生态栖息地，The restored lake provides an ecological habitat for birds © Alexander Saskov, Maxim Loskutov

▼总体轴测图，Axonometric diagram © Brusnika

▼Tikhoye湖域采用的植物修复技术，The technology of phytoremediation on Tikhoye Lake © Brusnika

Credits

Surface area — 2700 m²

Water volume — 18 000 m³

Lake depth — 2,5 m

40 000 trees

100 000 shrubs

54 000 wetland plants

Project team

Ecological research — The State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, the Russian Ecology Society, ECOSTANDARD Group

Landscape design — Novascape, Brusnika Design

Development and landscape — Brusnika

Photo — Alexander Saskov, Maxim Loskutov

Research — 2020

Project — 2020-2021

Completion — 2021-2024