北京爱哲未来学校丨中国北京丨hyperSity殊至建筑

2024/10/17 14:23:48

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01 回望教育空间 the Review of Educational Space

古代的教育，曾充盈着自然的气息，学生们能够尽情发挥天性。明代著名画家仇英《稚子闹学图》展示了古代“神兽”们在村学里玩闹的情景，乘着先生打瞌睡时，四处嬉戏、捣蛋和装鬼脸，把书室弄得翻天覆地。氛围是轻松愉悦的，户外与室内界限被打破，连结着深厚的师生情谊。

▼结构序列，Layout of the structure

Ancient education, once filled with the breath of nature, students can give full play to their nature. The Ming Dynasty famous painter Qiu Ying “village children noisy learning picture” shows the ancient “god beasts” in the village learning play scene, in the gentleman doze off, play around, mischief and face, the library earth-shaking. The atmosphere is relaxed and pleasant, largely due to the boundary break between the outdoor space and the interior and the harmonious relationship between teachers and students. After the war, western countries made a lot of bold attempts on children’s activity space in humanism.

▼入口大门与门卫室，entrance gate with doorman room © hyperSity

战后的西方国家在人本主义上对儿童活动空间做了很多大胆尝试。荷兰建筑师阿尔多·凡·艾克（Aldo van Eyck）在 1947—1978 年间设计了 700 多个游乐场，大部分在城市的街区，游乐场设计是一种理想化的人文主义空间实验。野口勇的游乐场更加激进，从城市蔓延到大自然，创立了著名的游戏地景（playscape）孩子们可以摆脱对游戏器材的依赖，自主地在里面奔跑、跳跃、滑行、攀爬，创造设计师本尊也不知道的新鲜玩法，对野口勇来说，“I think of playgrounds as a primer of shapes and functions; simple, mysterious, and evocative; thus educational.”

在当代中国的一线城市，教育空间大部分是高密度、垂直型的，承载着高强度的被动式学习行为。陈丹青曾说过：现在孩子很辛苦，从幼儿园开始，学校教育就让孩子变得不像一个孩子。在家里，由“家长欲”的控制下一天到晚被逼着学钢琴、古筝、英文。放眼望去，大城市中并不是每个学校、家庭都在进行真实的教育。在这样的空间下，孩子的身心容易受到禁锢。一不留神还可能患上了美国作家理查德·洛夫在《丛林中的最后一个孩子》提到的“自然缺失症（NDD）”，即与大自然的完全割裂-“被电视、电脑、网络游戏、智能手机等吸引，更喜欢室内玩乐，在自然环境中反而会手足无措，感到无聊，丧失了与自然亲近的本能。从而导致了一系列行为和心理上的问题。”

Dutch architect Aldo van Eke (Aldo van Eyck) designed more than 700 playgrounds between 1947 and 1978, most of them in the city blocks. The playground design is an idealized experiment of humanist space.

Noguchi’s playground is even more radical, Spread from the city to the nature, Founded the famous game landscape (playscape) Children can get rid of the dependence on game equipment, Running, jumping, sliding, climbing inside independently, Create a new gameplay that the designer doesn’t know about, For Mr. Noguchi, “I think of playgrounds as a primer of shapes and functions; simple, mysterious, and evocative; thus educational.”

In China’s first-tier cities, education space is often high-density and vertical. In such a space, children’s body and mind are easily imprisoned. Chen Danqing once said: now the child is very hard, from the kindergarten, school education let the child become not like a child. At home, under the control of “parental desire”, I am forced to learn the piano, guzheng and English. A unwary may also suffer from the American writer Richard love in the last child in the jungle mentioned “natural absence (NDD)”, namely completely split with nature- ” by TV, computer, network games, smart phones, prefer indoor play, but in the natural environment, bored, lost instinct close to nature. This leads to a range of behavioral and psychological problems.” Looking ahead, not every school and family in big cities is conducting real education.

▼入口大门，entrance gate© hyperSity

02重塑校园场景——场域的尺度、设计的适度干预和户外空间

Reformation of Campus Scenarios-Scale of the field, designed moderate intervention, and outdoor space

事实上，中国已经有一些教育先驱在努力挑战强调“纪律、效率、秩序以及标准化”工业时代范式。在北京屈指可数的创新学校，如一土、日日新、探月学院等，爱哲（Agilearning）算是一匹黑马，在创新教育的艰辛与挑战中逐步壮大。爱哲的育人目标，是成为敏捷的终生学习者。

“真正的教育是看清世界的真相-意外是常态、意外是包含诸多的可能性和多样性”，去应对复杂的未来。校长马志娟说过的最打动人的一句话大概意思是这样的：我不确定孩子的未来在哪里，但孩子的当下是最重要的。在爱哲安民未来学校设计项目启动前，校长便向全校教职员工征集对新空间的期待，并分为“我觉得需要有”“如果有……会更好”“万一可以实现”这三种优先级。对爱哲来说，校园不仅是一栋栋的教学楼，教室也不仅仅是满足教学的功能需求，还是承载了爱、安全、亲密的温暖空间。爱哲认为，教育空间不仅仅是建筑设计视角，和学生们朝夕相处的教职员工所拥有的教育视角，也应得到充分的体现。

In fact, there are already some educational pioneers in China trying to challenge the industrial age paradigm of emphasizing “discipline, efficiency, order, and standardization”. There are only a few innovative schools in Beijing, such as Etu, Ririxin, Lunar Exploration Institute, etc. Agilearning is a dark horse, gradually growing in the hardships and challenges of innovative education. Our educational goal is to become an agile and lifelong learner.

“Real education is to see the truth of the world-accidents are the norm, accidents are a lot of possibilities and diversity,” to deal with the complex future. The most touching sentence that the principal Ma Zhijuan once said probably means this: I am not sure where the child’s future is, but the child’s present moment is the most important. Before the launch of the Future School Design Project, the principal solicited expectations for the new space from the staff of the school, and divided them into three priorities: “I think it needs”, “If there is… it would be better” and “if it can be realized”. For Agilearning, the campus is not only a teaching building, the classroom is not only to meet the functional needs of teaching, but also a warm space with love, safety and intimacy. Agilearning believes that the educational space is not only the perspective of architectural design, but also the educational perspective that the faculty and staff who get along with students should be fully reflected.

▼入口广场概览，entrance square overview© hyperSity

新校址位于北京将府公园里，前身是安民学校，即政府为棚户区居民提供的义务教育小学校址，由于快速的城市化棚户区的拆除，安民学校在多年前已经停止使用。原六排平房教室，完全是一种没有被现代化的质朴面孔，但其破旧的面貌让人既喜又惊。面对这样的场地，首先需要放下固有的设计习气，让接地气的场地重塑成未来被多样性使用的模样。场域的尺度、设计的适度干预和户外空间最大化成为爱哲教育的载体。本着环保经济的原则，尽量保留原有能有的资源，确保在校内生活学习的师生的安全；另外则是结合爱哲教学上的功能需求，将各个空间进行功能性的改造，同时融入新的设计语言，融入爱哲的教育理念和教学需求。▼轴测图，axon© hyperSity

The new campus of Agilearning is located in Beijing Jiangfu Park, formerly known as Anmin School, which is the compulsory education primary school site provided by the government for shantytown residents. Due to the rapid demolition of the urban shantytowns, Anmin School has been out of use many years ago.

The original six-row bungalow classroom is a simple face that has not been modernized, but its shabby appearance is both happy and surprised. In the face of such a site, we first need to put down the inherent design habits, so that the ground gas site is reshaped into the appearance of diversified use in the future.

The field scale, moderate intervention and outdoor space maximization become the carrier of Agilearning education. In line with the principle of environmental protection and economy, try to retain the original resources to ensure the safety of teachers and students living and learning in the school; in addition, according to the functional needs of teaching, the functional transformation of each space, into the new design language, into the educational concept and teaching needs of teaching.

▼夏日校园，summer campus© Agilearning

策略一|场域的气质

Strategy 1 | field temperament

低密度的校舍空间和三边环绕的森林环境赋予校园一种生动的力量。就像一个在闹市中自然生成的自给自足小村落，这种舒适的场域尺度需要被强化，被看见，被改善。由于原安民校舍建筑的平房质量堪忧，解决现有场地的一些遗留问题，如安全性检测、加固维修等基础设施整改工作是这个场域功能最大化的很重要的一个环节。

The low-density school building space and the three-sided forest environment surrounding it endow the campus with a vibrant energy. Like a self-sufficient small village that naturally emerged in the bustling city, this comfortable field scale needs to be enhanced, seen, and used. Because the quality of the original Anmin School building’s flat roof was poor, solving some of the legacy issues on the site, such as safety inspections, reinforcement and repair of infrastructure, is an important step in maximizing the function of this field.

▼原始房屋和结构，existed building and structure© hyperSity

由于平房间距较小采光不足，再加上原教室层高较低，教室改造是首要的解决问题。在拆除原教室二次装修的梁下岩棉吊顶后，平房的坡屋顶暴露出传统的木构架，年月久远的木梁出现破裂的状况，在加固完毕后，依次对屋顶瓦片进行铝镁锰板的更换，并对部分木梁粗壮且状态好的教室采取结构裸露的方式。

Because the spacing between the flat roofs was small and there was not enough light, and because the original classroom ceiling height was low. After removing the rock wool ceiling of the original classroom’s secondary renovation, the traditional wooden frame of the flat roof was exposed. The aged wooden beams had broken, and after reinforcement, the aluminum-magnesium-manganese roof tiles were replaced one by one. Some of the thick and well-conditioned wooden beams in the classrooms were left exposed. This allowed for more efficient lighting to be introduced into the various spaces, so that teachers and students could enjoy even and comfortable natural light no matter where they were in the classroom, library, or office. This was the top priority in solving the problems of the teaching space.

▼爱哲客厅，Agilearning lounge© hyperSity

建筑师对平房坡屋顶进行朝北天窗的开启，高举架的天窗教室形成了爱哲独特的特色教室空间。天窗既可以加强室内稳定光源，又可以观察天空的剪影。天窗高效的导入各个空间，使师生无论在教室、图书室、办公室的哪个角落都能享受到均匀、舒适的自然光照。

The architect opened the north-facing skylights on the flat roof to enhance the stability of the indoor light source and to observe the silhouette of the sky. Thus, the high-ceilinged skylight classroom was formed as a unique feature space of Agilearning.

▼高举架的天窗教室，Agilhigh-ceilinged skylight classroom© hyperSity

▼天窗，skylight© hyperSity

策略二 | 设计的适度干预

Strategy 2 | Moderate Intervention in Design

在六排平房的南边是在安民学校使用过程中的后期加盖的彩钢房，是爱哲的多功能教室和室内运动场。由于根据法规这部分房子拆除不能被重建，使用最简单安全低成本的方式去更新这个建筑。彩钢房首先加固它的内部结构，像三明治一样，彩钢房外皮都喷成单一的颜色，那外面加了一层穿孔铝板，内部的灯光可以从穿孔板上的圆孔阵列图案照射出来。同样的改造策略在原有门卫房被使用，在其彩钢房基础上增加雨棚和穿孔铝板。

The south side of the six-row house is a later addition of a color steel building for the Anmin School during its use, which serves as Aze’s multi-functional classroom and indoor sports field. Since this part of the building cannot be rebuilt according to regulations, the simplest, safest, and lowest-cost way to update the building was used. The color steel building was first reinforced internally, like a sandwich, and the color steel exterior was sprayed with a single color. An aluminum plate with perforations was then added on the outside, and the interior light could be projected through the circular array pattern on the perforated plate. The same transformation strategy was used for the original guard house, with a rain canopy and perforated aluminum plate added to the color steel building.

▼多功能教室，multi-functional classroom © hyperSity

▼彩钢房外皮都喷成单一的颜色，exterior sprayed with a single color© hyperSity

▼外面添加的穿孔铝板，added aluminum plate© hyperSity

爱哲的课间是孩子放飞的时间，为了在课间结束时使学生可以迅速找到目的地，六排平房新增的门窗通过色彩系统和造型提高教室辨识度。

The break time is a time for children to let loose at Aze School. In order to help students quickly find their destination after break time, the newly added windows and doors in the six-row house were enhanced with a color system and design to increase the visibility of classrooms.

▼平房教室，classrooms© hyperSity

▼门窗色彩系统，window-door color system© hyperSity

策略三 | 户外空间最大化

Strategy 3 | Maximizing Outdoor Space

曾经在入口广场尽头放置的孔子像，宣告着教师的绝对权威，也缺少人性的尺度。在广场设计中，赋予户外开放空间不同的使用场景，增加主动学习的促进因素。改造后的小广场尺度更加宜人舒适。广场尽头改造后成为弧形镂空墙的“爱哲秘园”，是一个未被定义的开放空间，原有的大树被保留在内。小广场的意义已超越集会的功能，它是一个低密度校园里的开敞空间和日常教学空间。

▼活动场景，playscape © hyperSity

The statue of Confucius that used to be placed at the end of the entrance plaza declared the absolute authority of teachers and lacked human scale. In the plaza design, different uses of outdoor open spaces are given, increasing the promoting factors of active learning. The scale of the small plaza after renovation is more comfortable and human-friendly. The end of the plaza after renovation has become the “Aizhi Secret Garden” with an arc-shaped hollow wall, which is an undefined open space with the original big trees preserved inside. The meaning of the small plaza has gone beyond the function of gathering. It is an open space and daily teaching space in a low-density campus.

▼小广场概览，square overview© hyperSity

▼弧形镂空墙的“爱哲秘园”

Aizhi Secret Garden with an arc-shaped hollow wall© hyperSity

▼秘园内部，inside the Secret Garden© hyperSity

除此之外，在校园里有意的保留和增加了不同功能形式的户外空间，如小广场树下增设了造型凳子，入口通往操场的走道边缘增加种植和展示公告栏，以班级负责制的“一米菜园”等。这种场景不是以大鸟瞰的形式出现，而是发生在校园中的各个角落里，并潜移默化影响着使用这个环境中的每一个人。

In addition, intentional preservation and increase of different functional forms of outdoor spaces are carried out in the campus, such as adding sculptural benches under the trees in the small square, increasing planting and display boards along the walkway leading to the playground, and the “one-meter vegetable garden” managed by classes with the responsibility system. These scenes do not appear in a bird’s eye view form, but occur in various corners of the campus and subtly influence the people using this environment.

▼镂空墙，hollow wall© hyperSity

▼镂空墙，hollow wall© hyperSity

▼“一米菜园”，”one-meter vegetable garden”© Agilearning

03 有机生长的学习聚落 The organic growth of learning settlements

爱哲一直倡导“小孩子，大教育”。新校区启用后，空间尤其充分体现了师生的“主导权”。这个以“人”，以爱哲大小伙伴们的日常使用为出发点的空间环境，不仅仅是为了满足爱哲的教学功能分区，更是爱哲教育理念的体现。

低密度的容积率使孩子们可以随时从教室里走向户外。就像我们“回到了小时候”，坐在靠着窗口的教室，可以马上感知到下雨、下雪这样的四季天气变化；夏天能够听到知了叫声，甚至可能上着课就能看着鸟飞进了教室，总之，是一种和自然接触纯真的状态。

▼活动场景，multiple scenes© hyperSity

Agilearning has always advocated “small children, big education”. After the opening of the new campus surrounded by the park on three sides, the space especially fully reflects the “dominance” of teachers and students. This space environment based on “people” and the daily use of Agilearning partners is not only to meet the teaching function zoning of Agilearning, but also the embodiment of Agilearning’s educational concept. Based on the principle of environmental protection and economy, try to retain the original resources; combine the functional transformation of each space, and the new design language, the educational concept and teaching needs. Finally, it presents a new spatial state. This scene is not in the form of a big bird’s eye view, but in every corner of the campus, and subtly affects the people who use this environment.

▼室外教学，outdoor class©Agilearning

四月，爱哲小广场前的木兰开放。一进入学校，孩子们和老师们就会被簇拥成团的白色花瓣所迷倒。半年后，诗文老师池玉玺给他所在的爱哲书院这个空间取名“木兰堂”，赋诗若干。

In April, Mulan in front of Agilearning small Square opens, as soon as he enters the school, the children and teachers will be fascinated by the white petals surrounded by him. Half a year later, the poetry teacher Chi Yuxi gave the space named Agilearning Academy “Mulan Hall”, and composed several poems.

菩萨蛮

木兰花下徘徊久，

黄昏欲去仍回首。

何事晚归家，惜春数落花。

花残春亦暮，无计留春住。

留影事纷纷，相机空写真。

书院即景

品茶观竹惜流光，

闲坐谈诗兴正长。

风起幽香何处度，

木兰花下木兰堂。

“爱哲秘园”挂着部分师生的“秘语”。七月，爱哲秘园太阳由镂空砖映射在地面形成彩色的神秘光斑，给室外的喧闹中带来静谧的气息。老师们不时组织在大树下的读书分享活动、集会活动。大课间同学们平日在这里自由地进行奔跑、展览、游戏等场景切换，随着四季交替的使用而不断变化和生长。

“The Secret Garden” hangs the “secret language” of some teachers and students. In July, the sun is reflected on the ground by hollow bricks to form a colorful mysterious light spot, bringing a quiet breath to the noise outside. From time to time, teachers organize reading sharing activities and assembly activities under the trees. Students are here to switch freely in running, exhibition, games and other scenes, and constantly change and grow with the alternating use of the four seasons.

对整个校园内部和户外环境系统的改变和提升，使孩子感知所处的空间，对所处环境保持敏感，并参与其中，从而更有可能激发出创造的力量。教育不拘泥于书本和教室的学习，学校周边被公园和各个园区围绕，丰富的人文资源、自然资源和艺术资源等都是孩子们探索学习的角落。这个无限接近自然的校区处处体现了建筑设计与教育的双重视角，成为爱哲师生“共创”“互相赋能”的承载体。

Education is not limited to the study of books and classrooms. The school is surrounded by parks and various parks. The rich cultural resources, natural resources and artistic resources are all the corners for children to explore and learn. The change and improvement of the entire campus internal and outdoor environment system, so that children perceive the space, remain sensitive to the environment, and participate in it, so that it is more likely to stimulate the power of creativity. This campus which is infinitely close to nature embodies the dual perspective of architectural design and education everywhere, and has become the carrier of “creating” and “mutual empowerment” by teachers and students.