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深圳市龙岗河碧道馆丨中国深圳丨刘宇扬建筑事务所

2024/10/24 16:35:53

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2020 年 8 月，广东省人民政府批复实施《广东万里碧道总体规划（2020-2035 年）》，在此背景下，龙岗河流域的治理与建设成为深圳市“五河一湖”示范性碧道项目中重要的一环。碧道展示馆作为整个龙岗河沿岸最大的单体建筑，不仅将为市民提供参观、学习碧道流域整治科普的展览空间，亦兼具驿站售卖、图书借阅的民众服务，同时也为龙岗区水务局和流域管理中心提供更好的日常运营及办公空间。

In August 2020, the People’s Government of Guangdong Province approved and implemented the Guangdong Ten Thousand Miles of Blueway Master Plan (2020-2035). Against this backdrop, the management and development of the Longgang River basin has become a crucial part of Shenzhen’s “Five Rivers and One Lake” exemplary blueway projects. As the largest stand–alone building along the Longgang River, the Blueway Pavilion will not only offer citizens an exhibition space for learning about the blueway’s basin restoration and ecological science but will also provide public services such as rest station sales and book lending, while offering improved daily operational and office space for the Longgang District Water Affairs Bureau and the Basin Management Center.

▼航拍总平面，Ariel view©许元

▼北侧龙岗河看碧道馆，from the north of the river to theBlueway Pavilion©许元

▼南侧入口广场鸟瞰，Ariel view of the South Gate plaza©许元

▼龙园牌坊的高台廊桥与碧道馆的关系，elevated bridge and Blueway Pavilion©许元

▼碧道馆北侧平台，Blueway Pavilion north platform©许元

▼二层的次入口，side entrance for the upper level©许元

碧道馆的选址位于龙岗河沿线重要节点之一——龙园公园的南侧。龙岗区、龙岗河，这些区位名片如今已成为岭南客家文化记忆的载体，对其中传统历史要素的提取、转译，以及文化记忆的传承延续是一个永续常谈的命题，兼具挑战的同时也有巨大的吸引力。龙园公园，作为龙岗中心城区为数不多的滨水开放公园，它既承载着附近居民的日常生活，也是一个精神地标，每逢节假日这里就有集体庆典，使其成为一处集体记忆之地。新建筑功能的引入，不是简简单单的加法，既需要考虑对场地的尊重，更是文化的承载演绎。建筑师在用建筑的方法尽最大力解决功能需求问题的同时，也从策略上综合考虑城市与场地、空间与功能、结构与材料、细部与使用等多方面议题。

▼区位及场地轴线，site map and axis©刘宇扬建筑事务所

The Blueway Pavilion is located at a key node along the Longgang River, on the southern side of Longyuan Park. Longgang District and the Longgang River, as regional landmarks, have become carriers of Lingnan Hakka cultural memory. Extracting, translating, and perpetuating the traditional historical elements within them presents a perpetual topic that is both challenging and immensely appealing. Longyuan Park, one of the few waterfront open parks in central Longgang, carries the daily lives of nearby residents while also serving as a spiritual landmark. During holidays, it becomes a site for collective celebrations, making it a place of shared memory. The introduction of new architectural functions is not just a simple addition; it requires respect for the site and the transmission and interpretation of culture. While the architect strives to address functional needs through architectural solutions, a strategic consideration of multiple aspects such as the relationship between the city and the site, space and function, structure and materials, as well as details and use, is also made.

▼碧道馆南侧入口正立面，main entrance©许元

▼碧道馆南侧入口侧立面，main entrance©许元

▼碧道馆南侧入口广场，south entrance plaza©许元

▼立面局部，facade©许元

考量和处理建筑功能、空间与场地这三者的关系，是本案在设计初始所面临的主要矛盾和核心议题：三角形场地中心是原流域中心办公室——一座半覆土式的单层建筑，其顶部是面向河道缓慢下降的草坡。场地北侧的龙岗河道与坡岸堤顶有接近 4m 到 5m 的高差，堤岸侧壁有美化加固人工仿制的巨石。

▼场地选址意向，site intention©刘宇扬建筑事务所

The key issue at the beginning of the design was how to balance and handle the relationship between the building’s function, space, and the site. At the center of the triangular site was the original basin management office—a semi-buried, single-story building with a grass slope that gently descended toward the river. On the north side of the site, there is a height difference of approximately 4 to 5 meters between the Longgang River channel and the bank embankment, with the embankment reinforced by large, artificially replicated rocks.

▼龙岗河一侧临水步道，waterfront walkway©许元

▼碧道馆北岸临水平台入口，Northside waterfront platform entrance©许元

▼北岸临水平台，Northside waterfront platform ©许元

▼水岸平台的内庭院，inner courtyard ©许元

场地南侧为龙园路，对面即是深圳代表性的高密度城中村握手楼，场地西侧为龙园公园的入口牌坊，其下部是高度接近一层高度的台地；场地东侧为龙园路和河道夹角形成的狭长公园连接带；纵观整个场地，其西北角的榕树组团，沿河岸堤顶排列的树木、原始建筑体量的覆土坡地以及沿岸落差的关系，形成了本场地最为独特的记忆点。

▼场地公共流线分析，site public circulation analysis©刘宇扬建筑事务所

▼空间流线分析，space circulation analysis©刘宇扬建筑事务所

To the south of the site lies Longyuan Road, facing Shenzhen’s representative high-density urban village “handshake buildings”. To the west is the entrance archway to Longyuan Park, with a raised platform nearly as high as a single story. To the east is a narrow park strip formed by the intersection of Longyuan Road and the river. The most distinctive memory points of the site include the banyan tree clusters in the northwest corner, the row of trees along the riverbank embankment, the grass slope covering the original building volume, and the spatial relationship created by the height difference along the riverside.

▼水岸平台的内庭院，inner courtyard©许元

▼与水岸亲近的错落平台，Staggered decks close to the waterfront©许元

因此设计寻找了场地中最具代表性三种要素，作为启动策略：

榕树：全部保留的同时，将市民体验和服务运营空间围绕设置并稍作退让，形成榕树组团与建筑空间结合形成的双层绿廊；

草坡：原单层建筑不得以拆除，但从空间形体上延续从城市向水岸一侧的坡向关系，利用沿河设置的廊架系统，使得建筑空间向景观空间延续转变；

巨石：虽因堤岸加固最后不得不拆除，延续了水岸高差以及建筑临水岸侧的景观、错落平台关系。

Thus, the design identified three of the site’s most representative elements as the starting strategy:

Banyan Trees: All are preserved, with the public experience and service operation spaces arranged around them and slightly set back, creating a dual-layer green corridor formed by the combination of the banyan trees and the building space.

Grass Slope: Although the original single-story building had to be demolished, the spatial form continues the sloping relationship from the city toward the riverside. The colonnade system along the river allows the architectural space to merge into the landscape.

Boulders: Although they had to be removed for embankment reinforcement, the relationship between the riverside height difference and the staggered platforms along the building’s riverside side was retained.

▼北侧临水平台，North side waterfront platform©许元

▼从临水平台庭院看碧道馆，from waterfront platform to the Blueway Pavilion©许元

以此出发，将展厅的体量放置于场地中心，二层的榕树书店与餐厅列于西侧与榕树形成半包围的弧线，办公体量脱开展厅主体列于东侧，顺应河道与城市道路所围合形成的场地边界，形成五边形。

With this approach, the exhibition hall was placed at the center of the site, the two-story Banyan Tree Bookstore and restaurant were positioned to the west, forming a semicircular arc around the banyan trees, and the office building was separated from the main exhibition hall and placed to the east, conforming to the pentagonal boundary formed by the river and the urban roads.

▼碧道馆南侧入口门厅室内，indoor space of Blueway Pavilion©许元

同时设计打破楼层概念，在最高水位线的基础上，以 29.5m/32.5m/34m/37m 等标高区分不同层数。通过在 29.5 米标高处设置不同高度景观平台，反映不同时节的水位高度。当百年一遇汛期来临之时，藏在地面下的翻折式防汛门则会竖起、锁定，防止江水倒灌。整个系统也可作为碧道馆公共教育与展示的一部分。

▼河岸层水位标高，Elevation of water level©刘宇扬建筑事务所

The design also breaks away from traditional floor concepts, dividing the building by levels based on the highest water level lines at elevations of 29.5m, 32.5m, 34m, and 37m, reflecting different water levels throughout the year. When a once-in-a-century flood occurs, a foldable floodgate hidden underground will rise and lock, preventing river water from backflowing. This system can also be part of the pavilion’s public education and exhibition content.

▼室内电梯间，Indoor Lift Room©许元

▼室内楼梯间，staircase©许元

▼一层轻餐饮室内，cafe area at the ground floor©许元

在解决功能、场地、造价等大局层面问题的基础上，我们继续充分挖掘人群流线的可能性，创造出可行、可望、可居、可游、可读的妙境。

After addressing the broader concerns of function, site, and cost, we continued to explore possibilities for circulation and created a delightful space where visitors can walk, view, stay, play, and read:

▼一层轻餐饮室内，cafe area at the ground floor©许元

龙岗河沿岸是市民前来龙园游玩的主流线。在龙岗河南岸，从西向东，在穿过一片茂密的榕树林后，便进入了碧道馆沿河的棚架之下，从棚下可以下台阶至河岸，或进入花园进而进入半地下展厅，也可以一直前行穿越至办公体量东侧的沿河平台。龙园牌坊的高台是龙园的主要出入口之一，从高台可以通过廊桥直接到二层的半室外廊道，廊道向前，可以选择进入书店，或者向下通过钢制楼梯到棚下的花园空间。如果是办公人员，则在紧邻龙园路的停车场及次入口进入，可以通过坡道或楼梯进入二层的，抑或者是通过景观台阶，下半层可以到达流域监控中心。

The main path for visitors to Longyuan Park runs along the Longgang River. On the south bank, visitors can enter the pavilion under a colonnade after passing through a dense banyan forest. From here, they can descend steps to the riverside, enter the garden, and then into the semi-underground exhibition hall, or continue walking eastward to the riverside platform adjacent to the office building. The raised platform at Longyuan Park’s entrance archway, one of the park’s main entry points, provides access to the second-floor semi-outdoor gallery via a bridge. From there, visitors can enter the bookstore or descend a steel staircase to the garden space beneath the colonnade. Office staff can enter through a parking lot near Longyuan Road, taking ramps or stairs to the second floor or using landscaped steps to access the basin monitoring center.

▼龙岗河一侧临水平台，waterfront platform©许元

▼龙岗河一侧临水平台入口，waterfront platform entrance©许元

从南侧的入口门厅进入，是正式的展厅参访流线，首先是一个通高的二层空间，建筑外立面的釉面陶土砖延续进入室内。再往前行进便是一个链接上下展厅和书店的交通核心，人们可以选择通过右手边长坡道进入二层夹层的展厅，进而通过楼梯下至半地下展厅，在通过室外景观台地进入棚下空间。

Entering the main entrance from the south leads to the formal exhibition route, beginning with a two-story atrium space, where glazed ceramic bricks on the building’s exterior continue into the interior. Further along is the vertical circulation core connecting the upper and lower exhibition halls and the bookstore. Visitors can choose to take the long ramp on the right to the second-floor exhibition hall, then descend a staircase to the semi-underground exhibition hall before stepping out into the outdoor garden space beneath the colonnade.

▼碧道馆南侧入口门厅室内，indoor space of Blueway Pavilion©许元

从空中俯瞰，碧道馆的体量切分与南侧城中村的握手楼接近。而从人视角看向建筑南侧正立面，我们借鉴了龙岗客家围屋特有的体量感，并通过现代材料——釉面陶土板对围屋夯土的材料进行现代转译。陶土板的竖向条文也象征着龙园榕树须根的独有意向。

From a bird’s-eye view, the building’s massing is similar to the nearby “handshake buildings” of the urban village. From the south, the building’s facade draws inspiration from the distinctive massing of the Longgang Hakka walled village, and modern materials like glazed ceramic tiles reinterpret the traditional rammed earth. The vertical lines of the ceramic tiles also evoke the image of the aerial roots of Longyuan’s banyan trees.

▼碧道馆屋顶细节，roof detail©许元

▼立面细节，facade detail©许元

从龙岗河北岸看向建筑的北立面，强烈的坡顶棚架语言和点状穿插其中的树木交相呼应。棚下的湿润空间借鉴了广东余荫山房的意向，通过多变的台地形成行走坐卧的细分空间，提供多样的沿岸活动可能性。

Looking at the building’s north facade from the north bank of the Longgang River, the strong language of the sloping colonnade echoes the trees interspersed among it. The damp space beneath the colonnade draws inspiration from Guangdong’s Yuyin Mountain House, with its varied terraces forming distinct areas for walking, sitting, and resting, offering diverse opportunities for riverside activities.

▼夜景，night view©许元