2024首尔国际花园展·断面花园丨韩国首尔丨中国美术学院,中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院有限公司

项目背景 Project Background

在这个气候危机时代，“韧性”一词变得越来越重要。都市开放绿地在迎合市民放松身心、享受休憩需求的同时，也需要同时兼顾城市野生动植物的栖息需要。我们在该花园设计之初的预设是，这里除了满足都市不同人群间的“共享空间”功能外，更应该是人与自然的“共栖之所”。欣赏这座花园的意义在于，这里给游客提供了一次深度了解自然的机会，引导市民去欣赏自然的全部，既要喜欢蝴蝶，也要能够接受毛虫的存在，引导大众接受“丑陋的诗意”这一种全新的美学范式。

“Resilience” has gained significance during this age of climate crisis. While urban open green spaces cater to citizens’ needs for relaxation and enjoyment, they also need to consider the habitat needs of urban wildlife. Our presupposition at the beginning of the design of this garden was that in addition to meeting the function of “sharing space” among different groups of people in the city, it should also be a “cohabitation place” between humans and nature. The significance of appreciating this garden is that it provides visitors with an opportunity to understand nature in depth, guides citizens to enjoy all of nature, not only loves butterflies, but also accepts the existence of caterpillars, and guides the public to accept the “poetry of ugliness” this new aesthetic paradigm.

▼南面主入口的高山花甸岛，Alpine flower meadow Island on the Southern main entrance © 中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院有限公司

该项目位于韩国首尔市汉江边著名的纛岛汉江公园里，公园历史悠久，建设之初曾受到首尔市民欢迎，但目前老旧的设施让这里失去曾经的光辉。首尔政府希望以花园的方式在公园中营造一些供人休憩的节点，并在 2024 首尔国际花园展上将这些小花园开放，以激活这一区域。

This project is located in the famous Ttukseom Hangang Park beside the Han River in Seoul, South Korea. The park has a long history and was welcomed by Seoul citizens at the beginning of its completion. However, the current old facilities made the place lose its former glory. The Seoul Metropolitan government hopes to create some leisure nodes in the park in the form of gardens and will open these small gardens at the 2024 Seoul International Garden Show to activate this area.

▼南花园全景，Garden Panorama ©中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院有限公司

设计目标及总体构思 Design goals and overall concept

汉江边有着较好生态可塑性，花园占地面积 260㎡，所在场地临近一个大广场，并且紧挨着一个大台阶。本设计希望为本土野生动物营造一片栖息地，并通过断面的形式让市民能够观察到微观自然世界。场地有大约一米的高差，这有利于方案塑造出更为有趣的地形变化。场地中心有一棵非常壮观的朴树，沿台阶边缘现状有一排娜塔栎作为行道树，北侧地势较高处零星种植了几株三花槭。

The Han River has good ecological flexibility. The garden covers an area of 260 square meters and is located near a large square and next to a big staircase. This design hopes to create a habitat for native wild animals and allow citizens to observe the microscopic natural world through cross-sections. The site has a height difference of about one meter, which helps the proposal create more interesting topographic changes. There is a spectacular hackberry tree in the center of the site, a row of Nuttall Oak trees along the edge of the steps, and a few Three-flowered maple trees are planted sporadically on the higher ground on the north side.

▼总平面图，Master Plan ©中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院有限公司

首先，对现状地形及乔木进行精准测绘，方案小心保留了现状大乔木和地形，一条折线形的下沉坡道斜穿连接场地两端，形成一条探索小径，出于对生态性考虑，小径铺设透水性较强的碎石路面。然后，利用坡道与周边地形高差布置一些粗凿混凝土挡墙，以体现汉江滨江河床的沉积感和历史感。沿着挡墙布置五个生境岛，将草甸、花甸、湿甸、山谷、高山，五大韩国典型生境植物群落展示期间。

First of all, the current terrain and trees were accurately surveyed and mapped. The proposal carefully retained the existing large trees and terrain. A zigzag-shaped sink ramp passes through the garden and connects both parts, becoming an interesting exploration path. Taking ecological considerations into consideration, the trail is paved with gravel with strong water permeability. Then, some rough-textured concrete retaining walls are arranged using the height difference between the slope and the surrounding terrain to reflect the sedimentary and historical feel of the Hangang Riverside riverbed. Five rust steel plate habitat islands are arranged along the retaining wall. During the exhibition period, plant communities in the five typical habitats of Korea, including meadows, flower meadows, wetlands, valleys, and mountains, will be displayed.

▼概念草图，Conceptual Sketch ©中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院有限公司

▼概念分析图，Conceptual Diagram ©中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院有限公司

设计策略

Design Strategies

策略 1：生境营造

Strategy 1: Habitat creation

生境岛中栽种了超过 50 个植物品种，其中大多数是首尔当地蝴蝶喜爱的乡土品种。五个生境岛分别再现韩国不同地区的典型植物群落景观。

高山杜鹃岛，以韩国经典的杜鹃为基调树，2-3 种杜鹃布置在整个场地最高的北入口，林下搭配毛地黄钓钟柳、槭叶草等寄主植物地被，让人仿佛置身在高山杜鹃群落之中。

森林秘谷岛，将现状大朴树下的树荫作为整个中岛的精神核心，结合林下光照条件，选用蕨类、苔藓作为基调植物，结合朽木布置，局部点缀了兔儿伞、牛舌草、花叶玉簪、虎耳草等原生耐阴地被，局部零星点缀耧斗菜跟荷包牡丹，成为该生境岛的唯一亮色。

山涧溪谷岛，用砂石模拟自然的溪石，鸢尾成为了这块场地的主角，同为线条型的水甘草结合地形成为了紫色鸢尾的背景，黄花鸢尾穿插其中，延续了花期。

More than 50 plant species are planted on the habitat islands, most of which are native species loved by local butterflies in Seoul. The five habitat islands reproduce the typical plant community landscapes of different regions in Korea.

The Alpine Rhododendron Island uses the classic Korean Rhododendron as the fundamental tree species. 2-3 species of Rhododendron are arranged at the highest north entrance of the entire site. The understory layer selects host plant ground covers such as Penstemon digitalis ‘Husker Red’ and Mukdenia rossii, making people feel like they are among the alpine rhododendron communities.

The Secret Forest Valley Island takes the shade under the existing large hackberry tree as the spiritual core of the entire central island. Combined with the lighting conditions under the forest, ferns and moss are selected as fundamental plants; combined with the arrangement of rotten logs, native shade-tolerant ground covers such as Syneilesis palmata, Anchusa italica, Hosta plantaginea and Saxifraga stolonifera is partially embellished. Aquilegia viridiflora and Lamprocapnos spectabilis are scattered, becoming the only bright colors of this habitat island.

On the Mountain Stream Valley Island, sand and gravel are used to simulate natural creek rocks. Iris has become the protagonist of this island. The combination of the linear Amsonia hubrichtii forms the background of the purple iris, and the yellow iris is interspersed among them, extending the flowering period.

▼高山杜鹃岛布置在整个场地最高的北入口，The Alpine Rhododendron Island is arranged at the highest North entrance ©中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院有限公司

▼生境营造，Habitat Creation

©中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院有限公司

主入口高山花甸岛，以紫色为主要色系，有林荫鼠尾草、墨西哥鼠尾草、蓝刺头、唐松草等紫色系花卉，白色的屈曲花与林荫鼠尾草穿插作为花甸的填充层，结构部分则用了唐松草、与白色的落新妇作为花甸的最高一层，中层局部点缀的叶片银灰色的鼠尾草，延续整个花期，初夏蓝刺头盛开，摇曳在花甸中，再现韩国高山草甸盛景。缀花草地，作为整个花园的基底，选用了丛生福禄考、驴蹄草作为整个花园最底层的主要植物，不同于常规满种的手法，留足生长空间，缝隙的地方用松鳞填充。

The main entrance of Alpine Flower Meadow Island uses purple as the main color tone, including purple flowers such as Salvia leucantha, Echinops ritro, and Thalictrum aquilegiifolium. White Iberis amara are interspersed with Salvia nemorosa as the basal layer of the flower meadow. The structural part of the flower meadow is made of Thalictrum aquilegiifolium and white Astilbe chinensis as the highest layer. The middle layer is partially embellished with silver-gray Salvia, which continues throughout the flowering period. In early summer, Echinops ritro are in full bloom, swaying in the in the flower meadow, recreating the grand scene of Korean alpine meadows. The flower meadow serves as the foundation of the garden. Phlox subulata and Trollius paluster are selected as the main plants at the bottom layer of the entire garden. Different from the conventional planting method, sufficient growth space is left, and the gaps are filled with pine barks.

▼断面橱窗，Section Showcase ©中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院有限公司

这次设计以生态的视角去呈现植物，穿行在场地内，可以更近距离的观察到植物的花叶以及根系。同时，丰富的植物品种成为当地蝴蝶喜欢的寄主植物和蜜源植物，吸引了大量菜粉蝶、孔雀蛱蝶、金凤蝶等当地典型的品种，成为汉江边各类蝴蝶的重要生境。

This design proposal presents plants from an ecological perspective. Walking through the site, you can observe the flowers, leaves, and roots of the plants more closely. At the same time, the diverse plant species become the favorite host plants and nectar plants for local butterflies, attracting a large number of typical local species such as cabbage white butterflies, Peacock butterflies, and Old World swallowtail, and have become important habitats for various butterflies along the Han River.

▼森林秘谷岛，The Secret Forest Valley Island ©中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院有限公司

策略 2：引导观察 Strategy 2: Observation Guidance

挡墙上设有玻璃展示面，人们可以透过玻璃看见土壤的剖面，以及里面的生物。公园中阔叶树树枝修剪过程中废弃的朽木被堆在一起，创造出甲虫幼虫的生境，幼虫啃食朽木，将其分解为土壤，重新成为大树的养料，人们能够通过玻璃断面观察到朽木变成土壤的全部过程。

There are glass sections on the retaining wall, and people can see the soil profile and creatures inside through the glass. During the pruning process, the abandoned rotten branches and logs were piled up together to create a habitat for beetle larvae. The larvae eat the rotten wood and decompose it into soil, which re-becoming a nourishment of the big tree. People can observe the whole process of turning rotten wood into soil.

▼地下爬筒和观察窗，Underground Tunnel and Observation Window ©中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院有限公司

事实证明，开放后孩子和自然爱好者非常乐于看见这个过程。偶尔，也能见到一些诸如鼹鼠等小型哺乳动物和其他生活在土里的动物。韩国有很多甲虫品种，犀金龟、锹甲、花金龟等等。这将变得十分有趣，成虫会取食橡树的树浆，甲虫可以在半人工环境下完成整个生命周期。当然，起初我们在朽木堆中放入了一些本土甲虫幼虫。我们选择了对环境适应性较强，且在首尔地区种群数较大的独角仙以及韩国锯锹形虫作为先锋物种。

It turns out that children and natural lovers are very excited to see this process after the opening of the garden. Occasionally, you can also see some small mammals such as moles and other animals living in the soil. There are many beetle species in South Korea, such as rhinoceros beetles, stag beetles, flower beetles and so on. This is going to be very interesting. The adults will feed on the pulp of the oak trees, and the beetles can complete their entire life cycle in a semi-artificial environment. Of course, we need to put some local beetle larvae in the piled rotten wood in the first place. We chose rhinoceros beetles and Korean saw stag beetles with strong environmental adaptability and a large population in Seoul as pioneer species.

▼朽木生境，Rotten wood Habitat ©中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院有限公司

此外，这个断面还能够看见植物根系的生长，包括鸢尾、马铃薯、鼠尾草等植物的根系。我们尝试安置摄像头并通过扫码方式让人能够在线关注着一切的发生，这个景观将非常具有事件性。这展示了真实的、有韧性的自然。

In addition, this section can also see the growth of plant root systems, including the root system of plants such as iris, potatoes, and sage. We try to install cameras and allow people to follow everything happening online through scanning the code. This landscape will be very eventful. It also showcases a true, resilient nature.

▼鼠尾草生境，Salvia nemorosa‘Habitat ©中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院有限公司

▼心叶牛舌草生境，Brunnera macrophylla Habitat ©中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院有限公司

建成后的断面花园成为人与蝴蝶、甲虫、鸟类、小兽等本土动植物交互的媒介空间，在为城市野生动植物提供庇护之所的同时也激发市民对自然的好奇心，促进人与自然和谐发展。“一棵树就是一个微生境系统”，断面花园围绕“韧性”这一主题，以空间为载体将汉江生态故事向人们娓娓道来。这个花园在 2024 首尔国际花园展开园后成为最受市民喜爱的花园之一，并被评为金奖。同时在花园展结束后，这个花园中的朽木及野花部分将被保留下来成为汉江边野生动物的重要小生境。

After the completion, Section Garden becomes a media space for people to interact with butterflies, beetles, birds, and small mammals. It also stimulates citizens’ curiosity of nature, while providing refuge for urban wild animals and plants, promoting the harmonious development between humans and nature. “A tree is a micro-habitat system”, Section Garden revolves around the theme of “resilience”, and uses space as a carrier to tell people ecological stories of the Han River. This garden became one of the most popular gardens in the 2024 Seoul International Garden Show and received the Gold Award. At the same time, after the end of the garden exhibition, the rotten logs and wildflowers in this garden will be retained as important small habitats of wild animals beside the Han River.

▼施工图总平面图，Construction Drawing Master Plan ©中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院有限公司

▼主入口高山花甸生境岛平面和立面图，Plan and Elevation of the main entrance Alpine Flower Meadow Corten Steel Habitat Island ©中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院有限公司

▼软木铺装纹样平面图与甲虫雕塑立面图，Cork particle Pattern Detail plans and Beetle Sculpture Elevation ©中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院有限公司

▼爬筒剖面图，Tunnel Section ©中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院有限公司

项目名称：2024 首尔国际花园展——断面花园

项目类型：景观设计

设计方：中国美术学院/中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院有限公司

项目设计：2023 年

完成年份：2024 年

设计团队：沈实现、何洋、李瑞、童玲、方芳、俞钦濛、杨一铭、陈竑喨、刘慧媛、杨征宇、晋亚日、王志强、翁圣钧、张亚珍、郑露鸣、胡海州

项目地址：韩国首尔市

景观面积：260㎡

摄影版权：中国美术学院/中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究总院有限公司

客户：首尔市政府

材料：软木颗粒铺装；耐候锈钢板挡墙；爬筒

品牌：FC KOREA LAND Co., LTD.；SamHwa D&S；The PLAY

Project name:Seoul International Garden Show 2024——Section Garden

Project type:Landscape Architecture

Design:China Academy of Art/The Design Institute of Landscape & Architecture China Academy of Art Co.,Ltd.

Design year:2023

Completion Year:2024

Leader designer & Team:Shixian Shen, Yang He, Rui Li, Ling Tong, Fang Fang, Qinmeng Yu,Yiming Yang, Hongliang Chen, Huiyuan Liu, Zhengyu Yang, Yari Jin, Zhiqiang Wang, Shengjun Weng, Yazhen Zhang, Luming Zheng, Haizhou Hu

Project location:Seoul, South Korea

Landscape area:260㎡

Photo credit:China Academy of Art/The Design Institute of Landscape & Architecture China Academy of Art Co.,Ltd.

Clients:Seoul Metropolitan Government

Materials:Cork Particle Pavement; Corten Steel Plate Retaining Wall; Tunnel

Brands:FC KOREA LAND Co., LTD.; SamHwa D&S; The PLAY