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共有的家·余村村舍改造丨中国浙江丨体集建筑

2024/11/04 13:05:53

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共有的家——余村村舍改造

Shared home in Yucun

余村是安吉县天荒坪镇的一个小山村，也是“两山理论”的发源地。近年来，在当地政府的积极推动下，余村村落环境不断提升，带动了当地的旅游发展，从一个不起眼的小山村完成了更新与蜕变。为了承接与日俱增的观光客，余村村落周边的公共设施与主干道两侧文旅更新已较为完善。相对而言，后巷的整体风貌与环境品质还需进一步提升。为此，天荒坪镇政府在近年先后展开对后巷道路环境和老旧民宅的更新计划。体集建筑参与了余村后巷街角的一栋民宅的半公共化改造，以此为契机介入了村落持续更新的进程。

Yucun, a small mountain village in Anji County, is known as the birthplace of the “Two Mountains Theory”. In recent years, the local government has actively improved the village environment, attracting tourism and transforming it into a vibrant community. While public facilities and main roads have undergone significant updates, the back alleys still require enhancement. In response, local government has initiated plans to renovate both the alleyways and aging houses. Our studio participated in a semi-public transformation of a residential building, engaging in the village’s ongoing renewal process.

▼稠密后巷中的新宅，new building in tightsurroundings ©体集建筑

私人产权的半公共化

Semi-publicization of private property

自 2022 年，天荒坪政府启动了“余村合伙人计划”，这一乡村发展倡议旨在吸引各地年轻人返回乡村，推动当地的更新与发展。该计划通过政府出资租用部分闲置民宅用以公共化改造，并保留一部分供原村民自住，为期 10 年，实现了民宅使用权的共享。

作为“余村合伙人”之一，文益社团队提出了将李叔（余村村民）自宅的南侧部分改造为容纳客房、义工宿舍、客厅、书房、厨房及咖啡区等多种功能的计划，让房子转变为新村民与老村民共有的家。

▼改造前的李叔家，existed building©体集建筑

In 2022, the local government launched the “Yucun Partners Program,” aimed at encouraging young people to return. This initiative involves the government leasing portions of idle houses for public transformation while allowing original residents to retain parts for personal use, creating a model of shared property rights. As a partner in this initiative, Artie proposed to renovate the south side of Li Shu’s home into a multifunctional space that includes guest rooms, volunteer dormitories, a living room, study, kitchen, and café, transforming the house into a shared home for both new and old villagers.

▼改造后的转角街景，street view of the renovated building©体集建筑

▼正立面，front view©体集建筑

分户墙引发的剖面策略 Sectional scheme around the party wall

建筑原为一栋三开间的两层小楼，底层将改造成含客厅、书房、厨房及吧台的会客空间，二、三层则设置为客房和义工宿舍。李叔保留的自住部分是北侧单层部分，与南侧改造部分之间一墙之隔。为了保障施工期间李叔的正常居住，分户墙不可拆，这成为空间与结构设计的关键线索。

The building, originally a two-story structure, will be transformed to feature a communal space on the ground floor, including a living room, study, kitchen, and bar, while the upper floors will host guest rooms and volunteer accommodations. A key element of the design is the L-shaped partition wall separating uncle Li’s living space from the renovated areas, which must remain intact for his residency.

▼剖透视，sectional perspective©体集建筑

原建筑为三开间，由于一层共用分户墙的存在使得室内光线昏暗。设计因此将底层三间空间打通，楼梯靠近北侧的分户墙设置，形成一个光通道，引导自然光进入一层客厅，确保公共区域的明亮。楼梯不再是独立的封闭空间，而是延续公共空间的流动，形成了从街道到庭院，客厅、楼梯与屋顶露台的连续体验。

The design opens the ground floor spaces and positions the staircase near the partition wall, creating a light corridor that channels natural light into the main hall, ensuring a bright public area. This staircase enhances the flow of public space, fostering a seamless experience from the street to the courtyard, through the staircase, and to the upper levels.

▼一层客厅概览，ground floor living room overview©体集建筑

▼楼梯，staircase©体集建筑

▼为客厅引入光线的楼梯，staircase that brings light©体集建筑

▼通往露台的三层楼梯，staircase leading to the rooftop terrace©体集建筑

小中见大的回游动线 Circulation routes 一层的空间被打通后，入口位置调整至原楼梯所在角落，拉长了庭院与建筑入口之间的距离，并用环绕的石板步道连接。庭院中被景观竹围出的私密区域，需要从主入口进入大厅后绕至书房，延长了空间的体验。底层大厅结合结构柱设置的悬空隔墙，打断了接待厅与书房的视线，又保持地面的连续。

The first floor is opened up, with the entrance moved to the corner where the original staircase was, increasing the distance between the courtyard and the entrance, connected by a surrounding stone path. A private area in the courtyard, enclosed by bamboo landscaping, requires visitors to navigate from the main entrance to the living room, enhancing the spatial experience.

▼入户庭院小径，garden path©体集建筑

二层的设计将原来的三开间改为两间客房，一间大进深，一间大面宽，在有限的平面空间中创造不同的空间尺度与回游路径，丰富了住客的体验。

On the second floor, the design transforms the original three-room layout into two guest rooms—one with a deep layout and the other with a wide front—creating varied spatial scales and circulation routes within the limited area, enriching the guests’ experience.

▼东侧客房入户走廊，east guest room entrance©体集建筑

▼东侧客房，east guest room©体集建筑

▼西侧客房概览，west guest room voerview©体集建筑

坚固而简明的混合结构

Mixed structural system

老宅建于 80 年代，距今已有三四十年。在设计初期对李叔的访谈中我们了解到，宅子一层的四面纵向承重墙和北侧的分隔墙为质量较好的粘土砖墙，楼板均为预制板，二层及以上的墙体全是质量较差的空心砖墙。这样的结构今天已经很难满足安全性的要求，因此建筑的改造需要同时考虑一套合适的结构方案。设计拆除了二层及以上所有空心砖墙，并用四根混凝土柱代替一层中间的两道隔墙，仅保留了一层的分户隔墙与临街外墙。二层与一层对应，同样采用中间四根框架柱和周边一圈承重墙的混合结构形式，用框架梁将承重外墙与四根柱子拉结为整体，既有效降低了土建造价，也提升了建筑的结构安全性。一个规整的框架结构符合设计之初对这个项目的预想：10 年以后还给李叔的应该是一个坚固的、简明的结构，方便他们未来居住和二次装修改造。

Constructed in the 1980s, the original building required structural updates to meet safety standards. The design removes all hollow brick walls from the second floor upward and replaces them with four concrete columns, retaining only the essential partition and façade walls. The resulting mixed structural system effectively reduces construction costs while enhancing safety, providing a durable foundation for future adaptations.

▼结构改造分析图，structure renovation diagram©体集建筑

调和空间尺度的木构

Wooden eave

在主体建筑的框架-砖混混合结构之外，一层入口的檐廊通过木构的形式附属于主体结构之外，有效压低了入口的廊下尺度。同时，木构的檐廊向东侧延伸，形成了一个半室外的凉亭，与庭院景色相得益彰。为了呼应后巷的整体风貌，建筑三层屋面也采用木构，通过密排的木梁支撑起小青瓦屋顶，塑造了三层义工宿舍的坡屋顶覆盖，并让西侧山墙得以打开成为景观窗。

In addition to the mixed structure, a wooden eave extends from the entrance, lowering the scale of the entryway and creating a semi-outdoor pavilion that complements the courtyard. The roof of the third floor also features wooden construction, supporting a pitched roof that opens the west gable as a scenic window.

▼从西侧看木构屋顶与一层檐廊，wooden roof and eave viewing from west©体集建筑

在整个项目的改造中，设计团队与当地政府积极协调，对李叔的自住部分也进行了室外与室内翻新，改善了居住环境和生活品质，也让新老村民能真正的共享这一公共工程的成果。此外，在建筑的南侧立面上，二层的两个客房各自悬挑出的一个坡顶小屋和贴地的窗台，这是为村里的小鸟设置的可以筑巢的“家”和进食窗台，某种程度上让这栋房子成为了新村民、老村民和小鸟们共同的家。

During the project renovation, the design team worked closely with the local government to upgrade both the outdoor and indoor areas of Uncle Li’s home, improving the living environment for all villagers. Additionally, the southern façade features small pitched-roof extensions and ground-level windows that serve as nesting and feeding spots for local birds, creating a shared space for new villagers, old villagers, and local birds.