Sundersea Sunderland停车楼丨英国桑德兰丨Tonkin Liu

Sundersea 是桑德兰最先进的多层停车场。作为桑德兰新城区的内在组成部分，它的影响远远超越了单纯的提供可持续停车解决方案的范畴。桑德兰河畔总体规划包括一座全新的眼科医院、住房、工作场所和休闲空间，其中停车楼为人们提供了便利的公共设施，有助于创造行人优先区，以减少交通的拥堵。多层停车楼 24 小时开放，共提供了 657 个停车位，包括 49 个无障碍停车位，115 个电动汽车停车位，以及摩托车和自行车停车位。

Sundersea is a state-of-the-art multi storey carpark in Sunderland. Being an intrinsic part of Sunderland’s new urban quarter, its impact extends beyond providing a sustainable parking solution. The Riverside Sunderland masterplan includes a new eye hospital, housing, workplaces, and leisure spaces, for which the carpark facilitates the creation of amenities, a pedestrian priority zone, reduction of congestion. Open 24 hours, the multistorey car park provides 657 spaces, including 49 accessible spaces, 115 EV spaces, and motorcycle and cycle parking.

地标性门户

Landmark gateway

停车楼位于深邃的 Galley’s Gill 峡谷的边缘，非常显眼。作为城市的地标和门户，它将桑德兰河畔与当地身份联系起来，同时展示了当地可持续发展的愿望。本项目在该地区的基础设施中发挥着关键作用，为桑德兰 FC 体育场，以及无车住宅开发项目“Sunderland Empire”和城市步行中心等重要地标提供服务。停车楼的设计与一系列新的景观和路线相连接，与城市的智能举措保持一致，集成了风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板，为电动汽车充电。

Located along the edge of the deep Galley’s Gill ravine, the carpark is prominent and highly visible. It acts as a landmark and a gateway to the city, connecting Riverside Sunderland with its local identity while showcasing its sustainability aspirations. It plays a pivotal role in the area’s infrastructure, servicing significant landmarks like the Sunderland FC Stadium of Light, the Sunderland Empire, a car-free residential development, and the pedestrianised city centre. Connected to a series of new landscapes and routes, the design of the carpark aligns with the city’s smart initiatives, with integrated wind turbines and solar panels charging the electric cars.

▼街景，street view© David Valinsky

▼立面反射了夕阳，the facade reflects the setting sun© David Valinsky

▼建筑与周边环境，architecture and surrounding environment© David Valinsky

▼立面，facade© David Valinsky

▼细部，details© David Valinsky

建筑生成过程

Placemaking process

Tonkin Liu 采用以自然为中心的设计方法，为桑德兰注入独特的文化新身份，将人们与自然世界重新联系起来。设计灵感来自桑德兰与海洋的亲密关系，作为曾经世界上最大的造船中心，以及当今荷兰海上风力发电场的主要门户，设计为塑造其绿色未来重新点燃了这种亲密关系。本项目将海洋重新想象为桑德兰的标志性特征，打造了一座 100 米长的“活海”，为其中的车辆行驶旅程注入了活力。

▼灵感来源，inspiration© Tonkin Liu

▼海洋元素，ocean element© Tonkin Liu

Tonkin Liu employed its storytelling design process centred on nature to infuse Sunderland with a distinctive new cultural identity that reconnects people with the natural world. Inspiration has drawn from the history of Sunderland’s affinity with the sea, being once the world’s largest shipbuilding centre, an affinity recently rekindled by Sunderland’s role as a major gateway to offshore wind farms and shaping its green future. The artwork reimagines the sea as Sunderland’s defining characteristic, evoking a 100-metre-long living sea brought to life with the movement of cars within.

▼穿孔板上的波浪图案，the wave pattern on the perforated board© David Valinsky

▼细部，details© David Valinsky

▼夕阳下的建筑，dusk view© David Valinsky

设计方案 Design solution

建筑宛如独特的艺术品一般彰显出强大的存在感，而穿孔板则为其赋予了精致感。穿孔板上的波浪图案改变了透视效果，创造出立体的、有距离感且富有活力的视觉错觉。穿孔板采用了具有反光特点的铝板材质，如同数字绘画一般，在整个楼层的高度上变化，行成丰富的结构层级。穿孔板既能提供遮阳，又允许气流通过，而且穿孔板上的图案经过改进，足以满足整个停车场的被动和自然通风所需的气流量。在这些穿孔板进行阳极氧化之前，近 100 万个圆形切割片都被回收利用了。从控制室向外望去，眼睛形状的窗户，就像一只巨大的鲸鱼之眼或神话般的荷鲁斯之眼，进一步强化了立面上的艺术图案主题。

▼分析图，analysis diagrams© Tonkin Liu

The artwork gains a presence from its singularity, whilst perforate patterns give it a delicacy. Perforations in rippling patterns of diminishing perspective create an optical illusion of three-dimensionality, distance, and dynamism, achieved using a flat, reflective aluminium surface, like painting by number, lending hierarchy to the perforated pattern through the height of the car park floors. The perforated screens provide shading and airflow, and their patterns are refined to meet the volume calculated for required airflow for passive and natural ventilation across the car parking areas. Prior to anodising, the nearly 1 million circular cut-outs were recycled. Looking out over the landscape from the control room, the eye-shaped window, like the eye of a giant whale and the mythical eye of Horus, amplifies the formal leitmotif of the artwork pattern.

▼自然环境，landscape© David Valinsky

▼立面近景，closer view of the facade© David Valinsky

▼控制室的眼睛形状窗口，

Eye-shaped window of the control room© David Valinsky

体验 Experience 在白天，3 毫米厚的阳极氧化铝板反射着天空不断变化的颜色，从灰色到蓝色再到橙色，为建筑增添了空灵感。黄昏时，绿色和蓝色的光笼罩了建筑外立面，而当汽车进入不同的楼层和区域时，局部传感器激活的内部照明就会亮起。从外面看，变化的灯光成为外部景观的一部分。当成对的前灯和尾灯在停车场中移动时，就像在发光的海洋深处成群结队的生物一样，画面更加生动。

During the day, the 3-millimetre-thick reflective anodised aluminium sheet catches the sky’s changing colour, dynamically shifting from grey to blue to orange, lending an ethereal quality to the building. At dusk, green and blue light washes its external surface, whilst localised sensor-activated internal lighting comes on as and when cars enter different levels and zones. Viewed from the outside, the changing lights become part of the external spectacle. The façade is further animated when pairs of headlights and taillights move through the carpark, like creatures swarming in the depths of the glowing sea.

▼夜间街景，street view at night© David Valinsky

▼蓝绿色的夜间灯光，lighting effect at night© David Valinsky

▼夜景，night view© David Valinsky

▼细部，details© David Valinsky

在内部，穿孔板将斑驳的灯光以波浪的形式投射到停放的汽车上。从停车场向外看，穿孔板则将桑德兰的景色像素化，将城市景观转化为抽象的数字绘画图像。在夜晚，蓝色和绿色的外部灯光又穿过这些穿孔板渗透到停车场的天花板上。

Internally, the perforation casts dappled sunlight in wave patterns over parked cars. Looking out from the carpark, the perforated screen pixelates the view over Sunderland, transforming the cityscape into abstract painting-by-numbers images. At night, the blue and green external lights percolate the carpark’s ceilings.

▼室内视角，interior view© David Valinsky

▼室内细部，details of interior© David Valinsky

▼光影，light and shadow© David Valinsky

与自然的融合 Nature integrated

作为对公众意见的回应，停车场两端的核心区域以绿色墙的形式带来了生命，其中种植了 50,000 种专门选择的植物，以配合当地气候，为该地区带来生物多样性。雨水收集系统安装在无车区域的屋顶上。收集的水则将用于浇灌绿色墙壁和灌溉周围的新景观区。多余的雨水也被引导到 Galley ‘s Gill 峡谷的 SUD 水池中，以增强当地的开放式景观特征。

Cores at both ends of the carpark bring life in the form of green walls in response to the public consultation feedback, holding 50,000 plants specifically chosen to work with the local climate and bring biodiversity to the area. A rainwater harvesting system is housed on the car-free roof. The collected water is used to water the green walls and irrigate the new surrounding landscaped areas. Excess stormwater is also channelled towards the open landscape feature of SUD pools in the Galley’s Gill ravine.

▼与自然的结合，nature intergrated© David Valinsky

▼模型，model© Tonkin Liu

▼平面图，plan© Tonkin Liu

▼剖面图。section© Tonkin Liu

PROJECTDETAILS

Projectname:SunderseaSunderlandRiversideSunderlandFarringdonRowMSCP

Projectaddress:FarringdonRow,SunderlandSR13EY

Grossarea:18,580squaremetres(carparksqm)

Projectcost:Totalprojectcost:£15.4m+VAT/Façadecost:£1.78m+VAT

StartDate:CarparkplanninggrantedMay2021,TonkinLiuappointedNovember2021

Completion:March2023

Client

Company:SunderlandCityCouncil

ArtConsultantWorkingpArts

LeadContractor

Company:SirRobertMcAlpineLtd

Carparkcontractor

Company:Goldbeck

CONSULTANTS

FaçadeArt&Architecture

Company:TonkinLiu

LightingDesign

Company:SEAM

ConsultingEngineer

Company:JasperKerr

ProjectManagers

Company:Turner&Townsend

Façadefabricator

Company:MapleFacades

LandscapeDesigners

Company:One-Environments