Dar El Farina 住宅丨摩洛哥丨Leopold Banchini Architects

两条重要的基础设施横跨在豪兹平原的沙漠地上。其中一条是 “mesref”，这是一条小水渠，得益于从高阿特拉斯山脉流来的复杂运河网络，每年会数次注满水用于农业生产。另一条是“khetara”，是一千年前穆拉比特王朝修建的地下排水管道，用于将远处的地下水引入马拉喀什。虽然大多时候看不到水的踪迹，但水却是这片干旱地貌的重要组成部分。数千年来，人类对这片平原进行开垦，用无尽的夯土墙灌溉和分割田地。

Two vital infrastructures cross this desertic plot in the plain of Haouz. The first one, a mesref, is a small water channel filled a few times per year for agricultural purposes thanks to a complex network of canals flowing from the high Atlas. The second, a khetara, is an underground draining gallery built by the Almoravid one thousand years ago to bring water to Marrakesh from distant groundwater. Although mostly invisible, water is an important part of this dry landscape. Humans have domesticated the plain for thousands of years, irrigating and dividing the fields with endless rammed earth walls.

▼位于沙漠地之上的建筑，the building in the desert land © Rory Gardiner

Dar El Farina 是一座长条的乡村房屋，沿着mesref和khetara的两条线平行建造。房屋将土地分割成两种截然不同的地貌。一侧是未开发的荒漠土地，另一侧则是利用古老水利系统的葱郁的本土植物园。这座远离公共设施网络的房屋利用阳光、土壤和当地的水源，实现了完全的自给自足。

Dar El Farina is a linear rural house following the two lines of the mesref and the khetara. The house divides the land into two radically different landscapes. On one side the desertic land is kept untouched ; on the other side a lush green garden of indigenous plants grows thanks to the ancestral water systems. The off-grid house uses the sun, the soil and the water available onsite to be fully self-sustainable.

▼立面，facade © Rory Gardiner

▼建筑与花园，structure and garden © Rory Gardiner

▼夯土墙，rammed earth wall © Rory Gardiner

两面平行的夯土墙限定了住宅空间，将其划分为一系列房间、天井和蓄水池。刺眼的阳光通过特定的开口和天窗进入空间。巨大的转轴门可以将纵向空间或分割或连接在一起，并且模糊了室内外的界限。不断进化的居住建筑重新定义了传统内向的天井住宅类型。

The two parallel rammed earth walls defining the domestic space host a succession of rooms, patios and water basins. The harsh sunlight enters the spaces through defined openings and skylights in the ceiling. Large pivot doors allow to divide or connect the enfilade of spaces and blur the boundary between interiors and exteriors. The constantly evolving living structure redefines the ancestral and introverted patio house typology.

▼室内水池，water basin © Rory Gardiner

▼巨大的转轴门，Large pivot doors © Rory Gardiner

▼起居空间，living space © Rory Gardiner

▼阳光染上色彩，tinted sunrays © Rory Gardiner

尽管墙壁和地板仅仅由夯实土壤构成，天花板上的天顶开口铺设了五颜六色的zellige瓦片，它们皆由临近村落生产。传统的玻璃将射入房屋的阳光染上色彩，然后光线又的水面上反弹。厚厚的泥墙、被操控的光线、水景以及植被共同营造出凉爽的小气候：一个沙漠中的荫蔽庇护所。

While the walls and floors are simply made of compressed soil, the zenithal openings in the ceiling are lined with colorful zellige tiles produced in a neighboring village. The traditional glazing tints the sunrays entering the house before they bounce on the water surfaces. The thick mud walls, controlled sunlight, water features and vegetation create a cool microclimate; a shaded shelter in the desert.

▼凉爽的小气候，a cool microclimate © Rory Gardiner

▼庭院，courtyard © Rory Gardiner

▼材料与施工，materials and construction © Rory Gardiner

▼场地平面，site plan © Leopold Banchini Architects

▼立面、剖面与平面，elevation, section and plan © Leopold Banchini Architects

Project : Dar El Farina

Location : Morocco

Architect : Leopold Banchini Architects

Local architect : Sana Nabaha

Pictures : Rory Gardiner