SoLo 小屋丨哥伦比亚丨Perkins&Will

SoLo 小屋并不是典型的高山住宅，它坐落在森林覆盖的小丘上，可以俯瞰不列颠哥伦比亚省海岸山脉惠斯勒北部壮丽的 Soo 山谷。设计实现了业主对未来零排放建筑的畅想与愿景，完美地呈现了在远离尘嚣的环境中自给自足的独特方法。SoLo 小屋以提高能源效率为目标——选用精简的建筑材料，产出大于自身需求的能源，同时还避免了化石燃料的使用。

Siting lightly upon a forested knoll overlooking the spectacular Soo Valley north of Whistler in British Columbia’s Coast Mountains, SoLo is not a typical alpine home. With Delta Land Development’s intention to pioneer a future zero emissions approach to building, we designed a prototype that demonstrates a unique approach to building off-grid in a remote environment where every choice has consequences. Performance led, the home expresses a restrained material palette while generating more energy than it uses, eliminating fossil fuels and combustion from its operation.

▼项目远景鸟瞰，distanced aerial view of the project ©Andrew Latreille

SoLo 小屋在美学与结构方面突破了传统的设计思维，不仅如此，它还是汇集了低能耗系统、环保材料、预制和模块化施工方法以及能源自给自足方案的试验场，为加拿大地球塔等大型项目提供了参考。SoLo 小屋通过了被动式能耗住宅认证，使用木材作为主要的结构材料，由内到外展现了木材本身的美——是一座“花旗松的殿堂”。

Challenging conventions in both aesthetics and construction, the prototype acts as a testing ground for low-energy systems, healthy materials, prefabricated and modular construction methods, and independent operations intended to inform the approach to larger projects such as Canada’s Earth Tower. A Passive House certified building, wood was chosen as the primary structural material and is authentically expressed and exposed it its entirety throughout the home—a ‘temple to Douglas Fir’.

▼鸟瞰，aerial view©Andrew Latreille

▼建筑外观，“花旗松的殿堂”，external view of the building, a “temple of Douglas fir”©Andrew Latreille

在极端的气候环境下，SoLo 小屋充分运用外围结构，来确保能源使用效率和舒适度。经过对被动式住宅的研究，方案为小屋设计了双层外墙，外层是具有遮蔽作用的厚质木框架，足以抵御当地的寒冷气候，而高度绝缘的内层则发挥保温的作用。此外，SoLo 小屋具有出色的热性能和气密性，在各种天气情况下的热建模测试中表现出色。而两层高的大型玻璃窗能够将壮丽的山谷景色带入室内。最终，SoLo 小屋获得了被动式住宅协会的低能耗建筑认证。

Given the valley’s extreme climate, it was critical to have an ‘enclosure-first’ approach to ensure energy efficiency and outstanding comfort. Employing the Passive House standard, we applied a two-layer approach to the enclosure—an outer heavy timber frame acts as shield, resisting the weather, while the heavily insulated inner layer acts as the thermal barrier. To make certain the house functions with exceptional thermal performance and air tightness, we conducted detailed thermal modeling of each weather condition. With the addition of double height glazing opening the home up to the valley’s incredible views, the home has achieved PHI Low Energy Building certification.

▼设计分析，design analysis©Perkins&Will

▼分解轴测图，exploded axonometric©Perkins&Will

作为一个能源自给自足的住宅，SoLo 小屋拥有大量的设备以支持独立运作。为了避免使用化石燃料等不可再生资源，SoLo 小屋集成了光伏发电、地热能交换系统和氢燃料电池作为备用的能源贮备方案。在充分考虑地形、能源效率以及冬日的积雪量之后，32kW 的光伏发电板被垂直安装在南侧的外立面上。同时，作为太阳能发电的补充，设计为风能发电设备预留了位置。不仅如此，SoLo 小屋能收集和处理其内部的饮用水，并对自身排放的废水进行预处理。超越零能耗标准、能生产额外能源的住宅由此诞生。

As an ‘off-grid’ home, a number of systems are required for its operational independence. With the goal to eliminate fossil fuels and combustion from its operation, we incorporated a photovoltaic array, geoxchange system, and hydrogen fuel cell as a backup energy storage solution. Although it reduces efficiency, the site’s topography, along with the snow accumulation in winter, led us to mount the 32kW array vertically on the south façade. Complementing the home’s solar generation, we provided future provision for wind power. The house collects and treats its own drinking water and processes its waste water. The result is a self-sufficient house that generates more energy than it uses—beyond net zero energy.

▼能源系统分析，energy system analysis©Perkins&Will

为了解决位置偏远和季节性施工所带来的挑战，当地施工方预先制作了模块化的建筑构件，在夏季实现快速搭建，同时减少了需要运输到现场的设备和材料，也因此大幅减少了项目产生的碳足迹。施工方在崎岖的山地上搭建了轻盈的结构安放 SoLo 小屋，将对场地的影响降到最低，SoLo 小屋如同一位来到山谷的“访客”，巧妙地融入到自然景色中。

Solving the challenges provided by the site’s remote location and seasonal construction window, we commissioned local builders to prefabricate modular building elements off-site. This was essential to allow for a quick erection of the building in the summer season while decreasing the amount of equipment and materials needed to be delivered to the site—reducing the project’s embodied carbon footprint. Minimizing site disturbance, we set the modular prefabricated home on a light structure above the uneven terrain, reinforcing its relationship to the site as a ‘visitor’, allowing nature and the site to remain the focus.

▼融入自然中的木屋，building merged into the nature©Andrew Latreille

这是一项让所有参与者都感到骄傲的成就，运用了一系列独特的解决方案，在达成完美结果的同时，也没有在功能和美观程度上妥协。——Delta Land Development，资深副总裁，Kirk Robinson

“This is an achievement that all involved can be proud of…a unique combination of measures and outcomes without having to compromise on function and beauty.”——Kirk Robinson, Senior Vice President, Delta Land Development

由于位置偏远，SoLo 小屋的设计方案有意表达真实和理性，体现了实用美学。着眼于建筑的基本构造，SoLo 小屋用精简的材料、高度一致的色彩搭配和出色的建筑细节，展现简约之美。出人意料且尤为特别的是，SoLo 小屋的室内设计仅使用了六种材料，其中花旗松被大量运用在结构和饰面上。

Propelled by the project’s remoteness, we designed SoLo to express a distinctive performance led aesthetic that is deliberately authentic and unsentimental. Focusing on the essential characteristics of the building, the home embodies a simple aesthetic through a restrained material palette and edited architectural features. Unexpected and unique, the interior of the house features only six materials with douglas fir celebrated throughout as both structure and finish. With a commitment to promote health and well-being, we purposely chose materials that were reviewed against our Precautionary List rounding out our holistic approach to sustainability by eliminating harmful substances.

▼建筑外观，用料精简，external view of the building with restrained material palette©Andrew Latreille

在设计过程中，设计师完成了关于《热桥效应对建筑性能与设计过程的影响》的研究。SoLo 小屋作为被动式能耗住宅，通过建筑的围护结构来减少热能流失并创造舒适的室内环境。该研究探讨了热桥效应对建筑性能的影响，通过细节设计来缓解热桥效应。此外，针对热桥效应设计师制定了专用的计算工具与工作流程，应用到项目当中。

▼被动房墙壁细节，wall details of the passive house©Perkins&Will

As part of the design process, the detailing of the building prompted a research initiative completed by the Vancouver studio, “Increasing Understanding of the Role of Thermal Bridging in Building Performance and the Design Process”. As a passive house project, the goal is to mitigate energy loss and create outstanding interior comfort through building envelope performance. This study focused on the role of thermal bridging on performance and its mitigation through good detailing. A detailed thermal bridge calculation protocol and workflow was developed and applied to benefit the project.

▼观景平台，sight viewing platform©Andrew Latreille

▼从阳台看向室外，view to the outdoor scenery from the balcony©Andrew Latreille

▼室外走廊，outdoor corridor©Andrew Latreille

▼结构细部，closer view to the structure©Andrew Latreille

▼连续的客厅和餐厅空间，continuous living and dining space©Andrew Latreille

▼餐厅，两侧挂有不同的艺术作品，dining space with different art works on the two sides©Andrew Latreille

▼开放式厨房，open kitchen©Andrew Latreille

▼夹层中的休息区，lounge on the mezzanine©Andrew Latreille

▼透过落地窗看风景，view to the outside through the floor to ceiling window©Andrew Latreille

▼连接卧室的走廊，corridor connecting to the bedroom©Andrew Latreille

▼卧室，bedroom©Andrew Latreille

▼取景窗，window framing the scenery©Andrew Latreille

▼楼梯，staircase©Andrew Latreille

▼阳光透过楼梯照入空间，sunlight showering into the space through the staircase©Andrew Latreille

SoLo 小屋位于 Lil’wat 和 Squamish 原住民的传统领地之间，这些部落在山谷中已经存在了数百年。上世纪七十年代，整个地区逐渐向度假胜地发展，最初这里是狂热的户外滑雪者、自然科学家和户外探险者的“世外桃源”。长久以来，当地以林业为经济基础，如今加拿大非常有名的滑雪场和登山区都建立在这里的次生林中。原来生长在 SoLo 小屋项目用地上的树木，都在被清除后，进入了当地的林业经济循环中。

The house sits between the traditional territories of the Lil’wat and Squamish First Nations, with evidence of occupation in the valley for centuries. Development in the broader region began in the 1970’s in the present Resort Municipality of Whistler, beginning as an ‘off-grid’ settlement of avid cross-country skiers, naturalists, and outdoor adventurers. With a historical forestry-based economy, today the popular skiing and hiking area is found amid stands of second growth forest. Contributing to the local economy, we ensured that all timber cleared on the project site fed into the local forest industry.

▼夜景，night view©Andrew Latreille

▼室外平台上的活动，activities on the outdoor platform©Andrew Latreille

SoLo 这个名字源自其领先的设计思维。SoLo 小屋位于 Soo 山谷的低洼地带，独自矗立在山丘之上，并实现了一次“独一无二”的创新设计。

Playing on the project’s remoteness and pioneer mindset, the name SoLo was born. Located in the Lower Soo Valley, the house sits alone perched on top of a hill, and is going ‘solo’ in paving a new path forward to build differently.

▼总平面图，site plan©Perkins&Will

▼一层平面图，first floor plan©Perkins&Will

▼夹层平面图，loft level plan©Perkins&Will

▼立面图，elevation©Perkins&Will

▼剖面图，section©Perkins&Will