世博文化公园温室丨中国上海丨DMAA

在当今时代，认识自然，亲近自然已然是我们城市生活中的基本要素。自然也早已成为建筑设计的核心。近年来，DMAA在温室设计方面积累了丰富的技术和设计经验。上海这座拥有2300万人口的特大城市，是中国城市和国际发展的焦点。浦东这个原来人口稀少的工业郊区，已发展成为亚洲具有最壮观高层天际线之一的地区，其中的世博文化公园正处于浦东的核心位置。但上海地区也面临着日益增长的气候变化的威胁。面对严峻的空气质量、水资源短缺和气温上升，国家领导人正在以激进的大规模措施寻找解决方案，这些措施不仅旨在保护自然栖息地，还希望将中国的技术和经济努力引导向可持续发展方向。

The zeitgeist has shifted towards recognizing nature as the essential basis of our living environment. And nature has also moved to the heart of architecture. In recent years, as it has repeatedly addressed the specific task of greenhouse design, DMAA has developed extensive technical and cultural knowhow.With a population of 23 million, the megacity of Shanghai is the focal point of China’s urban and international development. The sparsely inhabited industrial suburb of Pudong has become home to one of Asia’s most spectacular high-rise skylines, at the heart of which the Expo Cultural Park is situated. But the Shanghai Region is also directly threatened by the consequences of unlimited growth and climate change. Given biting smogs, water shortages, and rising temperatures, the country’s leaders are looking for solutions that take the form of radical largescale steps – steps that should not only preserve natural habitats but also steer China’s technological and economic efforts in a sustainable direction.

▼鸟瞰，aerial view © CreatAR

▼建筑远眺，distant view of the project © CreatAR

▼俯视，top view © CreatAR

在转型为博览文化公园之前，这片区域曾是一个钢铁厂的所在地。后来，这里被改建为上海2010年世博会场地。作为新建温室花园项目的一部分，曾经的工业大厅的钢结构被作为场地的重要控制要素和场所记忆被保留，同时有机自由形状的温室联系其间。工业与自然、传统与未来的双重对立标志着上海所处的历史转折点。市政府决定将这样一片规模庞大且地处市中心的土地功能重组为高质量的绿色休闲活动区域。这一举措清楚地反映出在上海，这座全球最大的亚热带气候的城市之一的核心城市区域，营造更加密集高质量的绿化的发展趋势。

Before its transformation into the Expo Cultural Park, the inner-city recreational area was occupied by a coal-fired power plant and a steelworks. It was then remodeled as the location for Expo 2010. As part of the project for the new Greenhouse Garden, the steel structure of a former industrial hall was used as a geometrical superstructure that was then enhanced by organically shaped pavilions. The twin dualities of industry and nature and tradition and future mark the historical turning point at which Shanghai now finds itself. The municipal administration’s decision to refunction such a huge, centrally-located piece of land as a high-quality leisure area offers clear evidence of the overall trend towards the more intense planting of the core urban zones of Shanghai, one of the largest cities in the world with a subtropical climate.

▼湖面，lake © CreatAR

▼有机自由形状的温室，a geometrical superstructure © CreatAR

由于温室通常需要消耗大量能源，因此本项目希望创建一个零能耗建筑。通过模拟计算表明，传统的双层玻璃的能效较低，导致植物所需的人工照明对热量损失的减少影响反而更大，因此幕墙设计创新的采用单层玻璃实现对能耗的控制。同时屋面上科学规划的开窗位置，可以自由调节，实现自然通风和被动冷却等多样的节能手段，为特定植物创造最佳气候。与展馆相邻的水面不仅是良好的冷却设施，还通过位于其表面下方的太阳能光伏板为温室提供清洁能源。

As greenhouses generally consume large amounts of energy, one particular aim of this project was to create a zero-energy building. This was achieved by the use of single glazing – a choice based on simulative calculations that showed that double glazing would be less energy efficient due to the fact that the reduction in heat loss would be more than cancelled out by the impact of the artificial lighting required by the plants. Opening windows in the perforated roof can be adjusted to permit the natural ventilation and passive cooling that creates the optimal climate for the specific plants. A pool adjacent to the pavilions not only provides cooling but also supplies energy to the greenhouse from PV panels that are located just below its surface.

▼曾经的工业大厅的钢结构，the steel structure of a former industrial hall © CreatAR

▼水面是良好的冷却设施，pool adjacent to the pavilions provides cooling © CreatAR

第一个展馆展示了沙漠的极端干旱气候，呈现了沙漠及岩石景观，展示那些能够耐受干旱但在各大洲濒危的植物及栖息地。与此相反，第二个展馆展现了热带雨林景观，而最后一个展馆的垂直花园则为多样的弹性展览提供了空间。保留工业构架上方的观景平台可以俯瞰整个公园及周边城市全貌。位于原有保留的工业构架的下方，一个大尺度的交通廊道将项目与周围自然环境融合，同时串联三个展馆和入口建筑。温室内外的不同的道路网络创造了多样的空间体验。通过主动探索，游客们穿越每一个空间序列，与建筑物进行多样的互动。廊道上的玻璃护栏拓宽了游客视野，上面轻微的坡度自然加速或减缓了他们的游览节奏。

The first pavilion recreates the radical aridity of the desert, with a sandy and rocky landscape that embodies the home of plants that can withstand drought yet are threatened by extinction in every continent. In contrast, the second pavilion contains the tropical vegetation of the rainforest, while the vertical flower gardens of the final pavilion offer space for travelling exhibitions. The terrace above the pavilions offers an overview of the entire park and the buildings that form the edge of the surrounding urban fabric. Between the three pavilions and the entrance building, and below the listed steel structure, a large scale circulation space integrates the project into the surrounding nature.

▼沙漠展馆，desert pavilion © CreatAR

▼热带展馆，tropical pavilion © CreatAR

沙漠和热带雨林植被之间不同的水位高差和水体形态汲取了自然的灵感，同时也隐喻了未来全球范围内关于气候变化带来的水资源问题。与此同时，温室立面有机起伏的玻璃幕墙不仅是建筑自身的主要肌理，也象征了人类与自然之间新的适应关系。近年来，DMAA 在温室设计方面积累了丰富的技术和设计经验，并将这些知识应用于上海温室花园的设计，旨在应对日益增长的气候变化带来的威胁。

The network of pathways within and between the greenhouses generates new qualities. By actively exploring this network, visitors pass through each spatial sequence, experiencing a targeted interaction with the built substance. Glazed parapets reveal these guests while gentle gradients speed up or slow down their progress.

▼热带展馆，tropical pavilion © CreatAR

项目用地曾经是一个钢铁厂，在2010年成为世博会举办场地。如今则是市中心的绿色休闲活动区域。曾经工业厂房中的工业构架作为场地的原有记忆，保留成为新建温室的上部构架。项目的一个目标是创造零能耗建筑，通过使用单层玻璃实现了这一点，因为这种方案比需要人工照明的方案更节能。 屋面上科学的开窗提供了通风和被动冷却。相邻的水体不仅是良好的冷却设施，水下安装的光伏面板也为建筑提供清洁能源。这些场馆再现了各种气候区，展示了濒临灭绝的植物群落，并包含了提供弹性展览空间的垂直花园。位于原有保留的工业构架的下方，一个大规模的交通廊道将项目与周围自然环境融合，同时串联三个展馆和入口建筑。交通网络贯穿每个空间序列，促进了参观者与建筑之间的互动。

The variation in water levels between the desert and the tropical vegetation is taken from nature, while also offering a global political perspective due to the questions about the future availability of water that are being raised by climate change. In this way, the organically undulating form of the facade becomes a leitmotif for not only the internal organization but also the new adaptable relationship between humans and nature.

▼一层平面图，1F plan © DMAA

▼二层平面图，2F plan © DMAA

▼三层平面图，3F plan © DMAA

▼四层平面图，4F plan © DMAA

▼五层平面图，5F plan © DMAA

CATEGORY: Cultural, Landscape, Design, Greenhouse

ADDRESS:Shanghai Expo Cultural Park – Guo Zhan Lu Pudong Xinqu, Shanghai

COMPETITION: 2018 (1st Price)

START OF PLANNING: 03/2019

START OF CONSTRUCTION: 01/2020

COMPLETION: 09/2024

GROSS SURFACE AREA: 41.000 m²

CONSTRUCTION VOLUME: 340.000 m³

SITE AREA: 47.000 m² (within the whole Park)

HEIGHT: 35 m

NUMBER OF LEVELS: 3

NUMBER OF BASEMENTS: 1

COSTS: € 300 Mio.

PROJECT MANAGER: Diogo Teixeira

PROJECT TEAM: Yue Chen, Jurgis, Gecys, Thomas, Peter-Hindelang, Toms Kampars, Prima Mathawabhan, Sebastian Michalski, Ernesto Mulch, Maximilian Tronnier, Toni Nachev, Marillies, Wedl

CONSULTANTS

COORDINATION: Yiju Ding

EXECUTIVE PLANNING: SIADR Co.Ltd

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING: Bollinger + Grohmann ZT GmbH

ENERGY DESIGN: Transsolar Energietechnik GmbH

LANDSCAPE DESIGN: Yiju Ding