武汉青岛路咸安坊保护更新项目丨中国武汉丨OUR都市再生

2024/11/20 14:40:12

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01.项目背景 Project Background

2023 年，历经百年风雨的咸安坊经过 4 年的保护与更新，蝶变为兼具历史文化和时尚新潮的开放社区，成为汉口历史风貌区的“新名片”，迎来富贵咸安的春暖花开。

In 2023, after four years of protection and renewal, Xian’an Fang, which has experienced a century of ups and downs, will be transformed into an open community with both history, culture and fashion. It will become the “new business card” of Hankou’s historical district and welcome the spring bloom of prosperous Xian’an.

▼咸安坊更新后航拍，Birdview of Xian’an Fang after renovation © 茭白影像

02. 片区历史

Historic Information

咸安坊是汉口英租界内的高档里分住宅区，始建于 1915 年，由若干华商业主集资，由汉兴昌、袁瑞泰、阮顺兴、永茂隆等众多营造厂共同承建，最终历时十多年于 1933 年完全建成。项目总建筑面积约 1.4 万平米，包括 5 个片区共 10 组建筑以及 3 处过街牌匾 1 处月亮门。除咸安坊 15 号为“棉花大王”黄少山自建住宅，其余单元采用“挂旗经租”的方式进行经营。

Xian’an Fang is a high-level residential area in the British Concession in Hankou. It was built in 1915 by several Chinese business owners, and jointly constructed by many construction companies such as Han Xingchang, Yuan Ruitai, Ruan Shunxing, and Yong Maolong. It ultimately took more than ten years to build and completely completed in 1933. The total construction area of the project is approximately 14,000 square meters, including 10 groups of buildings in 5 areas, 3 crossing plaques and 1 moon gate. Except for No. 15 Xian’an Fang, which is a self-built residence by “Cotton King” Huang Shaoshan, the other units are operated under the method of ” gua qi jing zu “, which mains applying to the consulate for registration and obtaining property rights as a foreigner.

▼1930 年地图咸安坊尚未建成/1931 年地图咸安坊已基本建成，Map of 1930: Xian’an Fang has not yet been built / Map of 1931: Xian’an Fang has been basically completed

据武汉市档案馆的文献记载，“咸安坊房屋建筑雍容华贵，居住环境优雅宁静，其地理位置尤为优越，为汉口高等住宅区，住有洋行职员、实业界人士、富商及当红艺人等社会名流，如轮船巨头卢作孚、药业大王陈太乙、汉剧大师陈伯华等都曾居住于此。百岁老人、辛亥革民志士喻育之亦居住在咸安坊 11 号多年。其规模和建筑特色均体现了那个时代的开发、设计、施工一流水平。”

According to documents from Wuhan Municipal Archives, “buildings in Xian’an Fang are luxurious, the living environment is elegant and quiet and its location is particularly advantageous. It is a high-level residential area in Hankou, where employees of foreign companys, businessmen, rich merchant, and popular artists lived. Celebrities such as the shipping magnate Lu Zuofu, the pharmaceutical king Chen Taiyi, and the master of Han opera Chen Bohua all lived here. The centenarian and revolutionary figure Yu Yuzhi also lived at No. 11 Xian’an Fang for many years. Its scale and architectural features reflect the first-class level of development, design, and construction in that era.”

▼咸安坊更新后俯视，Vertical view of Xian’an Fang after renovation ©茭白影像

咸安坊建造时，地权分割而形成的内部道路并未与城市道路平行，内部道路采取主-次-支三级结构，体现了用地合理集约的特征。三条 6 米宽的主巷形成“Y”字型，建构了里分建筑群的主要划分；次巷道宽 4 米，是各个住宅单元入户前的通道，可以通行小汽车；支巷宽 2 米，通常用作各个单元的后勤通道。

The internal roads formed by the division of land rights were not parallel to the urban roads. The internal roads adopted a three-level structure of primary-secondary-branch, which reflected the characteristics of reasonable and intensive land use. Three 6-meter-wide main lanes formed a “Y” shape constitutes the main division of the building complex; the secondary lane is 4 meters wide, which is the passage before each residential unit enters the house and can pass cars; the branch lane is 2 meters wide and is usually used as a logistics passage for each unit.

▼咸安坊里分布局特征分析，Analysis of distribution characteristics of Xian’an Fangli © OUR 都市再生

咸安坊的里分建筑特征，与上海石库门里弄建筑相比，更多体现了西方建筑风格下中国传统元素的运用。建筑室内空间格局上，作为集中式开发的里分住宅类型，咸安坊采用标准单元的模式，主要为“两间一厢”和“三间一厢”，还有少量因地籍边界转折形成的异形户型。单元内有前后天井，作为传统住宅中分离内外场所的“过渡空间”，也是高密度住宅内重要的“户外空间”。

Compared with the Shikumen Lane buildings in Shanghai, the architectural features of Xian’an Fang reflect more traditional Chinese elements in Western architectural styles. In terms of the indoor spatial pattern of the building, as a centralized development residential type, Xian’an Fang adopts the standard unit model, mainly “two spans with one sitting room” and “three spans with one sitting room “, with a small number of irregular apartment layouts formed due to changes in cadastral boundaries. There are front and rear patios in the unit, which serve as a “transitional space” that separates internal and external places in traditional residences. They are also an important “outdoor space” in high-density residences.

▼咸安坊宅内“户外空间”更新后效果，”outdoor space” in Xian’an Fang after renovation © 武汉华发

03.设计策略

Restoration Strategy

当下的文化遗产保护，已经从简单的本体保护，发展到注重城市价值、主张活化更新的方式介入项目，希望让城市的历史结构参与到当下与未来的城市发展中，不同时代新旧共生的交叠留住此地记忆，通过富有时代感的重组整合，巧妙融入现代人的生活场景活化整片区域。

▼改造策略，strategy © OUR 都市再生

The current protection of cultural heritage has evolved from simple building protection to intervention projects that focus on urban value and advocate revitalization and renewal. It is hoped that the historical structure of the city will participate in the current and future urban development, and the symbiosis of the old and the new in different eras will overlap. To retain the memory of this place, through reorganization and integration with a sense of the times, it can be cleverly integrated into the life scenes of modern people to activate the entire area.

▼咸安坊街区入口月亮门牌楼和古树，The moon gate and ancient tree at the entrance to Xian’an Fang District after renovation ©茭白影像

A.恪守历史建筑修缮整体性和原真性的保护原则

A. Adhere to the protection principles of integrity and authenticity of historical building restoration.

历史文化的传递除了通过文献资料的记载之外，最好的途径是通过物质本体和它的故事。本项目设计试图通过保留不同时间层次的历史遗存，让城市的历史结构参与到当下与未来的城市发展中，将此地的文脉传承下去。

In addition to the documentation of historical and cultural materials, the best way to transmit history and culture is through buildings and their stories. The design of this project attempts to preserve the historical relics at different levels of time, allowing the city’s historical structure to participate in the current and future urban development, and passing on the cultural context of the place.

▼入户门装饰细部修缮后效果特写，Entrance door decoration details after renovation©茭白影像

▼历史宅基石修缮后效果特写，Historic homestead stone after renovation ©茭白影像

作为武汉市优秀历史建筑和登记不可移动文物，本次设计重点保留修缮了建筑群“钢窗蜡板石库门、花岗石路红墙瓦”的特征部位，并将带有人名的地界碑重点呈现，以此留下当年若干华商业主集资采用“挂旗经租”的经营方式。

对主体结构加固实现灵活分合的弹性空间；街区内的参天大树原址保留并精心保养维护；新的历史信息和遗构在项目进程中不断被发现，不断被呈现。

除此之外，设计还挖掘到本项目原址曾与万里茶道有关，是近代俄商阜昌砖茶厂旧址。虽然茶栈在俄国十月革命后退出了武汉，但偶然留下的一口取水井成为了这段历史的唯一鉴证。

As the outstanding historical building and immovable cultural relic in Wuhan, designers focus on retaining and repairing the characteristic parts of the building complex “steel windows, Waxed wooden floor, Shikumen, granite roads, red brick wall and tiles”, and show boundary monuments with people’s names on them. The key points are presented, so as to leave some Chinese business owners in those days to adopt the business method of “gua qi jing zu” to raise funds. The main structure is reinforced to create a flexible space that can be flexibly opened and closed; the towering trees in the block are retained in their original locations and carefully maintained; new historical information and heritage structures are constantly discovered and presented during the project process. In addition, the design also discovered that the original site of this project was related to the Wanli Tea Ceremony and was the former site of the Fuchang Brick Tea Factory, a Russian merchant in modern times. Although the teahouse withdrew from Wuhan after the Russian October Revolution, an accidental water well became the only evidence of this history.

▼咸安坊入户单元前修缮后效果，Lane in front of the entrance after renovation ©茭白影像

以上通过不同时间点的历史遗存的呈现，体现出尊重各时代符合逻辑的变化，更加完整和生动再现这里的文化精髓，同时也给新的功能置入提供了文化基调。

The presentation of historical relics at different points in time above reflects respect for the logical changes in each era, more completely and vividly reproduces the cultural essence here, and also provides a cultural tone for the placement of new functions.

▼咸安坊主要街巷修缮后效果，Main lane after renovation ©茭白影像

B.修复的目的不是追求外观统一，而是尊重各时代符合逻辑的变化和添加。

B. The purpose of restoration is not to pursue uniform appearance, but to respect the logical changes and additions of each era.

里分建筑的魅力不止在精美的建筑风貌，近百年使用中衍生出的烟火气息让世人看到她的独特个性。原住民巧妙搭建的空中阁楼、利用旮旯空间建造的异形房屋……这些创造性的空间利用都为精致的高级里分叠加时代的记忆和个性。此次修缮设计不是一味追求回到设计最初的状态，而是在尊重原有的建筑风貌的前提下，保留代表不同时代发展变化的改造空间，体现出尊重各时代符合逻辑的变化和添加，让不同时代留下的文化精髓都能够延续和传承。

The charm of Lifen Building lies not only in its exquisite architectural style, but also in the pyrotechnic atmosphere derived from nearly a hundred years of use, allowing the world to see its unique personality. The aerial lofts cleverly built by the aborigines and the special-shaped houses built using nooks and crannies… These creative uses of space add the memory and personality of the era to the exquisite high-end zoning. This renovation design does not blindly pursue returning to the original state of the design, but on the premise of respecting the original architectural style, retains the transformation space that represents the development and changes of different eras, reflecting respect for the logical changes and additions of each era, allowing the cultural essence left by different eras can be continued and passed on.

▼改造旮旯空间异形房屋成为街角的焦点，The preserved odd-shaped houses become the focus of the street corner ©茭白影像

▼咸安坊阳台凭栏遥望，Leaning on the railing and looking into the distance © OUR 都市再生

▼咸安坊阳台装饰细部，Decoration details after renovation © OUR 都市再生

C.在高密度的历史建成环境中，创造多类型小尺度公共开放空间。

C. Create multiple types of small-scale public open spaces in high-density historical built environments.

里分建筑拥有严整的空间肌理，是高密度历史建成环境的典型类型，只有半开放的天井空间，缺乏真正共享开放的环境。本项目在改造更新后作为开放式街区，需要通过一定的公共空间形成空间肌理的丰富度。因此，设计思考在高密度历史建成环境中，通过立体多维小尺度开放空间，为街区创造多类型的开放环境。首先是利用局部坍塌建筑，将其基底通过景观手法，为街区创造 3 处公共开放的广场空间；其次是在不同时期加建的屋顶空间中，挑选一些视角风景较好的位置，营造可以欣赏街区的露天平台，为历史建筑提供更多的观赏角度，同时也为高密度建成环境增加立体的开放环境。

The Lifen building has a tight texture and is a typical type of high-density historical built environment. It only has semi-open patio space and lacks a truly shared and open environment. As an open block after renovation and renewal, this project needs to create a rich spatial texture through certain public spaces. Therefore, the designers try to create multiple types of open environments for the blocks through three-dimensional and multi-dimensional small-scale open spaces in the high-density historical built environment. The first is to use partially collapsed buildings and use landscape techniques to create three public open square spaces for the block. Secondly, among the roof spaces added in different periods, select some locations with better views to create a place where you can appreciate the block. The open-air platform provides more viewing angles for historical buildings, while also adding a three-dimensional open environment to the high-density built environment.

▼景观广场为高密度里分空间创造户外共享空间和公共活力，Landscape plazas create outdoor shared spaces and public vitality for high-density divided spaces © 武汉华发

▼多层级的露天平台，Multi-level outdoor terrace ©武汉华发

04.活化利用

Activation and utilization

里分建筑不仅仅是一个居住单元，更代表了一种先进的生活方式。据 1932 年数据，共有 127 个类别，738 家商铺散落在汉口的里分建筑里，绸缎裘皮、山货海味、成衣定制、歌剧舞厅、书局戏院、高档餐厅……可以说当时汉口人的吃穿用度都在里分中生长、繁荣。

The Lifen building is not just a living unit, but also represents an advanced lifestyle. According to data from 1932, there were a total of 127 categories and 738 shops scattered in the buildings of Hankou, including silks and furs, custom-made mountain products and seafood, opera and dance halls, bookstores and theaters, high-end restaurants... It can be said that the food and clothing of Hankou people at that time Degrees grow and prosper in Lifen.

▼户外公共艺术展览为里分空间带来活力，Outdoor public art exhibition brings vitality to Lifen space ©武汉华发

▼历史保护修缮展厅传承在地文化和修缮工艺，

The historical protection and restoration exhibition hall inherits local culture and restoration techniques ©武汉华发

因此本项目以传承大汉口百年里分风华为核心，注重文化与时尚的结合，打造艺术馆、策展空间、艺术沙龙等，提供现代戏剧和时尚交互的艺术体验，定期举办各类展览和活动，通过不同的活动和展览，打造一个集文化、商业、生活、艺术于一体的综合性商业地标，引领城市生活新潮流。

Therefore, this project is centered on inheriting the century-old style of Hankou, focusing on the combination of culture and fashion, creating art galleries, curatorial spaces, art salons, etc., to provide an artistic experience where modern drama and fashion interact; various exhibitions and activities are held regularly. With the ability to create a comprehensive commercial landmark integrating culture, commerce, life and art through different activities and exhibitions, it will lead the new trend of urban life.

▼屋顶鸟瞰修缮后，The roof after renovation © OUR 都市再生

▼主弄修缮后，The main lane after renovation © OUR 都市再生

▼街角修缮后，The lane corner after renovation© OUR 都市再生

▼立面细部修缮后，The facade details after renovation © OUR 都市再生

结语

Conclusion

历史建筑建筑修复过程中需要时时思考的是，如何在符合严格的遗产建筑保护要求的同时，还能创新地活化利用。咸安坊项目给予我们一次实践的机会，在保护与创新的实践中寻找到互补与平衡，为片区的保护和发展寻找一条可持续的更新道路。

In the process of restoring historical buildings, we need to always think about how to meet the strict protection requirements of heritage buildings and also revitalize them innovatively. The Xian’an Fang project gives us an opportunity to practice, find complementarity and balance in the practice of protection and innovation, and find a sustainable renewal path for the protection and development of the area.

▼总平面图，masterplan© OUR 都市再生