EcoCommons & 校园景观中的社会和生态弹性丨南非乔治

EcoCommons – Social and Ecological Resilience in the Campus Landscape｜Nelson Byrd Woltz Landscape Architects

项目陈述

PROJECT STATEMENT

位于乔治亚理工学院占地8英亩的EcoCommons公园是一个以生态和社会为导向的教学空间，突出了当地的生态，并突出了该场地几乎被遗忘的民权历史。EcoCommons被设想为三个主要区域，通过普遍可达的路径巧妙地连接起来。学习平台可容纳户外课程并具有雨水收集功能，同时为当地野生动植物提供栖息地和空气质量监测；游戏区可以看到周围的校园、聚会区，低矮的娱乐滑梯和吊床；沉思场所提醒着人们在这里发生的重大民权事件，同时创造出引人反思的沉思空间。

The 8-acre EcoCommons at Georgia Institute of Technology is an ecologically and socially driven pedagogical space, highlighting native ecologies and daylighting the site’s nearly forgotten Civil Rights history. The design of the EcoCommons was conceived as three primary zones artfully connected by universally accessible paths. The learning deck accommodates outdoor classes and stormwater capture while providing habitat and air quality monitoring; The play area provides views to the surrounding campus, gathering areas, and adult-sized slides and hammocks on the lower elevations; and The Contemplative Site reminds us of the momentous Civil Rights events that happened on the site while providing contemplative space for reflection.

▲EcoCommons项目位于亚特兰大市中心的佐治亚理工学院The EcoCommons at the Georgia Institute of Technology in the heart of midtown Atlanta. © Nick Hubbard

项目说明

PROJECT NARRATIVE

EcoCommons是乔治亚理工学院校园内最大的独立景观项目，实现了该项在2004年校园景观计划中设定的目标。设计团队为该项目设想了一系列相互连接的开放空间，这些空间在校园中编织，同时为社区聚会、放松和学习提供了新的设施。EcoCommons这样的开放空间是属首例，项目的成功为未来提供了一种可借鉴的模式。它还表明，只有当生态和社会功能都得到解决时，才能实现真正的生态与社会弹性。

该项目将一座停车场和被拆除的警察局改造成了乔治亚州皮埃蒙特原生生态景观。场地的地形和水文设计反映了由区域自然发生的溪流路径形成的历史地貌。这个功能强大的景观能够收集场地上超过50%的降雨，进而减少雨水径流，每年能够从城市下水道系统中截流数百万加仑的雨水。场地内设有可容纳超过50万加仑的蓄水池，并能够通过生物湿地贮存雨水，这些雨水经过净化能够重新用于灌溉。

公园内种植了660多棵树，包括橡树、松树和山核桃，它们最终将为该地区创造75%的树冠覆盖率。各种各样的本地植物来创造不同的感官体验和生态区，增加场地的雨水吸收能力，并在城市生态环境中提供了丰富多样的原生栖息地，包括：林地、湿地、草原、草甸、草甸、草坪和树林。

在社会层面上，EcoCommons为学校师生和员工创造了一处全新且充满活力的景观，为人们提供了娱乐、聚会、学习和放松的理想场所。这个开放的校园绿地以可达的多用途通道为特色，有许多入口和出口点，以改善公园和校园连接。吊床、滑梯和其他功能性景观节点鼓励了人们的聚会和交流。设计团队还在整个景观中战略性地放置了20多个数据传感器，学生和教师都可以观察和监测空气质量、温度、水质、土壤渗透、湿度、风速、二氧化碳水平和气压等数据，进而将实时的当地环境数据纳入学术教学。

此外，EcoCommons的设计还涉及了亚特兰大民权历史上的一个重要节点。在研究和发现阶段，景观设计师了解到这里曾经是Pickrick餐厅的所在地，1964年，民权法案通过后的一天，来自当地神学院的三名黑人学生George Willis Jr， Albert Lee Dunn和Woodrow T. Lewis发起了废除种族隔离制度的活动。而这家仅限白人的餐馆拒绝了他们，老板Lester Maddox煽动了一群暴徒用霰弹枪和镐柄将他们撵出。这也导致了后续依据《民权法案》的第一项联邦政府诉讼。

这些学生的行动和勇敢启发了设计团队，因此，设计师希望在场地中标记出他们行动的真实地点。凸起的钢边勾勒出Pickrick餐厅的足迹。三块巨石从低矮的墙上向内推进，既代表障碍，也代表了门。三棵长叶松，作为沉思地的唯一常绿树种，反映了这种无畏的精神，同时象征着勇敢的人物。附近的三条大木凳进一步反映了这个概念，同时为人们提供了安静的反思时刻。

▲EcoCommons项目将是乔治亚理工学院校园中第一个独立的景观设计，The plan for the EcoCommons is the first standalone landscape design on the campus. © Nelson Byrd Woltz Landscape Architects

▲EcoCommons融入校园，在重建水文功能的同时，改善了校园内的交通循环，并提供了多样化的体验，The EcoCommons weaves into the campus, enhancing circulation and providing diverse experiences while re-establishing hydrological function. © Nick Hubbard

▲EcoCommons让人们沉浸在皮埃蒙特的原生生态中。在这里，勤劳的蜜蜂为许多开花植物进行了授粉，EcoCommons immerses visitors in native Piedmont ecology. Here, productive bee boxes provide pollinating services for the many flowering plants. © Nick Hubbard

▲滑梯为人们提供了一种有趣的游览路径与方式，Whimsical slides offer a playful way to navigate grade change. © Nick Hubbard

▲木板路和小路在整个场地上创造出各种普遍可达的交通模式，Boardwalks and pathways create a variety of universally accessible circulation patterns throughout the site. © Nick Hubbard

▲郁郁葱葱的植物受到当地生态系统的启发，有助于贮存和再利用现场50%以上的雨水，Lush plantings are inspired by native ecosystems and help to capture and reuse over 50% of stormwater onsite. © Nick Hubbard

▲郁金香树点缀着吊床花园，使花园充满了秋天的色彩，旁边则是起伏的原生草地，Tupelo trees punctuate the hammock garden with fall color next to the raised native meadow. © Nick Hubbard

▲学生们在吊床花园安静的户外环境中聚会、休息和学习，Students gather, rest, and study in the calming outdoor environment of the hammock garden. © Nick Hubbard

▲漂浮在集水区上方的学习平台为户外课程和聚会提供了空间，A learning deck floating above a water catchment provides space for outdoor classes and gathering. © Nick Hubbard

▲学习码头为学生提供了一处身临其境的室外空间，体现了生态共享景观的三个主要原则：学习、参与和反思，The learning dock is an immersive outdoor room that embodies the three primary tenets of the EcoCommons landscape: learn, engage, and reflect. © Nick Hubbard

▲由景观设计师设计的一系列解释性标识突出了场地的生态、功能和文化叙事，A series of interpretive signs designed by the landscape architect highlight the ecological, functional, and cultural narratives of the site. © Nick Hubbard

▲联合广场标志着具有全国意义的民权历史事件，体现出社会恢复力和生态恢复力的相互依赖性，Unity Plaza marks a Civil Rights history event of national significance; it acknowledges the interdependence of social and ecological resilience. © Nick Hubbard

▲三个垂直的基座是为了纪念George Willis Jr，Albert Lee Dunn，以及Woodrow T. Lewis，这三位学生致力于废除亚特兰大的种族隔离制度，Three vertical plinths stand in memory of George Willis Jr, Albert Lee Dunn, and Woodrow T. Lewis, three students who worked to desegregate Atlanta © Max Touhey

▲鸟瞰高地草地和联合广场，Aerial view of the raised meadow and Unity Plaza. © Nick Hubbard

▲占地8英亩的EcoCommons为亚特兰大市中心的学生、教师和游客提供了一处身临其境的自然休憩场所，The 8 acre EcoCommons provides an immersive, natural escape for students, faculty, and visitors in the heart of Atlanta. © Nick Hubbard

PROJECT NARRATIVE

The EcoCommons is the largest standalone landscape project on GA Tech’s campus manifesting goals set out in their 2004 Campus Landscape Plan. The plan envisions a series of interconnected open spaces weaving through the campus while providing new amenities for the community to gather, relax, and study. The EcoCommons is the first of such open spaces, providing a highly successful model for future initiatives. It also shows that a resilient commons emerges only when both ecological and social functions are addressed.

The project transformed a parking lot and demolished police station into a thriving landscape of native Georgia Piedmont ecology. The site’s topography and hydrological flows were designed to reflect its historic landforms defined by regional naturally occurring stream paths. The highly functional landscape reduces stormwater runoff by capturing over 50% of rainfall on-site, diverting millions of gallons of stormwater annually from the city’s sewer system. It can accommodate more than 500,000 gallons of stormwater in cisterns and bioswales, which are cleansed and repurposed for irrigation.

Over 660 trees were planted including oaks, pines, and hickories – they will eventually provide the site with 75% canopy coverage. A wide variety of additional native plantings were chosen to create diverse sensory experiences and ecological zones, increase the site’s capacity for stormwater absorption, and provide a mosaic of native habitats within an urban ecological context, including woodland, wetland, prairie, meadow, meadow, lawn, and grove.

Socially, the EcoCommons creates a new, vibrant landscape for students, faculty, and staff to utilize for recreation, gathering, study, and relaxation. This open campus green space features accessible, multi-use pathways with numerous entry and exit points to improve circulation and campus connectivity. Hammocks, slides, and other site features encourage gathering and exchange. Over 20 data sensors are strategically placed throughout the landscape for students and faculty to access and monitor air quality, temperature, water quality, soil percolation, humidity, wind speed, carbon dioxide levels, and barometric pressure, incorporating real-time, local environmental data into academic instruction.

The EcoCommons also lifts up a significant story in Atlanta’s Civil Rights history. During the research and discovery phase, the landscape architect learned that the site had been home to the Pickrick Restaurant where, in 1964, one day after the passing of the Civil Rights Act, three Black students from a local seminary, George Willis Jr, Albert Lee Dunn, and Woodrow T. Lewis, acted to desegregate the establishment. The white-only restaurant refused them, and the owner, Lester Maddox, incited a mob. This event led to the first federal lawsuit upheld by the Civil Rights Act.

The agency and bravery of the activism of these students inspired the design team to mark the authentic site of their actions. A raised steel edge outlines the footprint of the Pickrick Restaurant. Three monoliths push inwards from a low wall, representing both obstacle and door. Three longleaf pines, the only evergreens in the contemplative site, reflect those forms while symbolizing the courageous figures. Nearby, three large wooden benches further reflect the concept while encouraging moments of quiet reflection.

Project Credits

Georgia Tech Capital Planning and Space Management, On-campus collaborators

Barge – Landscape Architect of Record and NBW the Design Landscape Architect

Biohabitats, Ecology Consultant

Long Engineering, Civil Engineering

Newcomb & Boyd, Lighting Design

Irrigation Consultant Services, Irrigation Consultant

Turner Construction, Contractor