传承传统生活方式的住宅丨日本福岛丨Architrip Inc

我们参与了福岛县福岛市一座古老民宅的翻新设计和施工。这座房屋已有150年的悠久历史，坐落在福岛市郊区，周围自然环境优美，景色宜人。

We worked on the design and construction of a renovation of an old folk house in Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture. The house has a long history, dating back 150 years, and is located in a suburban area of Fukushima City, rich in nature.

▼老宅外观，exterior view of the old house © Yoshiki Yokoyama

在设计和施工过程中，我们注重保留这片土地上岁月流转的痕迹，力求打造一处能够传承给下一代的居所。这座房屋大量运用了日本传统工艺，我们尽可能保留了原有的材料和建造方法。我们的修复理念并非拆除旧建筑并重建新结构，而是在保留尽可能多的日本传统技艺和材料的同时，赋予其新的价值。即使需要使用新材料，我们也选择了能够与现有装饰和谐融合的自然材质。

In designing and constructing the house, we valued the passage of time that has been etched into this place, and aimed to create a place that could be passed on to the next generation. The house used many traditional Japanese techniques, and we planned to preserve these materials and construction methods as much as possible. Our approach to the restoration of old folk homes is not to dismantle the old and rebuild it anew, but to add new value while retaining as much of the traditional Japanese techniques and materials as possible. Even when new materials were used, we selected natural materials that would blend well with the existing finishes.

▼保留传统老结构，新旧结构并置，retain the traditional old structure, juxtaposition of old and new structures © Yoshiki Yokoyama

▼细部，details © Yoshiki Yokoyama

该地区自古以来盛行养蚕业，这座房屋也曾作为养蚕场所使用。设计中保留了当时养蚕的特色，例如将养蚕用的筐子融入栏杆和墙面装饰材料中，创造出独特的养蚕意象。

Sericulture has been popular in this area for a long time, and sericulture was also practiced in this property. The building was designed to retain the appearance of sericulture in those days, with baskets used in sericulture being used as part of the railing and as wall material to create a sericultural image.

▼墙面装饰材料融入了养蚕用的筐，The wall decoration material is integrated into the basket used for silkworm rearing © Yoshiki Yokoyama

房屋的室内空间主要分为两个部分：生活空间和日本传统“土间”（泥地）。房屋总面积约200平方米，但随着家庭结构和生活方式的变化，不再需要将所有房间都用作生活空间，因此我们设计了灵活多样的布局，以满足不同的生活需求。

The interior of the house is divided into two main sections: living space and earthen floor space. The total floor area is about 200m2, but due to changes in family structure and lifestyle, it is no longer necessary to use all the rooms as living space, so it was planned to accommodate a variety of living styles.

▼“土间”全览，overall of the earthen floor space © Yoshiki Yokoyama

▼俯瞰“土间”，overlooking the earthen floor space © Yoshiki Yokoyama

生活空间采用了隔热设计，并规划了一条便捷的生活动线，让食、衣、住可以在这个区域内完成。主要地板材质为榻榻米，营造出日式风格的居住空间，让人们可以围坐在餐桌旁，感受老民居独特的温馨氛围。

The living space is insulated, and a flow line was created so that food, clothing, and shelter can be completed. It is a Japanese-style space with tatami mats as the main flooring so that many people can gather around the dining table while enjoying the coziness of an old folk house.

▼由“土间”看生活空间，viewing the living room from the earthen floor space © Yoshiki Yokoyama

“土间”约占房屋约一半面积，可作为多用途空间使用，其特色是与外部空间的高度连通性。通过降低门槛，访客可以直接踩着泥土进入室内。这一设计非常适合房主在田间劳作后休息，或作为邻里间的轻松聚会场所。此外，这个空间通风良好，非常适合储存蔬菜和水果，展现了当地农业和养蚕文化的地域特色。

The earthen floor space, which occupies about half of the building, is intended for a variety of uses. The earthen floor is characterized by its continuity with the outside. By lowering the threshold from the outside, visitors can enter directly with their feet in the dirt. This makes it ideal for the owner, who cultivates the fields, to use when taking a break, or for a casual gathering place for neighbors. This space is also airy and ideal for storing vegetables and fruits and is characterized by the sense of local character that is unique to this place where farming and sericulture are practiced.

▼“土间”与外部空间保持了高度连通性，the earthen floor space maintains a high degree of connectivity with the external space © Yoshiki Yokoyama

传统的日本建筑以灵活多变的平面布局为特色。通过障子（纸拉门）和襖（推拉门），可以根据生活需求调整光线的进入方式，同时将周围的自然景致引入室内。如今，这类设计已变得稀有，而在这座房屋中，我们通过障子和襖的巧妙运用，打造了一个高度可变的空间。

Originally, Japanese architecture was primarily based on a variable floor plan. Shoji screen and fusuma sliding doors were used to create a place that suited one’s lifestyle, adjusting the way light entered the room and creating a cutaway view of the landscape. Such houses have become rare in recent years, but this property created a highly variable space by incorporating shoji screen and fusuma sliding doors.

▼障子（纸拉门）和襖（推拉门），Shoji screen and fusuma sliding doors © Yoshiki Yokoyama

透过窗户望向室外，周围的景致仿佛被“框景”进室内，成为居住空间的一部分。人们可以切身感受到四季的更替和自然环境的变化，实现了人与自然的和谐共生。

Looking out through the windows, one can cut out and view the surrounding landscape. This scenery becomes a part of the residence, and one can feel the changing seasons and environment.

▼榻榻米与木材的结合，the combination of tatami and wood  © Yoshiki Yokoyama

▼浴室，bathroom © Yoshiki Yokoyama

▼一层平面图，1st floor plan © Architrip Inc

▼夹层平面图，attic floor plan © Architrip Inc

Photo Credits

All photos are credited to Yoshiki Yokoyama.