历经三个时代的塔楼丨罗马尼亚克卢日纳波卡

塔楼的历史时代 The historical ages of the tower

消防塔的前身是一座织工塔（Weavers’ Tower），很可能建于 15 世纪的最后几十年，也是这座城市于中世纪建成的城区的重要组成部分，几个世纪以来这座高塔一直守护着这里。在 19 世纪 70 年代早期，城市的城门塔楼被拆除后，市议会投票决定将其改造成消防员的塔楼。1985 年，这座塔又被改造成天文博物馆，顶部的玻璃金字塔，取代了原先的消防站尖桩，当时颇受当地市民的欢迎。2017 年当地市政府组织了一次对于该消防塔改造方案的竞赛，而此次竞赛实际上为建筑师和当地政府打开了通往城市历史新阶段的大门，与定制当地建筑或公共空间干预新策略息息相关。

Most likely built in the last decades of the 15th century, the Firefighters Tower, formerly the Weavers’ Tower, was part of the second medieval precinct of the city, guarding the neighborhood for centuries. After the demolition of the gate towers of the city, in the early 1870s, the city council voted for it to be transformed into a firefighter’s tower. In 1985, the tower was transformed into a popular astronomical museum, receiving a glass pyramid at its top, which replaced the old picket of the firehouse. The competition for the revitalization of the Firefighter’s Tower in 2017 practically opened the door to a new stage in the history of the city, both for architects and for the local administration, regarding properly relating to new interventions on buildings or public spaces.

▼项目概览，overall of the project© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

▼塔楼与周边城市环境，the tower and surrounding environment© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

第三时代的解读 The argument of the third age 塔楼的建造与改造过程是连续的，从用于防御的军事塔楼，到观察城市情况的消防塔，再到新时代的城市天文台，塔楼逐渐变身成一处沉思和反思城市发展的地方。而塔楼的第三个时代则是通过离散、整合和统一的干预策略来开启的，其目的是通过简单和可逆的方式，激活塔楼的室内外空间，同时对城市的过去和未来做出一种建筑层面上的解读。城市的沙盘模型，作为一种展示模式，成为了这种解读的一部分，无论是未来城市规划还是过去的现实，都是代表了城市发展的不同阶段。

The tower, built in successive layers, used for defense and then for watching the city, remains an urban observatory through the new age, a place of contemplation and reading of urban development. The third age is materialized through a discrete, integrated and unitary intervention, which aims, by simple and reversible means, to obtain a consistent activation of the tower, while also providing a reading on the past and future city. The diorama, as a mode of exposition, becomes a part of the expression of this reading, both on the scale of an emerging reality (the proposed new level) and of past realities, captured in different stages of the city’s evolution.

▼街景视角，street views© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

▼街景视角，street views© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

▼仰视塔楼，looking up to the top of the tower© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

▼屋顶天花板的镜面材质，mirror material of the roof ceiling © arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

▼入口，entrance© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

▼修复后的外墙细部，details of exterior© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

半透明的核心

Translucent core

在移除所有钢筋混凝土元素后，全新的交通空间成为塔楼的核心，方便了楼层的可达性，让人们能够更加方便地参观塔楼的内部空间，并强加结构的刚性。全新的核心空间宛如笼罩在半透明的面纱中，核心因此成为塔楼第三个时代的一部分，它揭示了塔楼演变的阶段。

▼分析图，analysis diagram© Vlad Sebastian Rusu Architecture Office + Octav Silviu Olănescu Architecture

After the removal of all reinforced concrete elements, the new core becomes the backbone of the tower, which facilitates accessibility to the upper level, allows visiting the interior space and gives structural rigidity. Proposed as a semi-transparent veil, the core thus becomes part of the tower’s third age, which reveals the other phases and stages of its evolution.

▼入口空间，entrance area© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

▼交通核心，circulation core© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

▼镂空金属板营造出半透明的效果

hollow metal plates create a translucent effect© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

▼楼梯细部，details of the staircase© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

▼墙面细部，details of the wall© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

记忆的层次

Layers with memory

这座塔随着城市的发展而发展，在塔上可以看到这种发展的痕迹。这些痕迹成为一层又一层的记忆，为人们提供了在参观中的休息和阅读的时刻。这些引起人们无尽联想的空间从塔楼的内壳中谨慎地分离出来，标志着第三个时代的阶段。小型展览区围绕塔楼核心的立体沙盘模型组织，为人们创造出连续的感官体验。

The tower grew with the city and traces of this evolution can be read on it. These traces become layers of memory, assumed in the proposal as moments of rest and reading during the visit. The imagined spaces detach discreetly from the inner shell of the tower, marking the stage of the third age. Their sensory content is supported by minimal display pieces alongside the existing dioramas in the central core.

▼围绕在核心周围的休息与参观区，resting and exhibition area© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

▼整合于电梯井上的展览区，exhibition area integrated into the elevator shaft© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

▼电梯井，the elevator shaft© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

▼近景细部，closer view© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

室内空间的分级 The hierarchy of interior space

建筑师在设计时构想了人们在塔楼中从上向下的路线，塔的旅程将从最高的全景层开始，在那里游客扮演双重角色，既是演员也是观众。从这里开始，参观路线向下，穿过不同的空间和楼层，创作出一系列的感官体验，以及展览的叙事线索，揭示了塔楼的历史。游客通过立体模型和 VR 空间场景，沿着观光路线体验和见证着城市和塔楼的历史时刻。

▼学生参观场景，students visiting the tower© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

Imagined as a descending route, the journey of the tower starts from the highest panoramic level, where the visitor plays the double role: of actor and spectator of the present reality. From here the visiting route descends, going through different spaces and layers, offering a series of sensory experiences, along with a narrative exhibition thread, which reveals previous realities. The visitor experiences and investigates moments from the history of the city and the tower through the spatial scenes of dioramas and augmented reality, present along the sightseeing route.

▼顶部新建楼层，top level© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

▼通往观景台的楼梯，steps leading to the observatory© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

▼露台中央的城市沙盘模型，the dioramas in the center of the terrace© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

▼天花板上的倒影，reflection on the ceiling© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

材料 Materiality

所有的新元素都由金属元素制成，这些金属元素与塔的内外墙分离，产生了一定的半透明性，将塔楼前两个阶段的痕迹暴露于空间中。塔楼的其他遗产元素（砖石、烟囱、木工等）已根据历史遗迹的具体原则进行了修复，并通过石雕等传统技术再现了塔楼的中世纪风貌，精细抛光的石膏则重现了塔楼巴洛克时代的辉煌。

All the new elements are proposed to be made of metal elements, which are detached from the inner and outer shell of the tower, generating a certain semi-transparency for reading the first two ages of the tower. The rest of the heritage elements of the tower (masonry, chimneys, carpentry, etc.) have been restored according to the principles specific to historical monuments, conjuring the medieval age of the tower through traditional techniques (with the stonework left visible) and the baroque age evoked by finely polished plasters.

▼夜景，night views© arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu

▼总平面图，master plan© Vlad Sebastian Rusu Architecture Office + Octav Silviu Olănescu Architecture

▼平面图，plans© Vlad Sebastian Rusu Architecture Office + Octav Silviu Olănescu Architecture

▼平面图，plans© Vlad Sebastian Rusu Architecture Office + Octav Silviu Olănescu Architecture

▼立面图，elevations© Vlad Sebastian Rusu Architecture Office + Octav Silviu Olănescu Architecture

▼剖面图，sections © Vlad Sebastian Rusu Architecture Office + Octav Silviu Olănescu Architecture

▼细部详图，detailed drawing© Vlad Sebastian Rusu Architecture Office + Octav Silviu Olănescu Architecture

Credits:

Location: Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Architecture

Vlad Sebastian Rusu Architecture Office and Octav Silviu Olănescu Architecture Office

Main authors: arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu, arch. Octav Silviu Olănescu, arch. Anamaria Olănescu

Colaborators: arch. Andra Vlădoiu, arch. Anda Gheorghe, arch. Petrică Maier Drăgan

Structure: Asiza Birou de Arhitectura S.R.L. – eng. Ovidiu Rusu, eng. Mihai Stănuș

Instalations: Gradinstal S.R.L. – eng. Paul Biriș

Experts: Technical expertise – eng. Ludovic Kopenetz

Constructions physiscs expertise – eng. Peter Alex Adalbert

Biological expertise – biol. Livia Bucșa

Studies: Historical study– hist. Bordás Beata and hist. Weisz Attila

Plaster study – hist. Zsolt Kovács

Archaeological diadnosis – hist. Adrian Rusu

On-site research I.N.C.D. – INCERC Bucharest – eng. Claudiu Matei

Geology – eng. Gabriel Baciu

Topography – eng. Ovidiu Moldovan

General Contractors:

Research Consorzio Stabile Societate Consortile – eng. Traian Hidișan

Decorint S.R.L. – eng. Nicolae Moldovan

Photo: arch. Cosmin Dragomir, arch. Vlad Sebastian Rusu