北京新世纪实验小学改造设计丨中国北京丨URBANUS都市实践

这两年，全国中小学教育资源最好的北京西城区，受限于其学校空间条件的局促，为解决近期学位小高峰的来临，也在推动“小而精、小而美”的校园焕新。西城区教委确定 19 个项目，更是针对品质偏弱的学校，举全区之力，精准找出各自的问题进行点穴治疗，用新的校园颜值来带动其教育特色和发展品质，形成更加良好的教育生态。

In recent years, Xicheng District in Beijing, home to some of the country’s top primary and secondary education resources, has faced challenges due to the limited space in its schools. To accommodate the anticipated increase in student enrollment, the district has been rolling out “small but refined, small but beautiful” school revitalization projects. The Xicheng District Education Commission has identified 19 schools in need of improvement, particularly those with subpar facilities. By pooling resources across the district, they have pinpointed the specific issues at each school and implemented targeted solutions. These efforts not only aim to enhance the schools’ aesthetics but also strengthen their educational identity and overall quality, contributing to a more vibrant and sustainable educational environment.

▼改造后学校操场和教学楼立面，The renovated school sports ground and teaching building façade © UK Studio

▼一层操场及彩色拱廊，The ground-level sports ground and colorful arcade © UK Studio

位于北京南中轴的先农坛一带，一直是日新月异的古都中一片蒙尘的区域。天、地、日、月四坛，一直就是北京人日常生活中的公园，而很多人可能都没听说过被大杂院占领的先农坛。随着近些年来中轴线申遗工作的开展，先农坛重新焕发皇家光彩，是最近古都更新最鲜亮的一笔。

Located along the southern axis of Beijing, the Xiannongtan area has long been a forgotten corner in the ever-evolving ancient capital. The four altars—Heaven, Earth, Sun, and Moon—have always been integral parts of daily life for Beijingers, serving as public parks. However, many may not have even heard of Xiannongtan, which had been overtaken by crowded residential courtyards. With the recent efforts to seek UNESCO World Heritage status for the central axis, restoring Xiannongtan’s former imperial splendor has become one of the most important highlights of the city’s renewal.

▼修缮后的庆城宫，The restored Qingcheng Palace © UK Studio

庆成宫就位于先农坛内坛东北部，是明清两代帝王行耕谡礼后，到此休息和犒赏随从之处。解放后，这个闲逸的空间成为南城人口爆涨后无序的居住区，50 余处民居挤满了庆成宫的各个院落，成了一个典型的脏乱差大杂院。

Qingcheng Palace, located in the northeast section of the inner altar of Xiannongtan, was historically a place where emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties would rest and reward their attendants after performing ceremonial plowing rites. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, this peaceful space was transformed into a chaotic residential area as the population in the southern part of the city surged. Over 50 households crowded into the courtyards of Qingcheng Palace, turning it into a typical example of a cluttered and deteriorating communal living area.

▼修缮前的庆城宫，Qingcheng Palace before restoration ©URBANUS 都市实践

平行于这种环境，紧挨着庆成宫北墙的新世纪实验小学，也在自己院内的东西两侧拼命地加建小平房，使本来就不够用的操场被蚕食得更可怜：跑道和球场重叠，跑着跑着都有可能被平房伸出的台阶绊倒。课余活动时间，孩子们依然乖乖地被束缚在自己的座位上，无处可去。

Adjacent to the northern wall of Qingcheng Palace, New Century Experimental Primary School also struggled with its limited space. Over time, small single-story buildings were hastily added to the east and west sides of its courtyard, further encroaching on the already cramped sports ground. The track and sports ground overlapped, creating hazards where students running laps risked tripping over the protruding steps of the extensions. During breaks, children had no choice but to remain confined to their seats, with no space to engage in recreational activities.

▼改造前的学校操场与庆城宫/改造前学校操场和教学楼，The school sports ground and Qingcheng Palace before renovation / The school sports ground and teaching building before renovation© URBANUS 都市实践

在这个以手工艺为特色的学校，手工作业展示竟和全校唯一的一台钢琴挤在一间小屋里，全校腾不出一间多余的教室。

At this craft-focused school, the display of handmade works was crammed into a small room along with the school’s only piano. There was no extra classroom available for any other activities.

▼改造前的手工艺教室，The craft classroom before renovation © URBANUS 都市实践

学校坐落在这片小区的腹地。小区虽然能行车，但路窄，每次打车来都停在外围大街上，再穿过成片灰色的住宅，步行到学校。作为这里唯一的公建，本应带来活力的学校变得和邻居们一样灰头土脸。庆成宫的屋顶是与朱漆墙身形成色彩互补的绿色琉璃瓦，随着修缮的完成，红墙绿瓦在一片灰蒙蒙的小区中虽然更加艳丽了，却又增加了二者的隔膜感。

▼修缮完的庆城宫与改造前的校园南侧，The restored Qingcheng Palace and the southern side of the school before renovation ©URBANUS 都市实践

The school is located deep within this residential area. While cars can access the area, the roads are narrow, and whenever one takes a taxi, it has to stop on the main street. From there, a walk through a cluster of gray residential buildings is required to reach the school. As the only public building in the area, the school, which should have brought vitality, instead blends into the drabness of its surroundings.

The roof of Qingcheng Palace is covered with green glazed tiles, which beautifully complement the red lacquered walls. With the completion of the restoration, the red walls and green tiles now stand out more vibrantly against the gray backdrop of the neighborhood, but this contrast also heightens the sense of separation between the palace and the surrounding area.

▼修缮完的庆城宫与改造后的校园南侧，The restored Qingcheng Palace and the renovated southern side of the school © UK Studio

走进小学原来的校园，咫尺之遥的庆成宫仿佛是个异托邦，因为这边的环境与那边的完全不在同一个可交流的语境中。因此，对这个项目问题的直觉诊断是：它不仅仅缺乏空间，还缺失了让孩子们意识到自己就是皇家宫殿陪伴者的这一得天独厚的身份，更缺位了一个社区中最大尺度公建所应有的社会责任。

▼改造前的校园北门与周边社区，The northern entrance of the school before renovation and the surrounding community ©URBANUS 都市实践

Entering the original primary school campus, the nearby Qingcheng Palace feels like a heterotopia, as the two environments seem completely disconnected from each other. The intuitive diagnosis of this project’s challenges is that it not only lacks space but also misses the unique opportunity to make children aware that they are growing up alongside a royal palace. Furthermore, it fails to fulfill the social responsibility that a large public building in the community should carry.

▼改造后的校园北门与周边社区，The northern entrance of the renovated school and the surrounding community © UK Studio

把这三个孤立的问题结合起来处理，变成了一个系统化的点穴治疗方案。

By addressing these three isolated issues together, a systematic solution was created to resolve the problems.

▼轴测分析，Axonometric Diagram © URBANUS 都市实践

1.空间增容 Spatial Expansion

最初的想法是向天发展，把屋顶做成新增的活动空间，但这会扰民，还要加固结构，并不可行。剩下的选择是向地发展，把一层平房的屋面当作活动场地的扩容。操场上现有的房子很分散，最好的方法是将它们整合起来，并适当增加面积，一方面解决了学校缺房间的问题，另一方面也扩大了二层平台的面积。最终的解决方案是用一个 U 型平房与原有的北楼结合，一层形成一个合院，二层形成一个环行跑道。

▼改造前教学楼立面，The teaching building façade before renovation © UK Studio

The initial idea was to develop upwards, converting the roof into an additional activity space. However, this would disturb the surrounding residents, require structural reinforcement, and was ultimately not feasible. The remaining option was to expand downwards, using the roofs of the single-story buildings as new activity areas. The existing buildings on the sports ground were scattered, so the most effective solution was to integrate them and slightly expand the area. This approach would not only address the school’s lack of classrooms but also increase the size of the second-floor platform. The final solution was to connect a U-shaped single-story building with the existing northern building. The first floor created a shared courtyard, while the second floor became a continuous running track.

▼改造后教学楼立面，The teaching building façade after renovation © UK Studio

▼改造后二层环形跑道，The second-floor circular running track after renovation © UK Studio

2.亲近宫殿

Proximity to the Palace

当把学生的活动场地提升到二层，视线上没有了彼此间的围墙，整个校园与庆成宫的距离感也消失了。东南角有几棵大杨树，这里也是学校建筑和庆成宫的缓冲带。围绕着树设计一组从地面上二层跑道的趣味空间，孩子们可以走进树梢里的树屋，庆成宫的屋顶似乎伸手就可以够到。

By elevating the students’ activity space to the second floor, visual barriers such as surrounding walls were removed, eliminating the sense of distance between the school and Qingcheng Palace. In the southeast corner, several large poplar trees stand as a natural buffer zone between the school and the palace. Around these trees, a series of playful spaces were designed, connecting the ground level to the second-floor running track. Children can walk into treehouses nestled in the treetops, with the roof of Qingcheng Palace seemingly within arm’s reach.

▼校园东南角与庆城宫，The southeast corner of the school and Qingcheng Palace © UK Studio

▼树屋与庆城宫，The treehouse and Qingcheng Palace © UK Studio

如何使宫殿和学校有更好的视觉连续感，操场铺地的颜色成了抓手。塑胶最常用的颜色就是暗红色，和宫墙色非常接近。大片的暗红塑胶地面仿佛是通过颜色把庆成宫接引过来，再通过环形跑道的色彩渐变，转化为与学校性格更搭的亮色。二层的暖色系列又推导出中央的一层球场用冷色，这样完成了全色谱的配色。

To establish better visual continuity between the palace and the school, the color of the sports ground flooring became a crucial element. The most commonly used color for the rubber flooring is dark red, which closely resembles the color of the palace walls. The expansive dark red flooring appears to draw Qingcheng Palace closer, and through a color gradient on the circular running track, it transitions into brighter hues that better align with the school’s character. The warm color scheme on the second floor is complemented by the cool tones on the central first-floor sports court, creating a harmonious full spectrum of colors.

▼校园操场南侧与庆城宫，The southern side of the school sports ground and Qingcheng Palace © UK Studio

▼彩色塑胶跑道与宫墙，The colorful running track and the palace wall © UK Studio

▼从校园内俯瞰庆城宫，Aerial view of Qingcheng Palace from within the school © UK Studio

这种全色谱的理念也应用到一层的墙面。支撑跑道的结构被设计成层层递进的拱门，原因很简单，因为封闭的皇家先农坛在解放后逐渐变成平民社区，居民们每天都从门洞里出出进进。而今先农坛的杂院被腾空，已然是社区记忆的拱门又转变成了身份符号。把这种身份象征再用到孩子们天天穿行的空间，无非是想提醒他们：你们从小可是在皇家宫殿边长大的。

▼先农坛拱门，The archway of Xiannongtan ©URBANUS 都市实践

This full-spectrum concept was also applied to the walls of the first floor. The structure supporting the running track was designed with progressively layered arches. The reasoning behind this is simple: after the royal Xiannongtan altar was closed off, it gradually transformed into a civilian community, with residents passing through its archways daily. Now, as the courtyards of Xiannongtan have been cleared, these archways, once symbols of the community’s memory, have been reimagined as symbols of identity. By incorporating this symbolism into the spaces where children move daily, the intention is to remind them: “You’ve grown up next to a royal palace.”

▼从先农坛望向校园，View of the school from Xiannongtan © UK Studio

▼改造后校园西入口大门，The western entrance gate of the school after renovation © UK Studio

▼校园一层操场与北侧拱廊，The first-floor sports ground and the northern arcade of the school after renovation © UK Studio

拱门序列的每一间，都赋予不同的色彩：北侧灰空间廊子是从暗红到黄的变化；南侧教室的走廊是从黄再过渡到蓝。这种全色谱的设计，让校园环境充满了视觉的活力。

Each archway in the sequence is assigned a different color: the gray corridor on the north side transitions from dark red to yellow, while the corridor on the south side, leading to the classrooms, shifts from yellow to blue. This full-spectrum design infuses the school environment with vibrant visual energy.

▼校园一层南侧拱廊与操场，The southern arcade on the first floor of the school and the sports ground © UK Studio

▼校园二层室内公共走廊内古建剪影

The architectural silhouette of ancient buildings in the interior public corridor on the second floor of the school © UK Studio

3.点亮社区

Lighting Up the Community

原建筑和周边的住区建筑一样，是打不起精神的灰色。只是通过局部装饰来整治提升下立面，是个性价比好的选择。杂乱的雨水管和空调室外机需要用一个外罩单元系统来遮挡，白色的打孔板配上橙、黄、兰三种不同色块，不仅仅一改原教学楼立面的灰头土脸，也让社区面貌终于有了变化。在周遭一片灰色中，这个白底彩色的介入，一下子打破了死气沉沉的格局，伴着孩子们在操场上欢乐的喊声，点亮了社区，带来了活力。

The original building, like the surrounding residential structures, was a dull gray. To address this, a cost-effective approach was taken by enhancing the façade with localized decorations. The messy rainwater pipes and outdoor air conditioning units were concealed using an external cladding system, featuring perforated white panels and color blocks in orange, yellow, and blue. This not only transformed the drab appearance of the original teaching building but also brought a noticeable change to the visual identity of the community. Amidst the surrounding grayness, this colorful intervention immediately broke the monotony. With the joyful shouts of children on the sports ground, it brightened up the community and infused it with vitality.

▼从庆城宫望向校园，View of the school from Qingcheng Palace © UK Studio

▼校园南侧围墙与宫墙，The southern school wall and the palace wall © UK Studio

出于安全考虑，校园是个封闭社区，邻居希望隔音，学校不想让外人窥视，在这个空间逼仄的小区，围墙只能做实。在北侧围墙上加些玻璃砖，逆光下仿佛就是灯盏。而在南侧与庆成宫宫墙所形成的狭窄夹道上，玻璃砖内点灯，解决了这里夜间暗黑的大问题。围墙顶端加上披檐，则使学校成为庆成宫的好邻居，塑造出了一段可以出片打卡的小巷。

For safety reasons, the school is a closed community, with neighbors seeking soundproofing and the school wanting to prevent outsiders from peering in. In this cramped space, the walls had to be solid. To address this, glass bricks were added to the northern wall, which, when backlit, resemble lanterns. On the southern side, where the narrow passage between the school and Qingcheng Palace’s walls is located, lights were installed inside the glass bricks, solving the problem of darkness in this area at night. The addition of eaves at the top of the wall further enhanced the relationship between the school and Qingcheng Palace, creating a picturesque alley perfect for photo opportunities.

▼校园东北角与周边社区

The northeast corner of the school and the surrounding community © UK Studio

▼校园西南角与周边社区

The southwest corner of the school and the surrounding community © UK Studio

“小而精、小而美”特色学校更新工程的初衷是实现更好的教育资源均衡。在新世纪实验小学，颜值和实实在在的硬件设施是同步提升的。现在，孩子们拥有了足够的玩耍空间、展示空间、交往空间，以及一个可以兼作表演和教学演示的多功能厅。

The “small but refined, small but beautiful” characteristic school renovation project aims to achieve better balance in educational resources. At the New Century Experimental Primary School, both the aesthetic appeal and the practical infrastructure have been upgraded simultaneously. Now, children have enough space for play, showcase, social interaction, and a multifunctional hall that can be used for performances and teaching demonstrations.

▼一层操场，The first-floor sports ground © UK Studio

▼课间时的学校操场，The school sports ground during recess © UK Studio

此外，文化自信的潜移默化也是这个设计的善意。学校地处南城老旧社区，相当大一部分生源是来自打工者家庭，但他们有幸在高贵的中轴线上皇家宫殿边成长。因此，除上述提到的色彩设计如何力图使校园和庆成宫一体化，教室楼楼道设计也以中轴线建筑剪影为母题。这些小小的构思，都有助于帮助在孩子们堂堂正正地说“我是从哪里来的”，让这个偏在一隅的小不点儿学校可以大大方方地介绍“我是谁”。

In addition, the subtle cultivation of cultural confidence is a key intention behind this design. The school is located in an older neighborhood in the southern part of the city, and a significant portion of the students come from blue-collar families. However, they are fortunate to grow up next to the royal palace along the grand central axis. Therefore, beyond the aforementioned color design that seeks to integrate the school with Qingcheng Palace, the corridor designs in the classroom building also draw inspiration from the architectural silhouettes along the central axis. These thoughtful details help the children proudly say, “This is where I come from,” allowing this small, tucked-away school to confidently declare, “This is who we are.”

▼校园夜景，The school at night © UK Studio

▼校园夜景，The school at night © UK Studio

▼一层平面图，First Floor Plan © URBANUS 都市实践

▼二层平面图 Second Floor Plan © URBANUS 都市实践

项目信息

建设单位：北京市西城区教育委员会

项目地点：北京市西城区

设计时间：2022-2024

建设时间：2023-2024

用地面积：4,095㎡

建筑面积：3,650㎡

建筑设计：URBANUS 都市实践

主持建筑师：王辉

项目组：姚咏梅（技术总监）|江中雨（项目经理）|陈宇，豆勇辉，王宇瞳，卢勇，罗惟宁，张书岩，王敬宇|王一丁，SolanKifleHoro（实习生）

施工图合作：北京中筑天和建筑设计有限公司

项目组：商玮玲，赵鹏，王东明，黄娟，王强，李雨璇

摄影：UK Studio

Client: XichengDistrictCommissionofEducationofBeijingMunicipality

Project Location: Xicheng District, Beijing

Design Period: 2022-2024

Construction Period: 2023-2024

Site Area: 4,095㎡

Floor Area: 3,650㎡

Architecture Design: URBANUS

PrincipalArchitect:WANGHui

Design Team: Yao Yongmei (TechnicalDirector) |Jiang Zhongyu (Project Director) |Chen Yu, Dou Yonghui, Wang Yutong, Lu Yong, Luo Weining. Zhang Shuyan, Wang Jingyu | Wang Yiding, SolanKifleHoro (Intern)

Construction Documents Collaborator: Beijing Zhongzhu Tianhe Architectural Design Co., Ltd

Team: Shang Weiling, Zhao Peng, Wang Dongming, Huang Juan, Wang Qiang, Li Yuxuan

Photographer: UK Studio