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杭州数字农场运营中心丨中国杭州丨时地建筑设计工作室

2025/01/21 11:53:40

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项目位于杭州余杭区的彭公乡，距离闻名天下的径山寺不远。始建于唐代的径山寺曾经对中日禅茶文化交流起到重要作用，而这个在径山余脉下的小乡村就低调得多。行走在村落田间，与其说是千百年来的唐风宋韵，更是一种日常的乡野生活。这里是河流冲积形成的平原地区，内部并没有明显的高差，远处可以看到偶有起伏的丘陵，勾勒出青翠的天际线。场地位于彭公乡聚落与田野的交汇处，北边一溪之隔是乡镇街道，遍布常见的 3 层农民自建房和组团开发的工厂区；南侧则是 1500 余亩的水稻田，广阔的稻田田埂相连，在不久后将被开发成为水稻试验田和水果科技大棚种植园。

The project is located in Penggong Township, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, not far from the world-renowned Jing Shan Temple. The site is situated at the intersection of Penggong Townships settlement and farmland, just a stream to the north from the town street, which is lined with common three-story farmer-built houses and factory zones developed in clusters; to the south lies over 1500 acres of rice fields, where extensive rice field ridges connect and will soon be developed into rice experimental fields and fruit technology greenhouses.

▼田野中的视觉核心，visual focal point in the field©DONG 建筑影像

▼漂浮起来的宇宙飞船，the spaceship floating above©DONG 建筑影像

数字农场运营中心的场地占地约 3000㎡，长边为 66m，大致为略不对称的矩形，这里会作为整个农业科技园区的运营中心和总部，用地性质是科研和机械农用地。这意味着建筑不必有复杂的审批手续，但也需要在一定程度上便于拆除，恢复为农地。地块内有着严格的限高和规范，建筑最高点不得高于 7.5m，且檐口必须低于 3.5m，与周围的农户檐口保持对等的姿态。

The site of the Digital Farm Operation Center covers an area of approximately 3000㎡, with a long side of 66 meters, roughly forming a slightly asymmetrical rectangle. This location will serve as the operational center and headquarters for the entire agricultural technology park, designated for research and mechanical farming purposes. This means that buildings do not require complex approval procedures but must be relatively easy to dismantle and revert to farmland. The site has strict height restrictions and standards; the highest point of any building must not exceed 7.5m, and the eaves must be no more than 3.5m below the surrounding farmlands eaves, maintaining an equal posture with the surrounding eaves.

▼轻盈的大屋顶，light big roof©存在建筑-建筑摄影

初到场地是 2021 年 7 月中，正值杭州地区的酷暑炎夏，那一年的夏天为近年最盛，说是空气被烤化了也毫不为过。行走在无边的田埂上，可以清晰地感觉到炽热的阳光像刀子一样灼在皮肤上，田野上仅有的几棵树成了我们珍贵的避难所，哪怕只是小树苗的一片小小阴影。这时有朋友递来两顶大沿的草帽，也稍稍缓解了“燃肤之急”。广阔的稻田固然壮观美丽，却将人暴露在无处可逃的天地自然条件之下。

The initial arrival at the site was in mid-July 2021, during the sweltering summer heat of Hangzhou. While the vast rice fields were indeed magnificent and beautiful, they also exposed us to the harsh natural conditions with no place to hide. Under such open natural conditions, the intuitive architectural form is a roof that provides a sense of shelter. I hope that the overall shape and scale of the building can match the thousands of acres of rice fields and the nearby hills, avoiding being overshadowed by the fields.

▼漂浮于田野之上，floating above the field©存在建筑-建筑摄影

▼视觉号召力，visually welcoming structure©存在建筑-建筑摄影

在这样开放的自然条件下，符合直觉的建筑形态就是具有遮蔽感的屋盖，我希望整个建筑的形态和分量可以与上千亩的稻田和不远处的丘陵相匹配，不至于埋没在田野中，同时希望建筑空间可以有视觉的号召力，给田野中劳作的人们提供一处“庇护所”，在奔波的间隙，心中可以有一处停留的屋檐，在其下歇脚休息。

建筑可以像一朵自然飘落的云朵，体量足够大，但是没有压迫感，而是轻盈、温柔地存在田野之上，欢迎任何人的进入，为人提供遮蔽的开放空间。这样一个大屋顶的方案设想油然而生。

我们将可以利用的边界条件和允许的限高尽量占满，建筑四个广阔的坡顶面向四边的田野，共同形成了一个田野中的视觉核心。由于建筑的高度并不高，因此没有压迫感，反而有一种轻盈的、飘浮在稻田上的意象。

At the same time, I hope that the architectural space has visual appeal, offering a “shelter” for people working in the fields, providing a place to rest under the eaves during breaks from their busy schedules. The building can be like a naturally falling cloud, large in scale but not oppressive, existing gently and lightly above the fields, welcoming anyone to enter and offering an open space for shelter. This idea of a large roof spontaneously arose.

▼热闹的大屋檐，bustling big roof©存在建筑-建筑摄影

▼田野到屋檐下的自然过渡，the natural transition from field to roof©存在建筑-建筑摄影

▼亲人的空间尺度，friendly spatial scale©存在建筑-建筑摄影

为了强化轻盈自由的空间体验，设计做了一系列操作。建筑主体采用木结构，提供侧向力的剪力墙体系被巧妙布置在阴影下，厚重的物质感被隐藏起来，视觉上呈现出来的木构大多数是正交搭接，所有炫技的成分都被适当收敛起来，尽可能降低结构在视觉上的复杂性，增强建筑的可理解性，从而形成认知上的轻盈。为了减轻屋顶的重量感，建筑的主次木梁体系设计尽量降低了构件之间的尺寸差异，采用了榫卯搭接，相对传统的搭接形式可以节省一个次梁 300mm 的高度，使屋顶在视觉上更加轻盈。建筑周围和内侧采用了两圈木质柱廊，柱脚细部表达为金鸡独立式的钢构细部，进一步增加了建筑的漂浮感。

To enhance the light and free spatial experience, a series of designs were made. The main structure is made of wood, and the shear wall system that provides lateral force is ingeniously arranged in the shadow, concealing the heavy material sense. Visually, most of the wooden structures are orthogonal joined, with all technical elements appropriately condensed to minimize the visual complexity of the structure, enhancing the buildings comprehensibility, thus forming a cognitive lightness. To reduce the weightiness of the roof, the primary and secondary wooden beam systems are designed to minimize dimensional differences between components, adopting mortise-and-tenon joints. Compared to traditional joint forms, this can save 300mm height of secondary beams, making the roof visually lighter. Wooden colonnades are used around and inside the building, with the column bases expressed as steel details in the form of a standing rooster, further enhancing the buildings floating sensation.

▼科技感的金属瓦屋面，High-tech metal tile roofing©DONG 建筑影像-建筑摄影

▼夹层露台，terrace on the mezzanine level©存在建筑-建筑摄影

整个平面应以整洁、大块的布局为主，首要原因是为减少曲折的空间体验，降低认知难度，这也是一种轻盈的姿态；其次是希望屋檐下的体验能够与稻田田野的行走形成一种同构的微妙关系，让人们从田野进入到建筑时不会发生身体经验上的突变，而是一种自然的过渡。

在木构的部分弱化了木结构与门窗构造之间的尺度差异，强调了对界面透明性的表达。而混凝土的部分则尽量减少开窗，通过无质感的涂料削解材料感，使建筑不那么厚重。

屋顶采用了涂层金属瓦，可以适当反射太阳光线，减少建筑的热辐射，同时浅色的屋顶也让建筑显得异常轻盈，又有些许科技感，好像飘浮的宇宙飞船，暗合科研农业的建筑性质。

在和业主商量之后，建筑周围廊下的铺地采用了大块的老青石板，这是一种凸凹不平的表面，与精致的木构和柱脚形成了强烈的对话。走在廊下可以明显感受到粗砺的乡野延伸到建筑内部，与建筑的精确形成互文关系。

▼轴测图，axonometric©时地建筑设计工作室

The whole plan should be based on a neat and large layout. The first reason is to reduce the zigzag spatial experience and cognitive difficulty, which is also a kind of light gesture. Secondly, it is hoped that the experience under the eaves of the roof can form an isomorphic and subtle relationship with the walk in the rice paddy field, so that there will not be a sudden change in physical experience when people enter the building from the field, but rather a natural transition. The scale difference between the wooden structure and the window and door structure is weakened in the wooden part, and the expression of the transparency of the interface is emphasised. The concrete part, on the other hand, minimises window openings, and makes the building less heavy by chipping away at the sense of materiality through textureless paint. The roof is made of coated metal tiles, which reflect the sun’s rays appropriately and reduce the building’s heat radiation. While the light-coloured roof gives the building an unusually light and slightly technological feel, as if it were a floating spaceship, alluding to the nature of the building as a research and agricultural building. After discussion with the owner, the paving under the veranda around the building is made of large pieces of old bluestone slabs, which is a kind of bumpy surface that creates a strong dialogue with the delicate wooden structures and column feet. Walking under the veranda one can clearly feel the rough countryside extending into the interior of the building, forming an intertextual relationship with the precision of the building.

▼科技感的金属瓦屋面，High-tech metal tile roofing©存在建筑-建筑摄影

▼木构搭接细部，wooden connection detail©存在建筑-建筑摄影

▼老青石板作为檐廊铺地，Old bluestone slabs as porch paving©存在建筑-建筑摄影

为了适应杭州的气候条件和空间使用需求，建筑内布置了一个主要庭院和若干次要庭院，为屋顶下的空间提供额外的采光和通风，同时也降低了大屋顶的封闭感。中心庭院被隐藏在建筑的正中内侧，从外侧看不到庭院的存在，人们在建筑外侧只能感受到水平屋檐与广阔田野之间的对话关系。

▼剖面图，section©时地建筑设计工作室

To adapt to Hangzhou’s climate conditions and spatial usage requirements, the building is arranged with a main courtyard and several secondary courtyards, providing additional lighting and ventilation for the space under the roof while also reducing the sense of enclosure created by the large roof.

▼中心庭院，central courtyard©存在建筑-建筑摄影

▼边庭朝向中庭的视角，View of the side court towards the atrium©存在建筑-建筑摄影

走到建筑内部的庭院，这里的剖面高度被有意设置为整个建筑的最高点，形成了一个开敞的天井，高度超 6m 的柱廊形成了一处望向天空的氛围，和建筑外侧向大地延展的尺度形成了强烈的对比。建筑外侧还布置有四处较小的庭院，其间或种植花木，或安设上到二层的楼梯，或放置后勤设备，满足辅助功能。建筑布置有三处二层的夹层，作为办公空间，夹层的阳台利用坡屋顶的高度差，巧妙地和阳台栏板高度结合到一起，融合到建筑的整体形象中。

The central courtyard is hidden on the inner side of the buildings front, making it invisible from the outside, allowing people to only perceive the dialogue between the horizontal eaves and the vast fields from the exterior of the building.

▼内院柱廊，inner courtyard colonnade©DONG 建筑影像-建筑摄影

▼内院柱脚细部，inner courtyard column detail©存在建筑-建筑摄影

建筑在设计之初便考虑了功能对外开放的可能性。我和甲方商议，这个建筑虽然是企业运营和研发总部，是否可以有一部分空间全天候对外开放，成为村镇公共空间的一部分，让镇子上的人们走进廊下和庭院。甲方欣然同意了我的想法，于是在功能细节上我们又增加了对外的公共洗手间和清洗农具的水池，设计了窗下开放的座椅，既为过路的百姓提供便利，也为建筑空间的非日常使用提供了多种弹性。

The building was designed with the possibility of public access in mind from the outset. After discussing with the client, although this building serves as the operational and R&D headquarters, a portion of its space could be open to the public at all times, becoming part of the village’s public space, allowing residents to enter the corridors and courtyards. Thus we added public restrooms and water pools for washing farm tools in the functional details, and designed open seats under the windows, which not only provide convenience for passers-by, but also provide a variety of flexibility for non-daily use of the building space.

▼成为村镇公共空间的一部分，becoming part of the village’s public space©存在建筑-建筑摄影

▼边庭朝向田野的视角，View of the side garden towards the field©存在建筑-建筑摄影

▼夹层办公空间，the office space on the mezzanine level©存在建筑-建筑摄影

我们放弃了设计集中式公共区域的思路，而是将最主要的开放空间分散设置在建筑四周的屋檐下，用于衔接乡村公共区域和建筑内部功能区域，创造出内与外、私有与开放、农场与社区之间的缓冲区域，激发房屋日常使用者与访客之间的相遇，在建筑日常的使用团队这个内部群体和周边乡村社区这个外部群体之间，创造更多的交流可能。在后续的日常使用中，我们注意到这个空间通过开放弹性的用途，在不同的时间段创造了不同适用人群的交往与共存互动。

We abandoned the idea of designing centralized public spaces and dispersed the main open areas under the eaves around the building,creating buffer zones between inside and outside,private and open spaces,farm and community.These spaces have inspired encounters between the daily users of the house and visitors,creating more possibilities for communication. In subsequent daily use, we have noticed that this space, through its open and flexible uses, has created interactions and coexistence among different groups of people at various times.

▼中心庭院的视野，view from the central courtyard©存在建筑-建筑摄影