Machicomoco 州立公园丨英国格洛斯特

Connecting to Our Indigenous Histories at Machicomoco State Park｜Nelson Byrd Woltz Landscape Architects

项目陈述

Project Statement

Machicomoco的设计与规划平面图由多方合作完成，包括弗吉尼亚州的阿尔冈昆部落、弗吉尼亚州保护与休闲部，以及威廉与玛丽学院的师资团队，项目由景观设计师主导。该计划旨在以艺术性且富有感染力的方式，向大众揭示弗吉尼亚阿尔冈昆地区鲜为人知的历史。项目通过两种策略，展现30个阿尔冈昆部落的过去、现在与未来，同时以阿尔冈昆世界观为视角，引导游客感知自然环境。具体方法包括利用标识与叙事设计，传递阿尔冈昆传统生活方式的精髓，并激发游客对这一文化的兴趣与探索欲望。

The Machicomoco design and interpretive plan was made collaboratively by several Virginia Algonquian Tribes, the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, and faculty from William and Mary, and was led by the landscape architect. The plan focused on revealing the obscured history of Virginia’s Algonquian landscape artfully and compellingly to a wide audience. The communication strategy relied on two devices to share the past, present, and future of the 30 Virginia Algonquian tribes and to attune visitors’ senses to the natural environment through the lens of the Algonquian worldview. The approach concentrated on signage and narrative to convey the history of Algonquian lifeways and inspire visitors’ curiosity.

▲该半岛规划平面突显了景观的重要性，同时呈现了设计的克制之美，The plan for the Interpretive Peninsula showing the primacy of the landscape and the restrained character of the interventions. © Nelson Byrd Woltz Landscape Architects

项目说明

Project Narrative

景观设计师主导了Machicomoco州立公园的总体设计与施工工作，该公园位于弗吉尼亚州格洛斯特县的一个半岛上。这里是一个文化与生态交融的场所，包含多种典型的弗吉尼亚自然景观：海洋森林、沼泽地、高地、湿地和河口栖息地。在规划过程中，设计团队深入挖掘了当地的历史，特别是与切萨皮克湾周边Tsenacomocah阿尔冈昆国家的发展以及Werowocomoco这一阿尔冈昆民族物质与精神首都的文化意义密切相关的内容。

设计团队的核心目标是尊重并展现阿尔冈昆文化历史，同时为阿尔冈昆部落、周边社区和游客提供兼具教育性与休闲性的场所。该平面图通过设计将场地的文化与生态遗产贯穿起来，使游客能够以全新的视角了解Machicomoco及其所在地区的丰富历史。通过巧妙结合景观设计与叙事策略，本项目引导游客探索区域生态与人文的核心故事。

设计团队与阿尔冈昆部落领袖紧密合作，确保所有解说元素忠实反映并尊重社区的历史、身份与未来愿景。同时，团队还与考古学家及研究人员开展深入合作，确保项目建立在科学与文化的深厚基础之上。项目的核心理念是庆祝阿尔冈昆文化的过去，并描绘其充满希望与活力的未来。

解说亭作为游客的主要入口，将材料与空间设计融入叙事内容之中。在进入景观前，游客会经过一个立方体形状的雕塑，它象征了“贝壳堆”——这种贝壳遗址由沿海居民遗留下来，在世界范围内广泛分布。公园内及其周边的阿尔冈昆牡蛎贝壳堆提供了重要的考古线索，而该雕塑正是对此的致敬。此外，这一简洁的立方体形态也象征了知识与证据在揭示历史真相中的关键作用。

▲半岛鸟瞰：半岛上展现了多种典型的弗吉尼亚生态交错带，从海洋森林到沼泽再到高地均有展示，Aerial View of the Interpretive Peninsula. Multiple types of quintessential Virginia ecotones are present, from maritime forests to marsh and uplands. © Courtesy of DCR

▲嵌入式时间轴：时间轴重现阿尔冈昆历史中的重要事件，以贝壳堆雕塑开篇，象征该地考古发现的遗迹，The embedded timeline recalls events from Algonquian history – a sculptural element representing shell middens found on site marks the beginning. © Nick Hubbard

▲时间轴装置细部，Close-up of the timeline © Nick Hubbard

▲学生们围绕时间轴，探索阿尔冈昆历史与文化，Students on a field trip gather around to explore the timeline. © Nick Hubbard

▲游客学习阿尔冈昆的历史与文化，每块面板展现原住民的历史故事及生活方式，激发参观者的兴趣，Visitors learn about Algonquian history and presence. Each panel illuminates the histories and lifeways of Indigenous people. © Nelson Byrd Woltz Landscape Architects

▲符号与主题的融合设计；设计将符号融入场地元素，鼓励游客以好奇的心态探索，并与自然建立联系，The design connects symbols and themes; symbols are then used across the site to prompt an inquisitive stance and connections with natural elements. © Nelson Byrd Woltz Landscape Architects

▲雕塑化的阿尔冈昆村落地图，这幅地图标示了围绕 Machicomoco 的历史村落，由学者与部落代表合作开发，呈现文化根源，A sculptural map locates historic Algonquian villages surrounding Machicomoco. It was developed with the aid of scholars and Tribal representatives. © Nick Hubbard

▲地图雕塑位于解说亭出口，这一安排加强了历史与当下的连结，the map as viewed when exiting the Interpretation Pavilion. © Courtesy of DCR

▲起始点既作为路径的分界点，也为游客提供了一个放松休憩的场所，Thresholds also function as places of respite at Machicomoco State Park. © Nick Hubbard

▲一条小路穿过弧形排列的木柱，设计从解说亭中心向外辐射，形成视觉与文化上的焦点，A path intersects an arcing arrangement of timber posts, an interpretive moment, radiating from the center of the pavilion. © Nick Hubbard

▲符号、语言与阿尔冈昆部落名称的多样呈现，这些文化元素被融入起始点、长椅和木板路等场地细节，增强文化氛围，Symbols, language, and Algonquian tribal names appear on a variety of surfaces around the park, including thresholds, benches, and boardwalks. © Nick Hubbard

▲解释说明元素延伸至水岸，展示了阿尔冈昆语中的水生动植物名称，并附以英语翻译，The interpretation extends to the water’s edge, where Algonquian words for aquatic fauna and flora are presented along with their English equivalents. © Nick Hubbard

▲公园内的解说信息为编排教育活动和文化体验提供了丰富的叙事基础，The interpretive information presented at Machicomoco State Park creates opportunities for programming and activities that expand on those narratives. © Nick Hubbard

▲解说亭的设计，The Interpretive Pavilion. © Nick Hubbard

▲Machicomoco 州立公园提供独木舟与皮划艇的水上通道，同时让游客能够接触到多样的自然环境，Machicomoco State Park provides canoe and kayak access to the water and visitor access to the diverse environs throughout. © Nick Hubbard

Project Narrative

The landscape architect designed and oversaw construction for Machicomoco, a new state park in Gloucester County, Virginia. Machicomoco is richly layered in cultural and ecological history, located on a peninsula with multiple kinds of quintessential Virginia landscapes: maritime forest, marsh, uplands, wetlands, and estuarine habitat. Throughout the master plan process, the designers explored the history of Indigenous Virginia Algonquian tribes in the region, including the factors that supported the growth of Tsenacomocah, the Algonquian nation based around the Chesapeake Bay, and the cultural significance of Werowocomoco, which is the physical and spiritual capital of the Virginia Algonquian nation.

The primary goal of the design team was to honor and express the Algonquian history of the landscape while providing recreational and educational opportunities for the Algonquian tribes, surrounding communities, and park visitors. The interpretive plan creates an engaging lens for considering the breadth of the land’s cultural and ecological legacy and the landscape of Machicomoco and greater Tsenacomocah. It weaves visitor engagement and education into the site’s design elements, focus areas, and strategies in ways that encourage people to absorb the essential narratives of the region’s history and ecology.

The design team collaborated with Algonquian tribal leaders to ensure that interpretive elements were grounded in truth and honored community histories, identities, and aspirations. The team also relied on deep research in collaboration with archaeologists and scholars. Paramount to the design is a focus on Algonquian capacity to imagine and celebrate a rich and thriving Virginia Algonquian future.

The Interpretive Pavilion, the main visitor entry point, integrates materials and spatial design with revelatory content. Before entering the pavilion to reach the landscape, visitors pass a cubelike sculptural representation of a shell midden, a type of repository of shellfish remains found in locations around the world left behind by coastal peoples. The sculpture refers to archaeological work identifying Algonquian oyster shell midden in and around the park land. The simple cubic form also harkens to the universal importance of data, knowledge, and evidence in unearthing important histories.

Project Credits

Martin Gallivan, Historian

Gropen, Signage Fabricator

Thomas Woltz, FASLA, Principal Lead Designer