普恩特山填埋场公园改造计划丨美国加利福尼亚丨StudioMLA

Puente Hills Landfill Park Implementation Plan ｜ Studio-MLA

项目陈述

Project Statement

普恩特山垃圾填埋场曾是美国第二大垃圾填埋场，接收了来自洛杉矶各地的1.5亿吨垃圾。六十年来，日益堆积的垃圾不仅加剧了环境退化，还加深了周边社区的社会不平等。为了解决垃圾填埋场运营管理、开放空间公平访问、气候变化影响以及关键野生动物走廊保护等问题，普恩特山垃圾填埋场公园实施计划通过广泛的居民和焦点小组参与制定。该计划基于韧性框架，采取综合性的户外娱乐、文化活力、自然策略和环境正义方法，推动可持续发展。

The Puente Hills Landfill was once the second largest landfill in the nation, receiving 150 million tons of refuse from across Los Angeles. For six decades, the growing mountain of waste contributed to environmental degradation and social inequity for nearby communities. The Puente Hills Landfill Park Implementation Plan was developed as a series of robust outreach engagements with residents and focus groups to address concerns about ongoing management of landfill operations, equitable access to open space, a shifting climate, and preservation of a critical wildlife corridor. The plan is anchored by a resiliency framework with a holistic approach to outdoor recreation, cultural vitality, nature-based strategies, and environmental justice.

▲普恩特山垃圾填埋场公园改造计划：该计划贯彻可持续发展的核心原则——“循环再利用”，并在棕地再开发的历史基础上进一步发展，The Puente Hills Landfill Park Implementation Plan: The plan carries forth a vision for implementing a core principle of sustainability—to upcycle, expanding upon a history of brownfield redevelopment. © Studio-MLA, Withers and Sandgren

项目说明

Project Narrative

普恩特山垃圾填埋场位于原始的本土山丘与峡谷景观之上，曾是一个名为“垃圾谷”的地区的中心，这里曾因多个活跃的垃圾填埋场而闻名。普恩特山垃圾填埋场公园实施计划（LPIP）标志着应对该地区环境与社会问题的一项重大举措，计划将这一垃圾填埋场转型为洛杉矶县（LA County）30年来首个新区域公园，惠及周边七个充满活力的社区。该计划秉持可持续发展的核心原则——“循环再利用”，并在棕地再开发的基础上，融入了文化和生态的深层价值，同时为应对未来气候变化做好了充分准备。

2016年，洛杉矶县董事会批准了普恩特山垃圾填埋场公园总体规划（LPMP），计划将该地区恢复并改造为“全民公园”。LPIP则通过一个以社区为导向的规划与设计过程，推动了这一总体规划的实施，这一过程是洛杉矶县历史上规模最大的一次。LPIP通过广泛的居民参与与焦点小组讨论，回应了垃圾填埋场运营管理、开放空间公平性、气候变化、以及保护关键野生动物走廊等问题。

项目用地位于圣加布里埃尔谷，该地区的居民面临着公园需求高、城市密度大、可开发公园用地稀缺以及低社会经济水平等一系列挑战。根据2016年洛杉矶县公园与娱乐需求评估，多个公园需求高或非常高的社区位于该项目用地10英里的范围内。LPIP通过将垃圾填埋场转型为一个让居民聚集、享受健康生活、了解区域生态价值并培养环保意识的场所，回应了该地区对公园空间的迫切需求。

该综合计划基于2019年《我们的县可持续发展计划》中的重要指导原则，强调评估和理解物理与社会气候脆弱性的重要性。洛杉矶县地理多样，面临多种气候风险。LPIP识别出极端高温和干旱是最可能长期影响该项目的气候压力源，这为气候适应策略的优先排序提供了依据。

LPIP还认识到，该地区曾是一个充满活力的本土植物生态系统，连接着3万英亩的栖息地，延伸至30英里的橙县克利夫兰国家森林。第一阶段计划通过恢复约40英亩的本土植物，借助植物设计推动地方感的塑造，提升本地生物多样性，并研究植物物种在大尺度上的适应性，评估它们应对未来气候变化的能力。

该计划体现了地方性问题的紧密联系以及集体行动在推动社区变革中的力量。通过具有远见的领导力、协作精神和积极的社区参与，该计划证明了当社区携手解决复杂问题时，可以实现环境与社会正义的持久影响。

▲利用地理设计工具评估环境与社会经济负担：分层数据揭示了那些受污染、气候脆弱性和敏感土地使用健康风险不成比例影响的社区，Leveraging Geodesign Tools to Assess Environmental and Socioeconomic Burden: Layered datasets reveal communities disproportionately burdened by pollution, climate vulnerability, and sensitive land use health risk. © Studio-MLA

▲美国历史上第二大垃圾填埋场：六十年来，垃圾填埋场接收了洛杉矶近三分之一的日常垃圾，严重影响了周围居民的健康，Becoming the Second Largest Landfill in U.S. History: For six decades, the landfill accepted nearly one-third of all trash produced daily in Los Angeles, creating an unhealthy state for nearby residents. © Studio-MLA

▲构建联盟以应对大规模问题：该计划将景观建筑置于未来气候解决方案的核心，通过实践、公平和倡导应对复杂挑战，Coalition Building for Scaled Solutions: The plan places landscape architecture at the core of future climate solutions, tackling complex challenges through practice, equity, and advocacy. © Studio-MLA

▲将社区置于共同设计的前沿：采用多尺度的参与式设计方法，通过直接对话和互动活动与社区建立真实联系，Placing Community at the Forefront of Co-Design: A multi-scalar approach to participatory design was integral to forming bonds with people in authentic ways, through direct dialogue and activity. © Studio-MLA

▲策划可操作、协作的过程：通过多种讲故事和反馈循环的方式，提升了参与目标的实现，Curating an Actionable and Collaborative Process: Experiential methods of engagement amplified outreach objectives by applying varied modes of storytelling and feedback loops. © Studio-MLA

▲评估来自不同领域专家的意见：多位行业专家的参与增强了关于场地通道和环境系统的规划与设计，Evaluating Input from a Diverse Range of Industry Experts: A multitude of industry experts helped to bolster planning and design scenarios pertaining to site access and environmental systems. © Studio-MLA

▲应对后工业景观的复杂性：预计垃圾填埋场将在未来30年内沉降多达125英尺，计划通过适应性方法应对这一复杂的垃圾填埋场运营和动态变化，Navigating the Complexities of a Post-Industrial Landscape: With up to 125 feet of expected settlement in the next 30 years, the plan traverses complex landfill dynamics and operations in adaptive ways. © Studio-MLA

▲实施全面的垃圾填埋场再利用方案：该计划基于韧性框架，聚焦户外娱乐、文化活力、自然策略和环境正义，Implementing a Holistic Approach to Upcycling a Landfill: The plan is anchored by a resiliency framework for outdoor recreation, cultural vitality, nature-based strategies, and environmental justice. © Studio-MLA

▲回应对包容性公园空间的迫切需求：该计划将垃圾填埋场转型为一个提供身心健康的场所，培养居民对资源管理和生态保护的责任感，Responding to a Critical Need for Inclusive Park Space: The plan transforms the landfill into a place where people can access physical and mental wellness, nurturing a mindset toward stewardship and care. © Studio-MLA

▲加强文化与区域生态及地理的联系：强烈的景观认同感使区域荒野成为可触及的存在，融合了地形学、民族植物学与仪式实践等主题，Strengthening Cultural Connections to Regional Ecology and Geographies: A strong sense of landscape identity makes regional wildlands palpable with interwoven themes in physiography, ethnobotany, and ceremonial practice. © Studio-MLA

▲通过城市生态设计强化关键野生动物走廊：通过恢复约40英亩的历史性植物群落，计划提升普恩特山与奇诺山地区的生物多样性，Reinforcing a Key Wildlife Corridor through Urban Ecological Design: By re-establishing approximately 40 acres of historic plant communities onsite, the plan optimizes local biodiversity across the Puente-Chino Hills. © Studio-MLA

▲绘制气候韧性的愿景：该计划大规模研究植物韧性，旨在评估植物适应未来气候变化的能力，Charting a Vision for Climate Resiliency: The multi-faceted plan facilitates a study of plant resiliency, at a large scale, to understand adaptability to future climate change demands. © Studio-MLA

▲优化流动性与公园循环：多层次设计策略解决了对开放空间的公平访问，将垃圾填埋场公园打造成区域步道网络的重要节点，Optimizing Mobility and Park Circulation: Layered design strategies address equitable access to open space, posturing the landfill park as a significant hub for regional trail networks. © Studio-MLA

▲将垃圾填埋场转型为“全民公园”：该计划通过多样化的公园使用方式，提供包容性娱乐与社交空间，适合所有年龄与能力的人群，Transforming a Landfill into a ‘Park for All’: The plan employs a gradient of dynamic and relaxed park uses to provide inclusive recreation and gathering opportunities for all-ages and abilities. © Studio-MLA

▲展望持久的环境与社会正义遗产：通过展示集体行动的力量，计划为区域乃至更广泛的地区提供了气候意识的典范，Looking toward a Lasting Legacy of Environmental and Social Justice: By demonstrating the power of collective action to effect meaningful change, the plan serves as a climate-conscious model for the region and beyond © Studio-MLA

Project Narrative

Built atop a pristine native landscape of hills and canyons, the Puente Hills Landfill reigns supreme within a “Valley of Dumps,” an uncanny title once held by a region known for its nearly half-dozen active landfills. The Puente Hills Landfill Park Implementation Plan (LPIP) was developed as a monumental step towards mitigating critical environmental and social impacts on seven vibrant communities, which will see the landfill re-purposed into the first new regional park in Los Angeles County (LA County) in over 30 years. The plan carries forth a vision for implementing a core principle of sustainability- to upcycle, expanding upon a history of brownfield redevelopment to introduce resonant layers of cultural and ecological value with preparation toward a speculative climate future.

In 2016, the LA County Board of Supervisors approved the Puente Hills Landfill Park Master Plan (LPMP) to reclaim and transform the project site into a ‘Park for All’. The LPIP advanced the LPMP through a community-oriented planning and design process, among the largest in county history. Applying an actionable and collaborative lens, the LPIP emerged as a series of robust outreach engagements with residents and focus groups to address ongoing management of landfill operations, equitable access to open space, a shifting climate, and preservation of a critical wildlife corridor.

The project site is located within the San Gabriel Valley, whose residents suffer from overlapping concerns relating to high park need, high urban density, a lack of developable parkland, and low socioeconomic thresholds. According to the 2016 LA Countywide Comprehensive Parks and Recreation Needs Assessment, numerous communities with High and Very High park need are located within a 10-mile radius of the project site. The LPIP addresses the high need for park space by transforming the landfill into a place where residents can gather to access personal and collective wellness, learn about the value of regional ecology, and nurture a mindset toward stewardship and care.

The comprehensive plan leverages important guidelines from the 2019 OurCounty Sustainability Plan that highlights the need for evaluating and understanding both physical and social climate vulnerabilities. LA County comprises diverse landscapes and is subject to a range of climate hazards. The LPIP identified extreme heat and drought as climate stressors that are most likely to affect the project site over time, which helped in prioritizing climate adaptation strategies.

The LPIP recognizes that the project site once supported a thriving ecological system of native plant communities that connected to 30,000 acres of habitat, extending over 30 miles to the Cleveland National Forest in Orange County. Through the re-establishment of approximately 40 acres of plant material in its first phase, the multi-faceted plan incorporates planting design as a catalyst for placemaking, bolstering local biodiversity, and studying the resiliency of plant species, at a large scale, to understand their adaptability to future climate change demands.

The plan demonstrates the interconnectedness of local issues and the power of collective action to effect meaningful change in communities. With visionary leaders, collaborative efforts, and active community engagement, the plan stands as a testament to what can be achieved when communities unite to tackle complex challenges and create lasting legacies of environmental and social justice.

Project Credits

Studio-MLA, Landscape Architects

Supervisor Hilda Solis (Los Angeles County SD1), Project Champion

Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Owner

Los Angeles County Department of Parks & Recreation, Client

Withers and Sandgren, Master Planner

The Robert Group, Outreach Coordinator

Kounkuey Design Initiative, Outreach Partner

Nature For All, Outreach Partner

Active-SGV, Outreach Partner

Los Angeles County Department of Economic Development, Workforce Development Youth at Work