Cruzcampo工厂及塔楼改造项目丨西班牙塞维利亚丨AYESA工程与建筑公司

塞维利亚的地标建筑 Cruzcampo 工厂综合体是该市历史工业遗产的重要组成部分，经过修复后，其三个主要建筑得到了改造，不仅引入了新的用途，还扩展了原有空间的使用功能。AYESA 工程与建筑公司负责建筑设计和施工，并提供了 5,000 平方米区域的施工管理，这些区域将用于容纳重新改造后的酒店学校、餐厅、微型酿酒厂、培训工作坊、办公室和文化空间，包括一个可俯瞰城市全景的观景平台。此次干预项目通过拆除工厂围绕两座改造建筑的围墙，创建了新的流通方式，从而使这个区域的复杂性与城市有了更大的互动，也改善了建筑之间的流动性。原始项目始建于 1904 年，由德国建筑师威廉·里斯特（Wilhelm Wrist）和弗里德里希·斯托尔茨（Friedrich Stoltze）设计。它是塞维利亚的第一座按照中欧制造模式设计的多功能工业建筑群，曾用于啤酒酿造。

The iconic Cruzcampo Factory complex in Seville, an integral part of the city’s historical industrial heritage, has been rehabilitated with an intervention that has affected its three main buildings to include new uses as well as to expand the space for pre-existing ones.

AYESA Engineering and Architecture developed the architectural design and construction as well as provided the construction management for the 5,000 m2 destined to house the renovated facilities of a hotel school, restaurant, microbrewery, training workshops, offices, and cultural spaces including a viewing platform for vistas over the city.

The intervention has renovated the neighbourhood by creating greater interaction of the complex with the city as well as providing new circulation flows between the buildings thanks to the elimination of the perimeter wall of the factory that had surrounded two of the intervened buildings.

The original project dates to 1904 and was designed by German architects Wilhelm Wrist and Friedrich Stoltze. It is the first brewery in Seville organized with a complex of buildings for various industrial uses, following Central European manufacturing models.

▼建筑鸟瞰，aerial view of the building©Juanca Lagares

Cruzcampo 工厂综合体位于塞维利亚当前的一个重要核心区域——Nervion 街区。它由三座历史建筑组成：一座 1904 年建成的 Maestranza，和两座建于 1939 至 1940 年之间的建筑，分别为 Cruzcampo 工厂（前称 Mosaico 大楼）和 Cruzcampo 塔楼（前称 Palomar 鸽舍大楼，已列入城市保护建筑名录）。

由于啤酒生产迁至市区外的工厂，Cruzcampo 的母公司喜力（Heineken）决定改造这些曾用于老式酿酒和发酵的历史建筑，使其可以用于与啤酒的文化和社会价值相关的全新用途，进一步延伸到餐饮和酒店业。

喜力委托 AYESA 公司改造这些建筑，建筑团队提出的项目不仅使其适应新的功能需求，还恢复了它们的历史价值，并以透明和可接触的方式将其开放给塞维利亚市民。该项目明确表示要以整体化的方式来处理，力求使建筑群作为一个统一的体量被识别，而不是一个一个地看待各个建筑。

该项目从 2017 年开始开发，至今仍在进行。第一个完工的建筑是 Cruzcampo 工厂，它于 2021 年 6 月投入使用，随后是 Maestranza 大楼，该建筑的外立面也经过了修复，最后是 Cruzcampo 塔楼，于 10 月 15 日揭幕。

▼历史照片，historical photo©vista gral.

The Cruzcampo factory complex is located in one of the current nerve centres of Seville, the Nervion neighbourhood. It consists of three historic buildings, one from 1904, called Maestranza, and two built between 1939 and 1940, called Cruzcampo Factory (formerly the Mosaico building) and Cruzcampo Tower (formerly the Palomar –Dovecote– building, included in the catalogue of protected buildings in the city).

As a result of the transfer of beer production to a site outside the urban area, Heineken (owner of Cruzcampo) decided to transform the historic buildings that had housed the old brewery room and the beer fermentation cellar, to make possible new uses related to beer’s cultural and social value and, by extension, to gastronomy and hospitality.

Heineken commissioned AYESA to transform these buildings and the architectural team proposed a project that not only adapts them to their new uses, but also recovers their heritage value and opens them up to the city of Seville with a commitment to transparency and accessibility.

There is a clear desire to approach the intervention in a unitary way, to make it more recognizable as a whole, and not individually building by building. The project has been developed in phases, from 2017 to the present. The first building to be completed was the Cruzcampo Factory, inaugurated in June 2021, followed by the Maestranza, the subject of an intervention that affected its facades, and finally the inauguration of the Cruzcampo Tower on October 15.

▼建筑外观，exterior of the building©Juanca Lagares

Cruzcampo 工厂：融入多种修复项目的建筑

Cruzcampo Factory: a building that integrates various restoration programmes

为了更突出 Cruzcampo 工厂大楼的修复工程的主体性，其东侧的原封闭立面被替换为透光性强的透明立面，使得内部设施在白天可以远距离看到，夜晚则成为一面光的画布。建筑设计在新立面的透明性上做了补充，修建了一个相邻的下凹广场，这样可以让自然光进入原本是半地下层的空间，其中设有餐厅，并且提供了直接进入建筑的通道，这些特点进一步加强了设施的公共性质。

To give greater prominence to all the restoration activity of the Cruzcampo Factory building, its opaque east façade was replaced by a light and transparent one, allowing the interior installations to be visualised at a great distance from the street during the day and become a plane of light at night.

▼透光性强的透明立面，light and transparent facade©Juanca Lagares

新建筑项目位于曾经用于酿酒过程的空间，要求解决不同功能的共存问题，这些功能相互关联，包括餐厅、酿酒厂、微型酿酒厂和酒店学校。通过对整体空间和不同用途的精心概念设计，项目成功有序地解决了酒店学校的功能需求，尽管涉及较为复杂的功能安排。在其他设计方案中，厨房区域不再设隔离墙，厨房被扩展并重新设计，与餐厅的用餐空间完全融合，使访客可以观察到厨房操作和食物处理的过程。

▼改造后工厂平面，renovated factory plan©AYESA

The architectural project complements the transparency of the new façade with the construction of an adjoining recessed plaza that allows the entry of daylight into what originally was a semi-basement level, where the restaurant is located, and also provides direct access to the building, characteristics that reinforce the public character of the facility.

The new building program, in spaces formerly intended for the beer brewing process, asked to resolve the coexistence of different uses related to each other: restaurant, brewery, microbrewery and hotel school. The careful conceptualization of the space in its entirety and the particularity of its different uses resolves the hotel school activity in an orderly way, despite the functional complexity. Among other solutions, the design dispenses with the kitchen enclosure, which is also extended and reformed so that it is fully integrated into the restaurant dining space, allowing visitors to observe the work and the handling of food.

▼明亮的用餐空间，bright dining area©Juanca Lagares

项目还设计了一个微型酿酒厂，与餐厅功能共存。虽然两者位于完全分隔的空间中，但设计通过统一建筑内的体量，赋予这一项目独特的特色，使其在外部和内部的多个视角中都能清晰可见。为实现这一点，Cruzcampo 工厂建筑的关键设计元素是新增的夹层，其中包含酿酒设施，并创造出一个双层高度的空间，通过主立面的窗户提供照明。

The project also incorporates a microbrewery that coexists with the restaurant function. Though located in clearly differentiated spaces, the design unifies the interior volumes of the building to provide this programme with a unique character that is highly representative and visible from a multitude of perspectives, both from the outside and from the inside. To achieve this in the Cruzcampo Factory building, the key element is a new mezzanine where the brewery facility is located, generating a double height space that is illuminated by the windows of the main façade.

▼微型酿酒厂，a microbrewery©Juanca Lagares

Cruzcampo 塔楼的修复

The rehabilitation of the emblematic Cruzcampo Tower building

工厂的老发酵筒仓，俗称“Palomar”（鸽舍），因屋顶上有鸽子而得名，是一座在塞维利亚市内非常知名的保护建筑，其高耸的塔楼和顶部的 Cruzcampo 标志成为地标之一。

The factory’s old fermentation silo, popularly called Palomar, Dovecote in English, for the presence of these birds on the roof, is a listed building well known in Seville for its height and its gabled roof topped with the iconic Cruzcampo sign.

▼塔楼内部，inside the tower©Juanca Lagares

AYESA 的设计提议彻底清空这座老筒仓，并保留其原有的砖砌和混凝土外立面，这些外立面通过展现发酵过程中留下的气体痕迹，赋予了独特的审美和历史价值。技术层面上，清空筒仓后，原有楼板被更换为新楼板，增加了楼层的净高，并去除了中间的支柱，这一改造是为满足课程和创业培训空间等功能的需求提供必要的灵活性。

Recently inaugurated, AYESA’s project in this case proposed the complete emptying of the old silo, maintaining its original brick and concrete skin which takes on an aesthetic and historical value when it is shown as it is with the stains of the gases emitted during the fermentation process that took place there. On a technical level, emptying the silo permitted existing slabs to be replaced by new ones, allowing an increase in the clear height of the floors and the elimination of central pillars, an essential action to achieve the necessary versatility of the planned programs including classrooms and training spaces for the promotion of entrepreneurship.

▼塔楼屋顶空间，the rooftop space©Juanca Lagares

空间的解放通过集中设置垂直交通系统实现，在建筑的后部设置了一个服务核心，内有双楼梯和电梯。在顶楼设有一个用于举办庆祝活动和会议的开放式空间，带有位于西立面的露台，这样的设计完美地延续了整个项目的透明效果，提供一个面向城市远景的可访问开口，名为 Mirador，俯瞰塞维利亚历史中心。

This freeing up of space is helped by the centralisation of vertical communications, with a double staircase and lifts, in a service core arranged at the back of the building. On the top floor there is a space for celebrations and events, a large open-plan room that has a terrace located on the west façade, which thus culminates the effect of transparency for the entire project with an accessible opening that looks to the horizon, the Mirador, providing views of the historic centre of Seville.

▼远眺城市景色，overlook the city view©Juanca Lagares

建筑群外立面的统一处理与历史价值的恢复

Unitary treatment of the façades of the complex and recovery of their historical and heritage value

工厂的修复工作集中在三个建筑（Maestranza、Mosaico 和 Palomar）的外立面改造上，采用相似的材料、解决方案和饰面，使整个建筑群呈现出统一的美学效果，增强了其历史和文化遗产价值的保护。

The rehabilitation of the factory hinges on the façade interventions of the three buildings (Maestranza, Mosaico and Palomar) with similar materials, solutions, and finishes, providing the whole complex with an aesthetic uniformity that enhances the preservation of its heritage and historical value.

▼增强了其历史和文化遗产价值的保护，enhances the preservation of its heritage and historical value©Juanca Lagares

然而，啤酒生产过程使得 Mosaico 和 Palomar 两座建筑的外立面呈现出高度不透明，形成了与外部环境的隔离，限制了自然光的进入。新的用途需求促使 AYESA 提出了一项设计方案，既能保持工业遗产的保护，又能赋予这些建筑更多的光照和透明度。为此，设计方案在这两座建筑上采用了自承重玻璃立面。

However, the beer production process meant that the Mosaico and Palomar buildings had facades characterised by their opacity that isolated the building from the outside, minimising the entry of natural light. The new uses planned led AYESA to propose an intervention in the facilities that, while respecting the preservation of industrial heritage, would also provide them with luminosity and transparency; to this end, the design introduced a self-supporting glazed façade in each of these buildings.

▼引入自然光，introducing natural light©Juanca Lagares

这一解决方案在两座建筑中得到了应用，并与对其余外立面的处理相结合，后者的目标是尽可能恢复原始外观，从而增强其历史和文化遗产价值。因此，砖石材料得以保留并覆盖以白色石灰砂浆，只有在原砖的状态允许时才会恢复。在 Mosaico 大楼，外立面的修复保留了 1960 年代的原始马赛克图案，这是该建筑群自建成以来的标志性元素。在建筑内部，项目特别注重展现建筑的老化、时光流逝和历史痕迹。例如，在 Palomar 大楼中，拆除现有楼板并新建时，保留了混凝土肋条底部的环扣和支架，这些施工细节仍然显现。

This same solution is applied in two different buildings and coexists with a treatment for the rest of the façades whose objective was to recover their original appearance as much as possible, thus enhancing their historical and heritage value. For this reason, brick is recovered as the original material, whenever its condition allows, and covered with white lime mortar. In the case of the Mosaico building, the intervention on the façade preserves the original mosaic from the 60s, a distinctive and identifying element of the complex since then. On the building interiors, the project pays special attention to showing the construction aging, the passage of time, and the traces of their previous uses. This criteria lead to maintaining certain construction detail elements used in the current rehabilitation, such as in the Palomar, where the loops and clamps placed at the bases of the concrete ribs have been left visible when demolishing the existing slabs to build the new ones.

▼展现原结构，present the original structure©Juanca Lagares

更多的可见性与可达性：工业综合体向公众开放

More visibility and accessibility: the industrial complex opens up to the public

工厂综合体原先被一圈由铁栅栏、柱子和石墙围绕着，这些围栏明确界定了空间，并将其与周围的行人流动隔开。此次改造项目提议拆除部分围墙，使改造后的建筑更加可达和可见，并与城市建立了直接联系。为此，Cruzcampo 工厂大楼拆除围墙的同时建造了一个下凹广场，允许访客直接进入曾为半地下层的餐厅区域，并强调了自然光的引入，这些设计增强了建筑设施的公共性。在 Cruzcampo 塔楼的改造中，围墙部分的拆除以及花坛的设计也对项目至关重要。

▼夜景，night view©Juanca Lagares

▼场地平面，site plan©AYESA

▼塔楼平面，tower plan©AYESA

CREDITS

2015-2021 Cruzcampo Factory

2015-2024 Cruzcampo Tower

Surface 2.072 m Factory – 2.804 m Tower

Budget PEM

2.129.361,17 € Factory – 3.249.114,23 € Tower Client Fundación Cruzcampo. Heineken

Authors

Ayesa: Daniel Herrera Calle, Mª Rosa García Muelas

Ayesa Team

Architecture: Carolina Márquez Espina, Manuel Jesús Montilla Salas, Miguel Rabán Mondéjar, Pedro Mena Vega, Rosa Ruiz Expósito, Sandra Bernal Cabeza, Antonio Figueroa García, Elisa Rosa Jiménez Sánchez Facilities: Juan Luis Campos Fernández, Álvaro Navarro Atienza, Álvaro Casado García, Javier Cabrerizo Cordero, Víctor Manuel Casado, Álvaro García Campañón, Óscar Pozo Hernández, Jesús Fernández Domínguez, Javier Fernández de Castro Ruz

PRL: Ricardo Galán Sánchez

Topography: Juan Miguel Blanco Mera, Javier Muñoz Gómez de Celis

Collaborators

Interior Design: Labmatic

Structures: Edartec

Acústics: Decibel Ingenieros

Geotechnics: Labrum

Asistencia Técnica: Salvador Mérida Proyecto de Actividad: Triángulo Ingeniería

Photos：Juanca Lagares