加州大学伯克利分校无障碍路径与场所规划丨美国丨Sasaki

Accessible Paths and Places Plan at UC Berkeley｜Sasaki

项目陈述

Project Statement

作为美国首批接纳残障学生的高等学府之一，加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校在推动无障碍建筑环境中的平权方面发挥着重要作用。该创新项目延续了伯克利分校在倡导权利平等方面的卓越历史，并为美国各大高校提供了处理无障碍问题的典范。加州大学伯克利分校无障碍路径与场所规划超越了传统的景观总体规划，确立了一个以残障人士的需求为核心的建筑环境未来愿景。该规划提出了多尺度的设计解决方案，不仅符合相关法规要求，还倡导以人为本的设计理念，聚焦每个人在校园景观中的独特体验与感官反应。

As one of the first institutions in the country to accommodate students with disabilities, UC Berkeley plays a leading role in advancing equal access within the built environment. This novel project advances UC Berkeley’s legacy of disability rights advocacy and provides a precedent for American institutions in addressing accessibility. The UC Berkeley Accessible Paths and Places Plan transcends the traditional landscape master plan to establish a future that centers disability in the built environment. The plan includes design solutions at multiple scales and moves beyond compliance to embrace human-centered design practices, focusing on each person’s unique experiences and sensory responses in the landscape.

▲大学伯克利分校无障碍路径与空间总体规划：无障碍路径与空间规划超越了传统的景观总体规划，旨在打造一个以无障碍为中心的未来，覆盖整个校园，UC Berkeley Accessible Paths and Places Master Plan: The Accessible Paths and Places Plan transcends the traditional landscape master plan to establish a future that centers disability across campus © Sasaki

项目说明

Project Narrative

该项目是加州大学伯克利分校首次全面规划，致力于解决校园公园景观中的无障碍问题。规划的重点是优先考虑坡度不超过5%的无障碍通道，仅在必要时使用坡道，避免将无障碍体验流于形式，重新构思相关的广场、庭院和公共空间，并通过材料指南增强整体的清晰性。整个规划过程持续多年，由核心团队、校园领导及跨部门工作小组共同推进。项目的核心是以人为本的体验。

不同于传统的现场考察，团队利用面对面的时间，与校园利益相关者和领导进行现场导览，使用虚拟现实技术在现场测试和迭代设计方案，参观了包括Tunnel Tops项目和Ed Roberts校区在内的无障碍设计示范场地。触觉模型和盲文地图促进了包容性参与和多感官的协作，最终的文档则包括了视觉报告和盲文报告。此外，团队还举办了一个公共的“以人为本”设计活动，分享在该主题上的经验和教训。

团队还对先前的规划文件进行了分析，包括《校园总体规划》、《景观遗产报告》和《美国无障碍法（ADA）过渡计划》，其中包含一个GIS数据库，突出了42,000处ADA不合规的情况。团队将这些数据进行综合和可视化，形成了横坡和纵坡图，帮助识别了优先干预的区域。这些数据还通过调查得到了补充，确认了通道坡度、地形特征、场地条件、树木状况、设施布局、环境退界、资本项目占地面积和无障碍入口的相关情况。地面平面图与坡度数据相结合，用于更好地理解室内外入口的无障碍设计。

最终的规划在7个主要走廊内安排了37个独立的景观项目，融入一个整体的无障碍框架。每个项目都明确了现有坡度不足、拟定的坡度调整方案、场地特征的保留与移除、土方工程分析、剖面图、透视图以及合规性实现的计划。拟定的项目不仅解决了无障碍问题，还促进了场所塑造，强化了校园景观的归属感。项目超越了基本的无障碍合规要求，融入了以人为本的设计实践，重点关注行动能力、视觉、听觉和认知等多方面的需求。通过将校园设计的核心放在无障碍上，项目推动了校园认同感的建设。

每个项目的成本估算使学校能够提出资本请求，并为项目实施提供了20年的发展路线图。无障碍框架作为一种简便直观的导向系统，为所有用户提供便利，利用在现有标准材料上添加的细微凹槽系统。这些凹槽作为视觉和触觉纹理，能为盲人使用手杖提供实时反馈。与凹槽平行或垂直的互动可以帮助定位方向。

在残障人士的反馈下，伯克利分校已经开始试点并优化这种凹槽处理方式，逐步实现无障碍网络的初期建设。该项目的最终成果是，校园利益相关者已转变为残障权益和无障碍的倡导者，推动了无障碍问题在各层级对话和决策中的关注，这对实现规划愿景至关重要。

▲原则与目标：该项目是加州大学伯克利分校首个全面解决景观及建筑与遗产地连接无障碍问题的规划，Principles and Goals: The project is the first at UC Berkeley to comprehensively address accessibility in the landscape and connections to buildings and heritage places © Sasaki

▲倡导残障群体权利：该规划推进了加州大学伯克利分校在残障权利倡导方面的长期传统，Championing Disability Rights Advocacy: The plan advances UC Berkeley’s long legacy of disability rights advocacy © Sasaki

▲问题界定：ADA过渡规划数据显示，校园内存在超过42,000个路径不合规点，许多建筑从景观上无法通达，Defining the Problem: ADA Transition Plan data revealed 42,000+ moments of pathway non-compliance across campus with many buildings being inaccessible from the landscape © Sasaki

▲人本设计方法的探索：解决无障碍问题为寻找以人为本的设计语言提供了机会—这种语言能够理解所有用户的偏好，Developing a Human-Centered Approach to Design: Addressing accessibility is an opportunity to find a human-centered design language – one that understands the preferences of all users © Sasaki

▲综合规划过程：该项目对于实现高校的目标至关重要，基于以往的规划工作，并为未来的建设与实施提供指导，An Integrated Planning Process: The project is essential to realizing institutional goals and builds on prior planning efforts while informing future construction and implementation © Sasaki

▲包容性、互动性与教育性参与：无障碍与非无障碍的利益相关者通过传统和非传统方式，包括虚拟现实、参观和活动，持续参与其中，Inclusive, Interactive, and Educational Engagement: Disabled and non-disabled stakeholders were continuously engaged through traditional and non-traditional methods, including VR, tours, and events © Sasaki

▲构建全新无障碍框架：新的主要无障碍路径建立了符合规范、无障碍的连接，且与奥姆斯特德（Olmsted Sr.）、霍华德（Howard）和丘奇（Church）等大师的规划相协调，Creating a New Framework for Accessibility: New primary accessible pathways create compliant, barrier-free connections across campus and harmonize with Olmsted Sr., Howard, and Church plans © Sasaki

▲无障碍策略：建议的路径采用5%坡度的优雅弯曲对接线形，必要时利用坡道，并创造无障碍建筑入口，Accessibility Strategy: Proposed pathways leverage 5% running slopes in graceful meandering alignments, utilize ramps when necessary and create accessible building entrances © Sasaki

▲连接走廊与项目：主路径的重新规划为重新构想关键开放空间提供了机会，项目共计37个，分布在7个走廊内，Connective Corridors and Projects: The realignment of primary pathways creates an opportunity to reimagine key open spaces, amounting to 37 discrete projects across 7 corridors © Sasaki

▲场地设计与指南：每个项目包括平面图、剖面图、土方挖填分析、场地特征总结、建议的坡度策略和概念性成本估算，Site Design and Guidelines: Each of the 37 projects contains plans, sections, cut/fill analysis, site feature summaries, proposed slope strategies, and conceptual cost estimates © Sasaki

▲钟楼草坪：规划提议将一个不可达且未充分利用的景观转变为奥姆斯特德设计的美丽中央草坪的延续，Campanile Glade: The plan proposes the transformation of an inaccessible and underutilized landscape into a continuation of Olmsted Sr.’s picturesque Central Glade © Sasaki

▲莫里森坡道：一条弯曲的5%坡度路径穿越陡峭坡面，并在每150英尺设置休息区，是“以人为本”设计最佳实践，Morrison Slope: A meandering 5% pathway navigates a steep slope and areas of rest are introduced every 150′, applying human-centered design best practices © Sasaki

▲言论自由大道：一条精心设计的5%坡道绕过现有树木，并种植新树以形成阳光与阴影交替的景观序列，Free Speech Way: A carefully aligned 5% pathway navigates around existing trees and incorporates new trees to complement a sequence of shade and sun © Sasaki

▲导向与材料策略：无障碍框架阐明了多感官、简洁直观的导向策略，并制定了新的无障碍触觉材料指南，Wayfinding and Material Strategy: The accessibility framework articulates a multi-sensory, simple, and intuitive wayfinding strategy and creates new tactile material guidelines © Sasaki

▲优先级与实施：项目优先级根据其对合规性的贡献、对其他资本项目的益处、成本以及早期成功的潜力进行排序，Prioritization and Implementation: Projects are prioritized based on their contribution to achieving compliance, benefiting other capital projects, their cost, and early win potential © Sasaki

Project Narrative

This project represents the first planning effort at UC Berkeley to comprehensively address accessibility across the Campus Park landscape. The plan prioritizes barrier-free accessible pathways of 5% slopes or less, leveraging ramps only when necessary, avoids tokenizing the accessible experience, reimagines associated quads, courtyards, and plazas, and reinforces legibility through material guidelines. The multi-year process was guided by a core team, campus leadership, and cross-sectional Working Group. Centering the human experience is at the heart of the effort. Rather than utilizing site visits for presentations, the team leveraged in-person time to conduct tours with campus stakeholders and campus leadership, test and iterate design options in the field using virtual reality, and visit sites including Tunnel Tops and the Ed Roberts Campus–a model for accessible design. Tactile models and braille maps enabled inclusive engagement and multi-sensory collaboration, while final documentation included both visual and braille final reports. The team also hosted a public Human-Centered Design Event to share themes and lessons learned on the topic. The team analyzed prior planning documents including the Campus Master Plan, Landscape Heritage Report, and ADA Transition Plan, which included a GIS database that highlighted 42,000 instances of ADA non-compliance. The team synthesized and visualized this data into cross-slope and running-slope diagrams that informed priority areas of intervention. This data was supplemented with surveys to confirm pathway slopes, topography, site features, tree condition, utilities, environmental setbacks, capital project footprints, & accessible entries. Ground floor plans were integrated with slope data to understand accessibility at indoor-outdoor thresholds.   The resultant plan situates 37 discrete landscape projects across 7 corridors, nestled within an overall accessibility framework. Each project identifies existing slope deficiencies, proposed slope strategies, site features to be retained or removed, earthwork analysis, sections, perspective views, and plans to achieve thoughtful compliance. Proposed projects address accessibility while also promoting placemaking to reinforce the campus landscape identity. The projects go beyond compliance to embed human-centered design practices focused on mobility, vision, hearing, and cognition. By centering campus design on accessibility, it becomes a driver of the campus’ identity. Cost estimates for each project give the university the ability to make capital requests and a roadmap for implementing the project over a 20 year horizon. The accessibility framework operates as a simple and intuitive wayfinding system for all users, leveraging a new system of subtle grooves on existing standard materials. The grooves work as a visual and haptic texture, providing continuous and real-time feedback for blind individuals using canes. Interacting with grooves in a parallel or perpendicular approach denotes its cardinal direction. With input from the disability community, UC Berkeley has already begun piloting and refining the grooved treatment to realize the initial segments of the accessible network.  A final outcome of this effort has been the conversion of campus stakeholders into disability rights and accessibility advocates, elevating accessibility in dialogue and decision-making at multiple levels, which has already proven critical in implementing the vision.

Project Credits

Marc Fisher, Vice Chancellor

Wendy Hillis, Assistant Vice Chancellor and Campus Architect

Sally McGarrahan, Associate Vice Chancellor, Facilities Services

Ella Callow, Chief Accessibility Officer, Disability Access & Compliance

Ben Perez, Manager, Physical Access Compliance, Disability Access & Compliance

Nio Howa, Disability Access & Compliance

Marissa Cheng, Director of Planning, Physical & Environmental Planning

Humberto Castro, Senior Planner, Physical & Environmental Planning

Eddie Chau, Project Manager, Capital Projects