地中海文化中心丨意大利雷焦卡拉布里亚丨扎哈·哈迪德建筑事务所

扎哈·哈迪德建筑事务所（Zaha Hadid Architects）设计的地中海文化中心正式开工。雷焦卡拉布里亚市（Reggio Calabria）市长朱塞佩·法尔科马塔（Giuseppe Falcomatà）与扎哈·哈迪德建筑事务所总监菲利波·伊诺森蒂（Filippo Innocenti）共同为项目奠基，标志着建设工作的正式启动。地中海文化中心位于意大利南部的雷焦卡拉布里亚，地处墨西拿海峡（Strait of Messina），自古以来便是地中海东西方的交汇点，同时也是意大利本土通往西西里岛的重要门户。作为贸易航线和生态多样性丰富的海洋枢纽，雷焦卡拉布里亚不仅承载着地中海的历史，也将在未来发挥重要作用。地中海的海洋文明深刻影响了卡拉布里亚地区的文化与传统。新建的文化中心将与当地现有的考古与艺术博物馆形成互补，深入探索卡拉布里亚与地中海之间的历史联系，以及这一联系如何塑造过去，并持续影响未来。

Centre of Mediterranean Culture construction begins eggio Calabria ’s mayor, Giuseppe Falcomatà and Zaha Hadid Architects’ director Filippo Innocenti have laid the foundation stone of the new Centre of Mediterranean Culture, marking the start of the project ’s construction. Strategically located on the Strait of Messina in southern Italy, Reggio Calabria has been a gateway between the eastern and western Mediterranean for thousands of years. The city also serves as the gateway between Italian mainland the island of Sicily. Being at the centre of trade routes and marine ecosystems of exceptional biodiversity has placed Reggio Calabria at the heart of the Mediterranean’s history—and places the region at the heart of its future. Maritime civilizations from across the Mediterranean have influenced Calabria’s rich local culture and traditions. The new Centre of Mediterranean Culture will complement Reggio Calabria’s existing archaeological and art museums by exploring the profound relationship between Calabria and the Mediterranean Sea that has defined the region’s past and will continue to shape its future.

▼鸟瞰，Aerial View © Render by NightNurse

该项目还涉及对城市海岸线的修复与升级。由于长期的环境退化和侵蚀，雷焦滨水区改造工程将显著提升该区域的可达性，打造新的滨海城市公园，并延展步行长廊，使人们能够尽览墨西拿海峡与西西里岛的壮丽景色。项目还将雷焦卡拉布里亚的港口重新融入城市公共空间，使其成为城市生活的一部分。作为滨水区改造的重要组成部分，地中海文化中心将成为市民的核心文化聚集地，承办各类活动、展览和论坛，同时呈现人类与海洋的历史关系，凸显卡拉布里亚的独特文化身份。

Incorporating the essential upgrading of the city’s coastline which has experienced environmental degradation and erosion over several decades, the Reggium Waterfront redevelopment significantly enhances accessibility to this prominent section of Reggio Calabria’s shoreline, creating a new coastal urban park with extended promenade that encompasses the city’s most iconic views of the Straight of Messina and the island of Sicily. Reconnecting Reggio Calabria’s working port to be an integral element of the city’s public realm, the Centre of Mediterranean Culture has been designed within the waterfront redevelopment as a primary civic and cultural gathering space for the city—hosting events, exhibitions and forums, as well as showcasing the history and relationship between humankind and the sea within a Calabrian context.

▼海景，Sea View © Render by NightNurse

地中海文化中心总面积达 24,000 平方米，包含一系列永久性与临时展览馆，还设有水族馆、多功能会议中心、礼堂、教育空间等，为城市提供举办演出、学术交流和行业活动的场地。此外，中心内设有书店、餐厅及酒吧等休闲设施，均可俯瞰港口，为游客提供沉浸式体验。建筑由四个功能区围绕一个双层挑高的中庭展开。通过先进的计算机模拟建模，建筑形态在公共庭院与建筑体量之间形成交错关系，为这座南欧城市提供遮阴，同时应对夏季北风穿越海峡带来的强劲气流。不同朝向的庭院分别面向东侧的港口、南侧的城市，或通往西侧的露台，俯瞰墨西拿海峡与远方的西西里岛。

The 24,000 sq. m Centre of Mediterranean Culture incorporates a series of permanent and temporary exhibition galleries, in addition to an aquarium, essential new multifunctional conference facilities for the city with an auditorium for performances, public presentations and industry events, as well as new educational spaces to be used by the region’s schools. The centre also includes supporting leisure amenities for visitors that include a bookshop and restaurant & bar overlooking the port. The centre’s four wings of facilities lead from a double-height atrium that serves as the entrance from the city. Advanced computer simulation modelling has determined the building’s composition which alternates architectural volumes between public courtyards that will be sheltered from the sunlight of one of Europe’s southernmost cities and the strong prevailing winds from the north that are funnelled through the straight in summer. Depending on its orientation, each sheltered courtyard overlooks the port to the east, the city to the south, or leads to the west-facing terrace with its panoramic views of the straight and Sicily beyond.

▼北部公园，Northern Park © Render by NightNurse

建筑内部的空间设计呈现出视觉与感官上的叙事性，灵感来源于地中海的海洋生态系统。丰富的色彩和有机形态使海洋生物成为礼堂内部设计的灵感来源，珊瑚色调象征着海峡生态系统的活力。水族馆的内部空间借鉴了水的流动性和纯净感，创造出沉浸式的体验，使参观者仿佛置身于海洋之中。展馆空间则通过光影的运用，呈现地中海悠久的航海历史，并鼓励游客探索展览内容带来的新发现。

Creating a visual and sensory narrative, the centre ’s interiors are informed by the Mediterranean and the rich marine environment of the straight. With its wealth of colours and organic forms, marine life serves as the source of inspiration for the auditorium ’s interiors where coral hues evoke the vitality of the straight ’s ecosystem. The fluidity and purity of water is echoed in the aquarium’s interior spaces, creating an immersive experience inhabited by the marine fauna within the aquarium. The sense of discovery embodied within the Mediterranean ’s long history of navigators is expressed in the galleries’use of light and shadow, inviting visitors to explore the new possibilities presented by each exhibition.

▼室内，Interior © Render by NightNurse

文化中心的可持续设计策略充分考虑了当地气候条件、资源利用效率和生态环境优化。墨西拿海峡的强风经过详细分析，以优化建筑布局，提高自然通风效果，并在夏季提升访客的舒适度。建筑的外立面 90%为不透光设计，并配有宽大挑檐，以显著减少来自各个方向的直射太阳辐射和海面反射热量，从而降低内部热负荷。立面采用本地采购的海洋级阳极氧化铝板，不仅反射地中海特有的自然光，同时还能降低建筑冷却能耗，实现长期节能。铝板材质轻盈，结合本地供应链可减少运输及安装能耗，同时，其耐海洋环境特性、可回收性及易加工性，有助于降低维护、替换及材料浪费，从而减少整个建筑生命周期的环境影响。

The centre’s sustainability strategies are informed by local climate conditions, resource efficiency, and ecological enhancement. The straight’s strong prevailing winds have been carefully analysed to guide architectural composition and mitigation strategies that will optimise visitor comfort and natural ventilation during Reggio Calabria’s summer months. A key aspect of the building’s passive design is its façade, which is 90% opaque with generous overhangs to significantly reduce direct solar heat gain from all directions—including reflections from the sea—to lower internal thermal loads. The façade’s locally sourced, marine grade anodized aluminium panels reflect the renowned natural light of the Mediterranean while also decreasing cooling demand to support long-term energy savings. The panels’ lighter weight and local supply chain reduces transportation and installation energy consumption, while its durability in marine environments, recyclability and ease of fabrication will minimize maintenance, replacement, and material waste—all contributing to a lower environmental footprint throughout the centre’s life cycle.

▼入口，Entrance © Render by NightNurse

此外，项目景观设计采用地中海本土灌木植被，共包括 60 种本土植物，以适应卡拉布里亚的气候条件，减少水资源消耗，并增强生物多样性。现场收集的雨水将用于景观灌溉及建筑用水需求。整体而言，该项目结合了建筑朝向优化、高性能外立面、混合通风系统、精心挑选的材料、集成式水资源管理及本土植被等可持续设计策略，充分体现了对环境可持续性、生物多样性和访客舒适度的关注。

Complementing these architectural measures is the creation of a Mediterranean maquis landscape that includes sixty varieties of native plants. Their adaptation to Calabria’s local climate minimises water usage while enhancing biodiversity. Rainwater captured on-site contributes to both landscape irrigation and building requirements. Collectively, these strategies—responsive building orientation, a high-performance façade, hybrid ventilation, considered material selection, integrated water management, and native planting—reflect the centre’s commitment to sustainability, biodiversity and visitor comfort.

▼南部公园，Southern Park © Render by NightNurse

扎哈·哈迪德建筑事务所在 2007 年的国际建筑竞赛中赢得该项目，其设计灵感来源于海星的放射对称形态。2021 年，该项目获得意大利国家复苏与韧性计划（PNRR）及 2021-2027 年国家大都市运营计划（PON Metro）的资金支持，使扎哈·哈迪德建筑事务所得以正式推进深化设计，并进一步优化方案，以满足未来数十年的高环保标准。

Zaha Hadid Architects won the centre’s 2007 international architectural competition with an organic design concept informed by the radial symmetry of starfish. Funding was secured in 2021 from Italy’s National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR) as well as the country’s 2021–2027 National Operational Programme for Metropolitan Cities (PON Metro), enabling the formal commissioning of Zaha Hadid Architects to proceed with the detailed design which has been refined to meet the advanced environmental criteria and standards of future decades.

▼水族馆，Aquarium © Render by NightNurse

Architect: Zaha Hadid Architects (ZHA)

Project Design: Zaha Hadid and Patrik Schumacher

ZHA Project Director: Filippo Innocenti

ZHA Project Architect: Domenico di Francesco

ZHA Project Associates: Andrea Balducci Caste, Marco Guardincerri

ZHA Project Leads: BIM Manager: David Fogliano; Façade: Marco Guardincerri; Interiors: Andrea Balducci Caste, Zsuzsanna Barát; Landscape: Marco Guardincerri; MEP+Structural Coordination: Andrea Balducci Caste

ZHA Project Team: Abdel Chehab, Anja Simons, Davide Del Giudice, Gabriele di Giovanni, Hangyul Jeong, Luciano Letteriello, Mario Mattia, Michele Salvi, Marina Martinez, Roberto Vangeli, Stefano Rocchetti, Serena Pietrantoni, Vincenzo Barillari

ZHA Interior Architecture Project Architects: Bidisha Sinha, Kar Hwa Ho

ZHA Interior Architecture Project Associate: Roberta Sartori

ZHA Interior Architecture Team: Aysu Aysoy, Andy Lin, Caleb Baldwin, Sonia Renehan

ZHA Sustanaibility Team Lead: Carlos Bausa Martinez

ZHA Sustanaibility Team: Aleksander Mastalski, Aditya Ambare, Bahaa Alnassrallah, Disha Setty

ZHA CODE team: Tommaso Casucci, Efthymia Douroudi, Henry David Louth, Vishu Bhooshan, Shajay Bhooshan

ZHA Competition Project Director: Filippo Innocenti

ZHA Competition Team: Michele Salvi, Roberto Vangeli, Andrea Balducci Caste, Luciano Letteriello, Fabio Forconi, Giuseppe Morando, Johannes Weikert, Deepli Zachariah, Gonzalo Carbajo

Consultants

Local Architect: Artuso Architetti Associati

Structural Engineers: Interprogetti

Quantity Surveyor: Building Consulting

General Contractor: COBAR spa

Cost Consultants: Building Consulting

Environmental Consultant: Biagio Cillo

Façade Engineering: Faces Engineering

M&E Engineering: Macchiaroli & partners

MEP: Macchiaroli & partners

Maintenance planning: Building Consulting

Fire Engineer: Macchiaroli & partners

Acoustic Consultant: Roberto Candela

Auditorium Stagecraft and Multimedia Design: Biobyte

Auditorium Acoustic Consultant: Biobyte

Museum Planning Consultants: Lord

Aquarium specialist: Costa Edutainment Spa

Maritime Infrastructure: INGER

Agronomist Consultant: Rosario Previtera

Site Safety Management: Building Consulting

Competition Fire Engineers: Macchiaroli & Partners

Competition Structural Engineers: AKT

Competition M&E: Max Fordham