蘑菇蘑菇儿童书屋丨中国大理丨孔祥伟工作室

2025/03/18 23:45:49

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多维背景：秘境中的家园

Multidimensional Context: A Hidden Homeland

无量山脉的褶皱深处，云南大理南涧县碧溪乡岩子头村如同被时间遗忘的秘境，汉、彝、白、傣、黎、哈尼六个民族在此共生共长。当城市化的浪潮席卷大地，这个只有71户人家的小村落仍然保持着原始的生命力——村子风景优美，数百棵连片生长的古树屏障郁郁莽苍，但也免不了乡村衰落的局面，收入微薄，宅院荒废，人口流失。团队受委托参与到村子的建设中，和村民一起合作，重新梳理资源禀赋，利用优良的旅游资源，增设茶旅空间等旅游基础配套，给村子带来旅游收入。调研发现村子正面临大部分村子的问题：青壮年离村打工，老人小孩留守。孩子们去镇上学校上学，周末老人们接他们回家，这个时候成了全村最热闹的时刻。村史馆旁的广场上聚集来回追赶、打闹玩耍的小朋友，欢乐的笑声在村子蔓延，原本沉闷的乡村充满活力。这些奔跑在青石板路上的孩子们，是乡村真正的未来。我们建议增设儿童书屋，当成献给多民族孩子们的礼物。选址上只有村史馆旁边的小地块可以利用。地块处于两栋老房子之间的一块岩石之上，不大的空间里生长的一棵拐枣树，让本就狭小的空间变得更加紧张。为连接后期地块上方的村民文化中心，这个罅隙中的地块作为前导入口，刚好成为文化建筑的引子。

Tucked into the folds of the Wuliang Mountains, Yanzitou Village—a secluded hamlet inhabited by six ethnic groups (Han, Yi, Bai, Dai, Li, and Hani)—faces the paradox of rural decline amidst its pristine landscape. With only 71 households, the village struggles with depopulation and aging residents as youth migrate for work. Yet, weekends brim with vitality as children return from town schools, filling the plaza near the village history museum with laughter. The book house, sited on a narrow rocky plot between two old dwellings and shaded by a sprawling raisin tree, acts as both a cultural gateway to the future community center and a beacon for rural rejuvenation.

▼鸟瞰，Bird’s eyeview© Arch-translator

▼鸟瞰近景，Bird’s eyeview © Arch-translator

▼鸟瞰周边环境，Surrounding context© Arch-translator

自然礼赞：与拐枣树的共生

Symbiosis with Nature: Dialogue with the Raisin Tree

设计团队驻村，与村里匠人一起现场营造。在这里建筑即自然延伸，12mm螺纹钢编织成繁密的枝桠，拱形柱结构以树枝形态悬挑出屋面，与拐枣树冠构成虚实相生的双重穹顶。混凝土浇筑的拱顶向上生长，形成原始棚屋的庇护感，将“茅茨土阶”的材料更替为耐久混凝土，避免风雨侵蚀。在建造的过程中发现两个圆形屋顶相互交叠好似蘑菇，像这座大山里数不清的蘑菇，映射地域象征和趣味，让这个建筑充满了童趣。

Under tight constraints of time, space, and preservation of the ancient tree, the design adopts an improvisational approach. Collaborating with local artisans, 12mm ribbed steel bars were woven into branch-like arches, cantilevering from the roof to form a dual canopy with the tree’s crown. Cast-in-place concrete vaults replace traditional “thatch-and-earth” materials, ensuring resilience while evoking primal shelter. The overlapping circular roofs, reminiscent of mushrooms native to the region, infuse playful symbolism into the structure.

▼阳光下的儿童书屋，Children’s Book House in the Sun © Arch-translator

▼从街巷看书屋，View from the street © Arch-translator

▼黄土老宅和书屋，Loess old house and book house © Arch-translator

手作温度：乡村营造的粗粝美学

Handcrafted Imperfection: Rustic Materiality

建筑材料采用普通的素混凝土，非标准而昂贵的清水混凝土。整个建造过程即粗粝美学的工艺实验：工艺取决于村民的手艺。施工过程的缺陷经过弥补和打磨，留下了手作的温度，也创造了原始的视觉张力。这正是在乡村独有的环境和氛围下该有的建筑表情：粗粝而不粗陋，野性而不野蛮。

Rejecting polished finishes, ordinary concrete was used to embrace the raw aesthetics of rural craftsmanship. Construction flaws were meticulously refined, preserving the tactile warmth of manual labor. The result is a tactile texture—rugged yet dignified—that harmonizes with the village’s vernacular identity.

▼阳光透过儿童书屋的圆洞，Sunlight shines through the round hole in the children’s book house © Arch-translator

▼在屋顶玩耍的孩子们，Children playing on the roof © Arch-translator

▼在屋顶玩耍的孩子们，Children playing on the roof © Arch-translator

▼放羊的杨大爷和书屋，Uncle Yang the Shepherd and the Book House © Arch-translator

光的叙事：时空交织的梦幻剧场

Light as Narrative: A Dynamic Theater

小小的书屋是一个光的容器。为拐枣树的生长保留树洞，中心采光圆洞，为减轻屋檐重量而预留的圆洞，楼梯空间，都为建筑带来了变化丰富的自然光线。柱子的拱形结构和树枝状结构，也给建筑生成了丰富的光影效果。拱形柱网投射枝桠状阴影，与彩色亚克力书架（6mm螺纹钢编织半圆球体）折射的斑斓光斑，在地面交织成童趣光域。倾斜曲面矮墙成为孩童躺卧观日光的剧场坐席，他们席地而躺，等着中心的阳光洒下来打在脸上或身上，光影随时间流转在空间内上演“自然戏剧”。书屋里藏着彩色的梦幻空间。我们沿着拱柱做了一个彩色的书架，书架适应孩子身高，由6毫米的螺纹钢编织而成的半圆球体构成，表面镶嵌彩色亚克力板，透光性强，色彩鲜艳，像这片土地开出的鲜艳花朵。孩子们把它当成大玩具，钻进圆洞里，或享受一个人的安静阅读，或追逐书架上投下的光斑，这里就是他们的乐园。因为有了光，小小的书屋成为一个时空交织的梦幻剧场。

Natural light filters through preserved tree hollows, a central oculus, and stair voids, animating the space with ever-shifting patterns. Arched steel columns cast dendritic shadows, while semi-spherical bookshelves—woven from 6mm steel rods and clad in translucent, color-saturated acrylic panels—scatter kaleidoscopic reflections.A sloped curved wall serves as seating, where children recline to watch sunlight traverse the space, transforming the book house into a “living theater” of light and time.

▼书屋的小巷入口，Alley entrance © Arch-translator

▼书屋入口，Entrance © Arch-translator

▼阳光下的书屋入口，Entrance in the sun © Arch-translator

▼孩子们在平台上玩耍，Children playing on the platform © Arch-translator

▼彩色的光照在孩子们的身上，Colorful lights shine on the children © Arch-translator

空间戏剧：童趣装置的叙事迷宫

Spatial Drama: A Playful Labyrinth

高辨识度的蘑菇屋顶，不同角度又是不同的表情。从东面窄巷看似帽檐，高处看又像一张可爱的小怪脸，平添几分趣味。这是属于乡村的情感共鸣，总是在不经意中发现美。开放式布局与向上的路径设计激发探索欲，延伸至与拐枣树互动的屋顶上人平台，孩子们可以在屋面摘枣子，也可以远眺山峦和古树。夜晚灯光亮起，小书屋如飞碟一样飘落村子的中心，书屋成为激发想象力的游戏装置。

The iconic mushroom-shaped roof shifts in character: viewed from the east alley, it resembles a hat brim; from above, a whimsical face. An open layout and ascending pathways lead to a rooftop platform where children interact with the raisin tree, harvest its fruit, or gaze at the ancient forest canopy. At night, illuminated like a levitating UFO, the structure becomes a fantastical village landmark.

▼书屋的中庭，Atrium © Arch-translator

▼书屋的交通空间，Traffic Space © Arch-translator

▼孩子们在书屋玩耍，Children playing © Arch-translator

▼在书屋里读书的孩子，children reading in bookhouse© Arch-translator

▼读书和玩耍的孩子们，Children reading and playing © Arch-translator

未来记忆：乡情充盈的时空胶囊

Intergenerational Memory: A Capsule of Rural Life

这个小小的书屋，日常场景被空间定格为动人的画面切片：薄雾笼罩的清晨，村子里93岁的杨大爷一如既往早起，在议事亭的长椅上等待清早的那缕阳光，孩子们已经在亭子晨读和玩耍；中午，议事亭里满是围坐打牌的老人，旁边小书屋里，孩子们的学习和玩耍的身影浮现；傍晚，放了六只黑山羊的杨大爷如约出现在书屋圆顶下的小巷子，每每周五，他都会在落日的余晖里把镇上上学的孙女接回家，在书屋里呆上一会儿，这成了她另一个学习和玩耍的场所。小书屋成为一个乡情充盈的时空胶囊，定格了跨代际的温情互动，容纳乡土记忆自由生长，也是未来记忆里的柴火星光。

The book house weaves itself into daily rituals: at dawn, 93-year-old Elder Yang waits for sunlight in the adjacent pavilion while children read; at noon, elders play cards nearby as kids explore the shelves; at dusk, Elder Yang fetches his granddaughter from school, and they linger beneath the mushroom roof. These vignettes crystallize the space as a “time capsule,” preserving cross-generational bonds and nurturing local identity.

▼书屋的檐下空间，Space under the eaves © Arch-translator

▼彩色书架，Colorful bookshelf © Arch-translator

▼彩色书架和平台，Colorful bookshelves and platforms © Arch-translator

▼彩色的光吸引着孩子，Colorful lights attract children © Arch-translator

▼五彩斑斓的书架，Colorful bookshelf © Arch-translator

▼彩色书架的光，Colored bookshelf light © Arch-translator

结语：永续的希望容器

Conclusion: A Vessel of Cultural Continuity

书屋建成之后成为了村里孩子们学习和玩耍的游戏场。建筑虽小，也力图为孩子们美好的童年记忆增添彩色光影。记忆是孩子们长大后与故乡的情感纽带，而纽带意味着未来。蘑菇蘑菇儿童书屋以微小干预激活乡村公共性，其价值超越物理空间——作为多民族儿童的情感纽带，它以空间诗学连接个体成长与社区记忆，以材料叙事对话传统工艺与现代美学，成为承载文化韧性与未来希望的“永续容器”。乡愁不是固守传统，而是让文化如树木一般自由生长。在这里，乡村不是挽歌式的怀旧对象，而是充满各种可能的未来场域。

More than a physical structure, the book house embodies cultural resilience. It bridges tradition and modernity through material narratives, connects individual growth with collective memory, and reimagines rural spaces as fertile ground for future possibilities. Here, nostalgia is not passive preservation but active growth—rooted in heritage yet branching toward new horizons.