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哀鸽鸽舍丨美国加利福尼亚丨S^A | Schwartz and Architecture

2023/04/03 15:33:01

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这座390平方英尺的工作室扩建于加利福尼亚州索诺马的屋主兼建筑师的现有住宅之上，其灵感来源于场地上成双成对的哀鸽（Mourning Dove）。哀鸽是北美分布最广的鸟类之一，却因栖息地丧失而面临生存挑战。它们通常实行一夫一妻制，但繁殖力极强，每年最多可养育六窝幼鸟。雄鸽在白天孵卵，雌鸽则在下午和夜间接替。它们的习性，以及象征和平与宁静的文化意涵，使“与鸽共居”成为设计的核心主题——这一理念在全球疫情背景下更具深远意义。

This 390 sq ft studio addition onto the owner/architect ’s existing home in Sonoma, California takes inspiration from the site ’s abundant pairs of Mourning Doves. The Mourning Dove, one of the most widespread of all North American birds suffering the impact of habitat loss, is typically monogamous yet is a prolific breeder, raising up to six broods a year. Both sexes take turn incubating –the male from morning to afternoon, and the female the rest of the day and night. Appreciation of these qualities, and the dove’s historical associations with peace and calm, made the idea of co-habitation with them a critical leitmotif –one made even more potent in a global pandemic.

▼项目概览，overall of the project© Douglas Sterling Photography

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▼外立面倾斜墙体内嵌有十二个筑巢箱，

twelve nesting boxes built into the angled exterior façade © Douglas Sterling Photography

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▼庭院一侧立面局部，partial facade on one side of the courtyard© Douglas Sterling Photography

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传统乡村“鸽舍”（dovecote）用于饲养鸽子或斑鸠，有的为独立建筑，有的则嵌入房屋或谷仓端部。建筑师研究了最有利于鸽子筑巢的高度、朝向、比例和通风方式，这些研究成果直接塑造了建筑的外观和内部空间。项目同时回应了“现代农舍”风格在葡萄酒乡村的泛滥——这些建筑虽带有传统农舍的外表，却往往规模失衡、选址不当、缺乏细致考量。

▼分析图，analysis diagram© Schwartz and Architecture

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A traditional country ‘dovecote’ houses pigeons or doves, sometimes freestanding but often built into the ends of houses or barns. The architect researched the most advantageous height, orientation, proportion, and ventilation to encourage nesting doves –a process that informed both the shape of the exterior and interior space. The work also serves as a response to the proliferation of the ‘modern farmhouse’ style for new wine country homes –structures with the veneer of traditional farm buildings yet often out of scale with their surroundings, ill-sited, and ill-considered.

▼倾斜的墙体，sloping wall© Douglas Sterling Photography

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▼近景，closer view© Douglas Sterling Photography

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▼面向花园的立面，facade facing the garden© Douglas Sterling Photography

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▼入口，entrance© Douglas Sterling Photography

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▼庭院，courtyard© Douglas Sterling Photography

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外立面倾斜墙体内嵌有十二个筑巢箱，鼓励鸽子在此安居，如同传统鸽舍。较低的观鸟窗提供观察鸽子觅食的视角，同时也是屋主的两只意大利斯皮诺内猎鸟犬（Spinone Italiani）绝佳的玩耍与观景点。

Although hidden from the interior, twelve nesting boxes built into the angled exterior façade, encourage the bird’s co-habitation of the space as in traditional dovecote structures. A lower bird-watching window focuses on the doves as they ground-feed and serves as convenient viewing spot for the owner’s two Spinone Italiani bird-dogs.

▼筑巢箱，the nesting boxes© Douglas Sterling Photography

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▼屋顶细部，details of the roofs© Douglas Sterling Photography

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室内空间强调光影的微妙变化。天花板由一系列微微倾斜的三角平面构成，采用米白色灰泥，以柔和方式捕捉自然光线。一块悬浮的铝制艺术画增强了空间的层次感，而略带半透明白色涂层的英国梧桐木柜体与灰泥饰面相呼应，深色天然软木地砖则赋予空间稳定的基调。

The ceiling is a series of slightly triangular planes in an off-white plaster that subtly captures the shifts in natural light. An aluminum art panel floats in front of an angled wall to intensify the depth of the abstract space. English Sycamore cabinetry with a slight translucent whitewash finish matches the plaster. A dark natural cork floor tile grounds the space.

▼室内空间强调光影的微妙变化，the ceilingin an off-white plaster that subtly captures the shifts in natural light© Douglas Sterling Photography

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▼天花板由一系列微微倾斜的三角平面构成，the ceiling is a series of slightly triangular planes © Douglas Sterling Photography

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▼铝制艺术画增强了空间的层次感，the aluminum art panel floats in front of an angled wall © Douglas Sterling Photography

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细部细部，details© Douglas Sterling Photography

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一面定制的轻纱帘幕在新旧空间之间形成半透的分隔，其图案源自燕群飞翔（murmuration）的意象。摄影师理查德·巴恩斯（Richard Barnes）提供了《Murmur》系列的作品，我们将其制作成“燕群帘”（Murmuration Drape）。图像被分割成五块独立面料，并印制在透明丝绸上，最终拼接成一幅飘逸灵动的门帘，为鸽舍增添诗意背景。

A custom sheer curtain divides the new space from the old with an image of a murmuration of swallows flocking. The photographer Richard Barnes supplied an image from his Murmur series of these flocks, from which we made the Murmuration Drape. We divided the image into five unique panels and printed them on sheer silk. We then reassembled the image, thus creating a fluttering threshold to, and backdrop for, the dovecote.

▼定制的轻纱帘幕在新旧空间之间形成半透的分隔，the custom sheer curtain divides the new space from the old© Douglas Sterling Photography

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▼纱帘图案源自燕群飞翔的意象，the custom sheer curtain with an image of a murmuration of swallows flocking© Douglas Sterling Photography

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▼一角一角，corner of the studio© Douglas Sterling Photography

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▼细部，details© Douglas Sterling Photography

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“拉我靠近（又名推我远离）”（Pull-Me-Closer aka Push-Me-Away）门把手致敬了阿尔瓦·阿尔托（Alvar Aalto）现代而富有亲和力的室内风格。设计团队经历多次木制和陶土原型测试后，最终采用数字建模确定形态。本地铸造厂使用3D打印塑料模型制作模具，并铸造成青铜。随后，工匠以满洲剑柄的传统缠绕技法（Manchurian sword-hilt wrapping technique）包裹皮革，为其增添温润触感。

▼分析图，analysis diagram© Schwartz and Architecture

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▼客厅，living room© Douglas Sterling Photography

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▼“拉我靠近（又名推我远离）”门把手，the Pull-Me-Closer (aka Push-Me-Away) handles © Douglas Sterling Photography

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项目自设计之初便充分考虑对生态系统和能源消耗的影响。建筑保留了场地原有的自然景观，并高效利用自然资源，如采光和雨水收集。设计团队通过计算机建模分析全年光照质量，以优化建筑的选址、朝向、遮阳、开口和功能布局。此外，项目采用了环保材料，如软木地板、辐射供暖系统和太阳能电池板。▼分析图，analysis diagram© Schwartz and Architecture

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On a sustainability aspect, the project considers its impact on the whole surrounding ecosystem as well its energy consumption very early on in the design process. Preservation of existing landscape, taking advantage of natural resources such as natural daylight and storm water are efficiently utilized throughout the project. Computational modeling and analysis were conducted to understand the quality and levels of natural light throughout the day and year, deciding the site, orientation, overhangs, openings, and programming of the structure. More conventionally, the project includes sustainable materials such as cork flooring, radiant heating, and solar panels.

▼大面积开窗进入阳光与景观，large area of window opening into sunlight and landscape© Douglas Sterling Photography

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屋顶的“羽毛”由激光切割金属板制成，在排版过程中尽量减少材料浪费。同时，雪松木外墙的边角余料被用于制作通往鸽舍的层叠式入户桥。建筑可完全依靠现场可再生能源独立运行，使其在野火、洪水等环境危机中成为避难所。项目安装的太阳能系统可完全抵消整个住宅年度化石燃料消耗，实现100%能源自给。

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The roof ‘feathers ’ are laser cut from sheet metal, carefully nested to ensure minimal waste in fabrication. Similarly, the offcuts from the cedar siding are used to create the laminated entry bridge to the dovecote studio space. The project can operate entirely off-grid with on-site renewable energy generation. As such it can become an area of refuge in times of increasing environmental instability such as wildfires and floodings. The solar array installed as part of this project scope produces enough energy to offset 100% of the annual fossil fuel use for the entire property.