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Magarola住宅丨西班牙巴塞罗那丨Raúl Sánchez

2025/04/18 16:30:12

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这座住宅坐落在一块陡峭的地形上，坡度高达100%。建筑在尊重地形、尽可能保留原始地貌的前提下拔地而起，避免了对板岩地层的大规模开挖。为适应地势，房子几乎不触地，仅通过几面混凝土墙作为结构支撑，最大限度地保持地形的原貌，形成了一层与环境融合却不失自我特质的建筑表皮。

Situated on an extreme 100% slope, the house rises while respecting the terrain and preserving the natural profile, avoiding major excavations into the slate rock. Designed to adapt to the landscape, it barely touches the ground, supported by a few concrete screens that serve as structural elements, leaving the terrain practically untouched. This creates a built layer that integrates into the environment without losing its own identity.

▼项目外观，exterior of the project©José Hevia

建筑从上层进入，此处呈现为一个规则且封闭的体量。随着地势下沉，可以看出房子在后部几乎不着地，而是将“腿脚”（混凝土墙）延伸到立面墙体与沿坡而下的核心筒上寻求支撑。一段悬挑楼梯连接人行入口与停车区，向下延伸至主层空间，大型露台自此展开，迎接来访者。这片露台与宽敞的厨房-餐厅空间无缝衔接，通过四扇大型滑窗向外敞开。一旦步入室内，内外之间的联系便流动且持续：树木枝叶轻拂立面，远方山谷与群山的景色在每一个角落一览无遗，建筑与环境之间展开了持续的对话。

▼轴测图，axonometric©Raúl Sánchez

Access is from the upper level, where the house presents itself as a regular and hermetic volume. As the terrain descends, it becomes evident that the house barely rests on the rock at the rear, instead extending its “legs” (concrete screens) to find support on the facade walls and central core along the slope. A cantilevered staircase, connecting the pedestrian access and the parking area, descends and leads to the main level, where a large terrace welcomes visitors. This terrace extends seamlessly from a spacious kitchen-dining area, which opens onto the outdoor balcony through four large sliding windows. Once inside, the connection between indoors and outdoors is fluid and constant: the surrounding trees, with branches brushing against the façades, and the distant views of the valley and mountains, are revealed in every corner, creating a continuous dialogue between the house and its environment.

▼项目周围环境，surroundings©José Hevia

▼混凝土墙延伸到立面墙体与沿坡而下的核心筒上寻求支撑，

concrete screens finds support on the facade walls and central core along the slope©José Hevia

在下层空间中，核心体量容纳了楼梯、卫生间与储物间，其余四周为厨房、起居室与观景区的连续空间。其中面向山谷的区域设有一条沿整面玻璃幕墙延伸的内置长凳。这些相互贯通的空间既适合居住，也为沉浸式的景观体验而设计。整个住宅没有传统意义上的“入口”，取而代之的是厨房空间的悬挑楼板——这块楼板延伸至户外，配有一个现场浇筑的混凝土与Ceppo di Gré石材制成的长餐桌，以美食与款待迎接宾客。内部楼梯制造了一个贯穿双层的挑空空间，强化了楼层之间的视觉与功能连接。它穿过一个圆形开口，最终通过一个旋转45度的方形天窗装置通向屋顶，在实现空间流动的同时，也保留了屋顶的全景视野。

On the lower floor, a central block houses the staircase, bathroom, and pantry, freeing up the entire perimeter for a continuous flow of kitchen, living room, and viewing space. The latter faces the valley and features a built-in bench running along the entire glazed façade. These interconnected spaces are designed for both habitation and contemplation of the landscape. As a result, the house lacks a conventional entrance; instead, the arrival experience is defined by the large cantilevered slab—an extension of the kitchen—which features a large in-situ concrete and ceppo di gré stone island dining table, welcoming guests through food and drink. The interior staircase creates a double-height void, emphasizing visual and functional connectivity between floors within this continuous space. It then passes through a circular opening before emerging onto the roof through a square turret rotated 45°, allowing uninterrupted spatial flow and maintaining panoramic views from the rooftop.

▼下层空间，lower floor space©José Hevia

▼厨房，kitchen©José Hevia

▼厨房，kitchen©José Hevia

▼厨房中心的大理石长桌，marble desk on the center of the kitchen©José Hevia

▼通往客厅的落地窗长廊，

Floor-to-ceiling window gallery leading to the living room©José Hevia

▼客厅，the living room©José Hevia

▼壁炉，fireplace©José Hevia

▼楼梯，staircase©José Hevia

▼楼梯，staircase©José Hevia

上层的中央通道连接两个小阳台，既框景又提供通往三个卧室和一间卫生间的路径。主卧设有步入式衣帽间与独立卫浴，滑动门的设计使空间布局更具灵活性。连淋浴间也特别设置了一个新窗户，在视野与隐私之间取得微妙平衡。

On the upper floor, a central space connects two small balconies that frame the landscape while providing access to three bedrooms and a bathroom. The master bedroom includes a walk-in closet and an ensuite bathroom, with sliding doors that allow for flexible space configuration. Even the shower is positioned to enjoy a new window, balancing views and privacy.

▼卧室，bedroom©José Hevia

▼儿童房，children’s room©José Hevia

▼卫生间，bathroom©José Hevia

整栋建筑在平面与立面设计中皆遵循黄金比例法则，视觉上实现了简约与精致的平衡。建筑体量看似简洁，其中三面立面朝向入口与邻地，仅设有经过精心布局的节制开口，部分窗户还设有格栅遮阳。即便是一层阳台也面向内部，以营造更强的私密性。相反，面向山谷的立面则完全开放，畅享一览无余的风景。这一立面采用略带淡黄色的外墙色调，与住宅其他面向土地的赭色外观形成轻微反差，既与当地土壤融合，又保有一种似曾相识的独特性。

▼遵循黄金比例法则的一层平面，ground floor plan follows the golden ratio©Raúl Sánchez

The house’s design follows the golden ratio in both plan and elevation, achieving a visual balance between simplicity and sophistication. The volume appears straightforward, with three of its façades—facing the entrance and neighboring properties—featuring carefully placed, restrained openings, some of which are covered with lattice screens to control sunlight. Even the first-floor balconies are inward-facing for greater intimacy. In contrast, the façade overlooking the valley is fully open, allowing for uninterrupted views. This openness is further emphasized by a subtle shift in color: a very light yellowish tone differentiates this façade from the earthy hues of the rest of the house, blending with the local soil while maintaining a distinct, almost paradoxical familiarity.

▼露台，terrace©José Hevia

▼露台，terrace©José Hevia

在结构方面，住宅依靠立面与核心区域的混凝土墙体承重，由仅20厘米厚的钢筋混凝土楼板连接。室内无任何可见结构元素，空间极为通透。外部也仅可见那些纤细的混凝土“腿”，支撑起整个建筑。

Structurally, the house is supported by concrete screens along the façades and central core, connected by exceptionally thin, 20 cm reinforced concrete slabs. No structural elements are visible inside, as the interior was designed as a seamless open space. Similarly, from the outside, the only visible supports are the slender concrete “legs.”

▼纤细的混凝土“腿”支撑起整个建筑，

the only visible supports are the slender concrete “legs.”©José Hevia

全屋配有地暖系统，并通过高效的空气源热泵提供冷暖，能源来自屋顶的光伏板。其他可持续策略还包括：采用无热桥的外部保温系统（包括楼板下部也做了保温处理）、所有房间的自然交叉通风、对开口朝向与位置的精细控制（面向山谷的玻璃立面几乎无直射阳光）、雨水收集与再利用系统、以及选用本地简单材料。上述设计均致力于打造一个高能效、环境友好的住宅。场地仅砍伐了两棵树，其余四十余棵原树全部保留。

The house features a radiant floor heating system in all rooms, with an efficient aerothermal system providing heating and cooling, powered by photovoltaic panels on the roof. Additional sustainable strategies include an external thermal insulation system without thermal bridges (even the underside of the ground floor slab is insulated), natural cross ventilation in all rooms, carefully controlled orientation and placement of openings (the glazed valley-facing façade receives minimal direct sunlight), a rainwater collection and reuse system, and a selection of simple, locally sourced materials. These elements contribute to an environmentally conscious home with high energy performance. Furthermore, the terrain remains largely untouched, with only two trees removed out of more than forty on-site.

▼高能效、环境友好的住宅，

an environmentally conscious home with high energy performance©José Hevia

住宅的“第一步”是一块当地巨石，致敬卡洛·斯卡帕（Carlo Scarpa）对楼梯设计的理念——始终将其视为通向上方的邀请。这一细节折射出整个项目的设计哲学：在尊重自然环境的基础上，融合形式与空间的创新、与风景的融合以及可持续策略，成就了一座既融入又提升环境之美的住宅。

The first step of the house—an enormous piece of local rock—pays tribute to Carlo Scarpa’s approach to staircases, always conceived as an invitation to ascend. This element reflects the project’s philosophy, blending sensitivity to the environment, formal and spatial inventiveness, landscape integration, and sustainability, resulting in a home that both respects and enhances the natural beauty of its surroundings.

▼夕阳下的住宅，residence under sunset©José Hevia