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隐入山林的建筑——云南大理无量山风景厕所丨孔祥伟工作室

2025/04/22 12:37:50

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大理南涧县碧溪乡凤凰山谷的1300亩茶园，自上世纪50年代从原始森林中栽植而出，常年笼罩在流动的雾霭中，恍若金庸笔下无量山洞神仙姐姐居所的现世投影。这片秘境深处，依托茶园，云水姑娘餐饮公司建设了以民宿为主体的茶旅综合体，设计师接到委托重建原来的旧厕。

Within the 1,300-acre tea plantation nestled in Phoenix Mountain Valley, Bijixiang Township, Nanjian County, Dali, lies a landscape shrouded in perpetual mist—a realm reminiscent of the mythical “Immortal Sister’s Cave” from Jin Yong’sThe Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils. Originating from a 1950s reforestation effort, this secluded sanctuary now hosts a tea-tourism complex centered around guesthouses, developed by Yunshui Girl Catering Company. Tasked with renovating an outdated restroom, the designers sought to reimagine it as an integral part of the natural narrative.

▼项目鸟瞰，aerial view of the project©直译建筑摄影

▼项目近景，closer view of the project©直译建筑摄影

在这无量山苍翠褶皱间，山民们劳作时在野外如厕用“去风景了吗“婉转问询，将人与自然最原始的对话凝练成诗意表达，“风景”一词被赋予了独特的生活意涵——当云雾漫过茶园，当山风掠过竹篱，那些隐于林间的短暂驻留和自然释放，是一种本真的回应，与西方厕所restroom“休息处”的表达如出一辙。如厕是件惬意的事情，厕所是放松的地方。

Here, locals humorously ask, “Going to enjoy the scenery?”—a poetic euphemism for answering nature’s call. This phrase encapsulates a primal dialogue between humans and their environment. Amidst drifting clouds and rustling bamboo, these fleeting moments of respite mirror the Western notion of a “restroom,” framing the act as a serene communion with nature.

▼当云雾漫过茶园，amidst drifting clouds and rustling bamboo©直译建筑摄影

该厕所处民宿背坡，直面云雾雨水跌宕起伏又瞬息万变的山谷剧场。我们希望这里的厕所更应该是一个风景装置，是一个景观化的休息驿站。在如厕的过程中可以欣赏到山谷里的风景，也可成为家人朋友等待间登高凭栏欣赏广阔风景的屋面平台。设计师将建筑以谦卑的姿态编织进山林肌理，依场地两棵原生乔木就形，东侧古树穿透男厕廊墙，成为建筑骨骼的延伸；西侧幼树依螺旋楼梯中庭，形成人树互依的空中场域。压低的屋顶成为视觉通廊，保证游人漫步山径时视线一览无遗，与远山层峦完成一次无声的凝视。

Perched on a slope behind the guesthouses, the restroom faces a valley where mist and rain choreograph an ever-shifting spectacle. Designed as a “landscape pavilion,” it invites users to savor panoramic views while serving as a vantage platform for companions. The architecture humbly intertwines with the terrain: two native trees anchor the structure—an eastern elder tree pierces the men’s restroom corridor, extending the building’s skeletal form, while a sapling spirals around a central staircase, creating a symbiotic canopy. A lowered roofline preserves sightlines, allowing hikers to gaze uninterrupted toward distant peaks.

▼景观化的休息驿站，a “landscape pavilion,”©直译建筑摄影

三重体系演驿自然空间

Three Spatial Systems Harmonizing with Nature

建筑由三个空间体系构成。第一个空间体系是由轻钢结构支撑起的起伏的屋面，第二个空间体系是混凝土走廊和屋顶平台，第三个空间体系是厕所主体功能空间。在地营造的方式决定了这三个空间的建造次序。现场的踏勘确定好树的坐标，用角钢界定边界，确定男女厕所外墙，列次焊接悬挑的平台，并作为屋顶平台的边界限制。

The structure comprises three spatial layers. The first is a light steel framework supporting undulating roofs, the second includes concrete corridors and rooftop platforms, and the third houses functional restroom spaces. Construction followed a site-responsive sequence: after mapping tree locations, steel angles defined boundaries, followed by welded cantilevered platforms that doubled as rooftop edges.

▼入口，entrance©直译建筑摄影

▼由轻钢结构支撑起的起伏的屋面，a light steel framework supporting undulating roofs©直译建筑摄影

▼混凝土走廊，concrete corridor©直译建筑摄影

▼屋顶平台空间，roof terrace space©直译建筑摄影

转折起伏的屋面沿高低起伏的地势展开，整体上控制建筑的形体，也形成建筑的主要意向。三层构造支撑起屋顶的轻盈。第一层由角钢作结构支撑，三角形结构有机连接；第二层是均布的方管承托屋面瓦，第三层是黑色页岩板瓦片，是当地村民盖房子普遍使用的屋顶面瓦，并请了山下凤花村的匠人们施工，成为日常乡村里熟悉的亲切同类。

▼轴测图，axonometric©孔祥伟工作室

The roofline cascades with the topography, its form governed by a three-tiered system. A triangular lattice of steel angles forms the primary support, topped by evenly spaced square tubes and finished with locally sourced black slate tiles—crafted by artisans from Fenghua Village. Gaps between walls and roofs invite mountain breezes, ensuring natural ventilation and unbroken views.

▼转折起伏的屋面，the roofline cascades with the topography©直译建筑摄影

▼构造支撑起屋顶的轻盈，A triangular lattice of steel angles forms the primary support©直译建筑摄影

四季如春的山谷，晨雾和山风是这里钟灵毓秀的馈赠。设计上将屋顶与隔墙依托结构脱开，形成一定的空隙，不仅让建筑屋顶显得轻盈，半开放的厕所也将山谷的风引进来，保证良好的自然通风，也保证了风景的无阻隔。厕所洗手台、等候座椅为节省资金，均采用现场浇筑。厕所的组件更是就地取材，厕位的门取自茶园的细竹，本用作支撑庄稼，我们将之清洗出来碳化之后复用，用简单的角钢和螺纹钢固定门框。密排的细竹在阳光下透出好看的光影，给风景中的厕所投影出乡土的质朴美。

In the valley where it is like spring all year round, the morning mist and mountain breeze are the bountiful gifts bestowed by the beautiful and propitious natural environment. In the design, the roof and the partition walls are separated from the supporting structure to create a certain gap. This not only makes the roof of the building appear light and elegant, but also allows the mountain breeze of the valley to flow into the semi-open toilet, ensuring excellent natural ventilation and an unobstructed view of the scenery. To save funds, both the sink in the toilet and the waiting seats are cast on-site. The components of the toilet are made from local materials. The doors of the toilet stalls are made from the slender bamboo in the tea garden, which was originally used to support the crops. We cleaned the bamboo, carbonized it, and then reused it. The door frames are fixed with simple angle steel and deformed steel bars. The densely arranged slender bamboo casts beautiful light and shadow patterns under the sunlight, projecting a rustic and simple beauty of the countryside onto the toilet situated in the scenic area.

▼设计上将屋顶与隔墙依托结构脱开，the roof and the partition walls are separated from the supporting structure©直译建筑摄影

▼门取自茶园的细竹，The doors of the toilet stalls are made from the slender bamboo©直译建筑摄影

▼门取自茶园的细竹，The doors of the toilet stalls are made from the slender bamboo©直译建筑摄影

▼混凝土楼梯，concrete staircase©直译建筑摄影

▼混凝土楼梯，concrete staircase©直译建筑摄影

低语的山林美学

Whispering Aesthetics of the Mountain Forest

建筑朴素的黑灰二色回应秘境气质：亮黑钢构折射微光，深蓝岩瓦随天光流转变幻，素混凝土在雨雾中呈现温润的光色。夜幕降临时，黑色屋脊隐入山林，暖黄灯光从竹格栅间渗出，建筑多了一丝温暖。

A palette of black and gray echoes the valley’s mystique: matte steel frames catch subtle light, slate tiles shift hues with the sky, and rain-kissed concrete exudes warmth. At dusk, the roofline dissolves into the forest, while amber light filters through bamboo lattices, suffusing the structure with gentle radiance.

▼黑色屋脊隐入山林，the roofline dissolves into the forest©直译建筑摄影

▼暖黄灯光从竹格栅间渗出，while amber light filters through bamboo lattices©直译建筑摄影

这座山厕不止是功能载体，更是人与自然对话的媒介。它俯身大地，以最小的干预保证视线的开敞，并构建”看与被看”的哲学关系——当游人临风远眺，建筑自身亦成为风景中的风景，共同完成一场山林唱和。

This restroom transcends utility, becoming a medium for human-nature dialogue. It kneels into the earth, minimizing visual intrusion while framing a poetic interplay of “observer and observed.” As visitors gaze into the horizon, the architecture itself merges into the scenery, completing a silent symphony with the mountain wilderness.