那不勒斯中央商务区车站丨意大利那不勒斯

2004年，意大利那不勒斯市政府委托多位国际知名建筑师为其新建的地铁线路设计车站，其中包括诺曼·福斯特爵士（Sir Norman Foster）、马西米利亚诺·福克萨斯（Massimiliano Fuksas）、阿尔瓦罗·西扎（Álvaro Siza）、多米尼克·佩罗（Dominique Perrault）、卡里姆·拉希德（Karim Rashid）和贝内德塔·塔格里阿布（Benedetta Tagliabue）等。该项目的主旨为“三重A”：艺术（Art）、建筑（Architecture）与考古（Archaeology），旨在为原本同质化的城市环境赋予鲜明可识别的身份特征。

In 2004 the City of Naples commissioned several internationally renowned architects, such as Sir Norman Foster, Massimiliano Fuksas, Alvaro Siza, Domenique Perault, Karim Rashid and Benedetta Tagliabue to build a train station for the city’s new metropolitan line. Known as the triple A,” art, architecture and archaeology” is the leitmotiv of the project, the intervention aims to give a highly recognizable identity to the formerly homogeneous setting.

▼项目鸟瞰，aerial view of the site©Roland Halbe

在“那不勒斯中央商务区车站（Centro Direzionale di Napoli）”的设计中，Benedetta Tagliabue及其EMBT事务所试图在城市的天然火山地貌与上世纪70年代由丹下健三（Kenzo Tange）设计的人造场地之间建立新的联系。

With the design of this subway and train station ‘Centro Direzionale di Napoli’, Benedetta Tagliabue – EMBT generates new correlations between the city’s natural volcanic ground and the original 1970’s design of the artificial site by Kenzo Tange.

▼项目鸟瞰，aerial view of the site©Roland Halbe

这座新地铁站通过与城市的地下连接，将该区域原本平坦的人造地表转化为一个由多层步行空间构成的复杂地形结构，并以精妙的建筑构造和起伏的屋顶结构呈现。多样化的公共空间既承载着城市的历史与当下，也反映出当地居民在地理与文化上的动态流动。▼概念拼贴，concept collage©Benedetta Tagliabue – EMBT

The new station, with its underground link to the city, will transform the area’s artificial surface into a complex topography with many different levels for pedestrians and an outstanding building with an intricate tectonic roof structure. Diverse public space will allow a physical reception of the city’s present and past and charts the topographical movements and dynamics of the local population.

▼地铁站外观，exterior of the station©Roland Halbe

木材作为主要材料

Wood as main material

那不勒斯中央地铁车站坐落在由日本建筑师丹下健三设计的城市网格之上，是该市基础设施更新的一部分。丹下健三设计了整个中央商务区，并以其个人风格建造了一座城市，其中包括镜面摩天楼和上世纪70年代风格的广场。然而，这样的设计与那不勒斯其他区域风貌差异过大，导致广场使用效果不佳。

▼项目区位，site location©Benedetta Tagliabue – EMBT

The Naples Underground Central Station had been built on an urban grid designed by Japanese architect Kenzo Tange as part of an upgrade of the city’s infrastructure. Kenzo Tange designed the Centro Direzionale and built a city very much in his own style, with reflective skyscrapers, a 1970s piazza, which did not work because it is so different from the rest of Naples.

▼地铁站外观，exterior of the station©Roland Halbe

项目的一项关键决策是使用木材建造新车站，以有机的形式与周边的1970年代建筑形成鲜明对比。新车站的灵感来源于那不勒斯更为古老的城区。目前，该区域以办公与商业空间为主，但每到下午五点后便人烟稀少，治安问题凸显。因此，新建车站并接入地铁新线路的设计初衷之一，是将自然元素和那不勒斯历史城区的特色引入这片人造城市环境。新车站建在现有地铁线路之上，取代了原本仅为地铁入口楼梯加盖的小型建筑。

One of the decisions of the project was to build the station with wood to create an organic contrast with the 1970s neighbourhood. The design of the new station was inspired by older areas of Naples. Today, it is a place where there are many offices and commercial spaces, but at five o’clock in the afternoon, it is deserted making it an unsafe place. So, the idea of making a new station there and connecting it to the new metro line was also to try to introduce a piece of nature and a piece of the original part of Naples into this artificial part of the city. The new station is being built over the existing metro lines, replacing an earlier building that was little more than a cover for the stairs leading down to the metro platforms.

▼以胶合层压木为主要结构材料，made of glued laminated timber©Roland Halbe

木材作为轻质材料，能够很好地融入既有结构中。设计中保留了原有的混凝土结构与柱体，并在其中嵌入新的木柱。混凝土结构中的钢材部分用于作为新柱的基座，其余部分则完全由木材构成。这座面积达1万平方米的新车站以胶合层压木为主要结构材料，其波浪状拱顶的宽度与下方铁轨的宽度相呼应。

▼模型，model©Benedetta Tagliabue – EMBT

Wood is a very light material that blends perfectly with the pre-existing structures: we used the concrete structures and columns and inserted new wooden columns into them. The steel part of the concrete matches to make the base of the new columns, and then the rest of the column is entirely made of wood. The characteristic shape of the 10,000 sqm station is made of glued laminated timber. The width of the train tracks below is reflected in the width of the undulating vaults.

▼胶合层压木构成的波浪状拱顶，the undulating vaults made of glued laminated timber©Roland Halbe

拱顶是EMBT建筑事务所的标志性设计元素之一，这种结构形式适用于多种材料——历史上曾以石材和陶瓷建造，如今也非常适用于木材，尤其是可塑性极强的胶合层压木，可以根据需要塑造成任何形状。拱形天花也向传统火车站的经典元素致敬，而整个车站的造型则意在营造出“林间漫步”的感受。某种意义上说，我们试图打造一种新的、有机流动的城市广场空间，让人在人工化的商务中心中也仿佛置身于森林之中。▼剖面，section©Benedetta Tagliabue – EMBT

Vaults are a regular feature of the studio. It is an architectural device that works with most materials because historically, vaults were made first with stone and then with ceramic, and today it is effective with wood, especially glulam because it can be moulded into any shape you want beam to be. The vaulted ceilings are also a nod to classic train stations that are often vaulted, while the shape of the station was intended to create the feeling of a “walk in the woods”. In a way, what we tried to achieve is a kind of new organic, flowing piazza, as if we were walking through a forest when we are actually in such an artificial business centre.

▼拱形天花也向传统火车站的经典元素致敬，the vaulted ceilings are also a nod to classic train stations that are often vaulted©Roland Halbe

▼营造出“林间漫步”的感受，create the feeling of a “walk in the woods”©Roland Halbe

Centro Direzionale车站是那不勒斯新一轮地铁基础设施项目的一部分，其他站点由包括扎哈·哈迪德（Zaha Hadid）和卡里姆·拉希德在内的多位知名建筑师设计，皆围绕“AAA”（建筑、艺术与考古）这一核心理念展开。

The Centro Direzionale is one of the new metro stations within the new infrastructure projects in Naples designed by well-known architects and designers, such as Zaha Hadid or Karim Rashid, which are being designed for the city under the AAA (architecture, art and archaeology) motto.

▼有机流动的城市广场空间，new organic, flowing piazza©Roland Halbe

不过，整个地铁建设项目多次因地下考古发现而延误。例如由福克萨斯事务所设计的另一座车站，就因发掘出一座古罗马神庙，现已将其功能部分调整为博物馆。Centro Direzionale站由于位于城市较新的区域，未受到考古发掘的影响，但建设工作也曾因新冠疫情而中断。该车站天花板上将设有一件艺术作品，描绘的是一张来自庞贝古城出土考古文物中的人脸，以此呼应该项目“艺术与建筑”并重的主题。▼天花图案来自庞贝古城出土考古文物中的人脸，

ceiling depicting a face from an archaeological piece found in Pompeii©Benedetta Tagliabue – EMBT

However, the overall project has been delayed several times due to archaeological finds on the ground, including the design by Studio Fuksas which will now also serve as a museum after the discovery of an ancient Roman temple on the site. The Centro Direzionale station did not have the same problem, as it is located in a newer part of the city, but construction was halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic.The station will feature a piece of art on its ceiling depicting a face from an archaeological piece found in Pompeii, in a nod to both the art and architecture of the project’s motto.

▼站台空间，platform space©Roland Halbe

▼站台空间，platform space©Roland Halbe

▼车站夜景，station at night©Roland Halbe

▼场地屋顶平面，site roof plan©Benedetta Tagliabue – EMBT

▼场地整体布局，site general layout©Benedetta Tagliabue – EMBT

▼广场平面(1:200)，plaza plan©Benedetta Tagliabue – EMBT

▼广场平面(1:100)，plaza plan©Benedetta Tagliabue – EMBT

▼夹层平面(12100)，mezzanine plan©Benedetta Tagliabue – EMBT

▼夹层平面(1:100)，mezzanine plan©Benedetta Tagliabue – EMBT

▼站台平面(1:350)，dock plan©Benedetta Tagliabue – EMBT

▼站台平面，dock plan©Benedetta Tagliabue – EMBT

▼剖面，section©Benedetta Tagliabue – EMBT

▼细部，detail©Benedetta Tagliabue – EMBT

Architect: Benedetta Tagliabue – Miralles Tagliabue EMBT

Project Director: Joan Callís

Design Team Leader: Valentina Nicol Noris

EMBT Team: Eugenio Cirulli, Marco Orecchia, Gabriela Degetau, Sofia Barberena, Andrea Morandi, Alessandra Deidda, Cecilia Bertozzi, Mirko Silvestri, Joanna Karatzas, Gabriele Rotelli, Guile Amadeu, Lucien Puech, Valeria Alfonsi, Michela Cicuto, Francesca Martinelli, Guido Bigolin, Maira Carillo, Jan Kokol, Andrè Temporelli, Ludwig Godefroy, Shavleg Chichishvili, Gordon Tannhausen, Marco Orecchia, Giulia Viola, Federico Volpi, Teymour Benet, Luis Angello Coarite Asencio, Antonio Rusconi, Davide Mergoni, Francesco Rota, Gregorius Budhijanto, Juan Manuel Peña Sanz, Marco dal Fabbro, Marina Pérez Primo, Raphael Teixeira Libonati, Stefano Spotti, Andrea Morandi, Silvia Sonnati, Carlo Consalvo, Philip Lemanski, Marianna Mincarelli.

Structural Engineer: MC2, Julio Martínez Calzón.

Client: Metropolitana di Napoli

Budget: € 20,000.000,00

Date: 2005 – in progress

Site: Naples, Italy

Surface: 10.000 sqm

Photos: Paolo Fassoli Roland Halbe