Assessing Public Space Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: Tempe Study｜Design Workshop, Inc. – Aspen

项目陈述

PROJECT STATEMENT

越来越多的研究关注政策和偏见如何加剧公园供给的不平等，并造成持续性的影响。本研究提供了迄今最全面的地理差异分析，涵盖不同人群的影响范围，并进一步拓展研究视角，将公共健康、气候变化影响及城市运营纳入考量。本研究的一大创新在于衡量绿色空间的多重特质、娱乐设施的可及性及公共场所的使用情况，同时开发了一种评估工具，以深入理解文化包容性与安全感。通过多元化的方法，研究提升了社区成员的多样化视角，以推动政策变革并引导公平投资。该研究方法有望重塑公共空间规划与设计领域，为更具包容性和可持续性的城市发展提供科学依据。

A growing body of research examines the continued devastation of policies and bias facilitating inequities in park provision. This study provides the most comprehensive look at geographic-based disparities amidst diverse populations. It expands research to include public health and climate change implications and examination of city operations. One innovation is measuring complex qualities of green spaces, recreation offerings, and public gatherings: an assessment tool to understand cultural inclusion and a sense of safety. Multiple methods elevate diverse community member perceptions to drive changes in policies and target equitable investments. This methodology is poised to change the field of public space planning and design.

▲S.P.A.C.E.S. – 这项关于城市公园和休闲设施的研究通过开发创新的研究方法，识别了公平差距，这些方法不同于传统的公园规划方式，S.P.A.C.E.S. – This study of city parks and recreation identifies equity gaps developing innovative research methods, atypical of traditional parks planning © Design Workshop, Inc.

项目说明

PROJECT NARRATIVE

了解像Tempe这样快速发展且多元化的城市中排斥性做法的历史，为我们提供了一个视角，帮助我们理解在公共空间推动多样性、公平性和包容性（DEI）时所面临的挑战。种族和经济排斥的痕迹至今仍在城市中可见，并影响着人们的孤独感和归属感。S.P.A.C.E.S.公平性研究旨在为利益相关者提供识别不平等现象的方法，并通过工具来补充这些发现，为实现公正的未来提供行动指南。

研究方法

该研究采用创新的四步法，揭示趋势并帮助城市确定和优先投资最需要关注的领域。这项研究突破了现有的公园规划方法，传统上仅以总人口和地理服务区来衡量公园数量，而是通过量化安全感、气候庇护、韧性和文化代表性等创新指标，全面评估公共空间表现。

研究方法分为两个层次：1. 从公开来源收集的桌面数据分析；2. 由不同社区成员进行的非常规观察工具。这些工具对于了解不同生活经验如何影响人们对公共空间的感知和使用至关重要。

研究的初期阶段回顾了Tempe现有的规划和政策文件，分析了城市历史土地规划实践、气候韧性影响因素，并对同行城市的公平性报告和最佳实践进行了综合案例研究。第二阶段聚焦于基于第一层数据生成公平性分析框架，揭示了关于社会经济差距、环境影响数据、公园分布、状况和投资趋势的系统性不平等现象。第三阶段结合第二阶段的发现，通过社区参与活动进行验证，包括由社区导航员主导的公园评估、公园拦截调查、社区快闪活动、专题小组讨论及员工调查（第二层数据）。最终，这些数据为第四阶段提供支持，转化为具体的行动步骤，供城市与本地利益相关者合作实施。

意义

S.P.A.C.E.S.研究为全球各地评估公共空间和系统提供了一个可复制的公平性研究模型。这个双层方法通过利用数据和社区第一手故事或观察，填补了公园和休闲系统规划中的空白，更加精准地识别了服务不足群体的需求与愿望。所使用的工具数据驱动特点增强了决策者对资金优先级矩阵的信心，确保其有坚实的依据。研究提出的策略和行动步骤紧密结合社区的核心价值和关键问题。如果我们的行业继续面临特殊利益集团挑战DEI的价值，S.P.A.C.E.S.研究的严谨性和沟通将变得尤为重要，推动我们向公正的目标迈进。

▲公平性调查方法：该方法将定量分析与定性感知结合，通过包容性参与展开。研究结果将帮助确定投资优先领域，Equity Investigative Methodology: The process combines quantitative analyses with qualitative perceptions using inclusive engagement. The findings are used to prioritize investments © Design Workshop, Inc.

▲基础调查：系统排斥研究：Tempe的建市历史、发展政策及公园使用排斥现象，已对当前的空间分布和排除状况产生影响，Grounding Inquiry: System Exclusion Research: Tempe’s founding, historic development policies, and park use exclusions were found to have left traces on current distribution and preclusion © Design Workshop, Inc.; Arizona Memory Project, Rosamond Spicer; Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology; Gila River Indian Community Reservation; City of Tempe

▲基础调查：公平性案例研究评估。通过评估新兴的公平性报告，表明本研究为公共空间设计、运营和参与提供了一个全面的框架，Grounding Inquiry: Equity Case Study Review. Evaluation of emerging equity reports demonstrates this study provides a comprehensive framework for public space design, operations, and engagement. © Design Workshop, Inc.

▲从社区学习：包容性与公平性的感知。虽然之前的公园规划已广泛开展，但本研究通过定向方法，让未充分代表的群体表达了他们的需求与独特经历，Learning from the Community: Perceptions of Inclusion and Equity. Previous park plan involvement was broad. With this study’s targeted methods underrepresented voices expressed their needs and unique experiences © City of Tempe Parks and Recreation Department; Design Workshop, Inc.

▲从社区学习：用数据支撑故事。一个在线地图集让定性与创新定量数据的深入分析变得更易访问，能通过地理位置查看研究结果，Learning from the Community: Backing up Stories with Data. An online atlas makes rigorous analysis of qualitative and innovative quantitative data accessible for viewing findings by geography © Design Workshop, Inc.

▲研究发现：社会经济分布分析。通过整理22个社会经济数据集，揭示了城市中一些较为贫困、健康状况较差的区域，形成了公平性优先区，Research Findings: Understanding Socioeconomic Distribution. Compilation of 22 socio-economic datasets revealed areas in the city with poorer conditions or health outcomes, forming Equity Priority Zones © Design Workshop, Inc.

▲研究发现：评估环境风险。通过对城市热岛效应与树冠覆盖空缺的分析，进一步强调了公平性优先区在环境上较为脆弱，Research Findings: Assessing Environmental Risk. Analysis of urban heat and gaps in tree canopy coverage reinforce the notion that the Equity Zones are also environmentally susceptible © Design Workshop, Inc.

▲研究发现：条件与投资趋势。CIP投资曾聚焦于确保所有公园达到基准水平，而研究结果则重新引导资金加大对公平性优先区的投入，Research Findings: Conditions and Investment Trends. CIP investments were previously directed to get all parks to baseline. The study conclusions redirect to increase funding to Equity Zones © Design Workshop, Inc.

▲研究发现：分布与可达性差距。对住宅类型与公园可达步行范围的评估显示，30%的家庭无法接触到公园，其中大多数为多户住宅区，Research Findings: Gaps in Distribution and Access. Evaluating residence type against park distribution walksheds reveals 30% of households are without access, the majority are multifamily housing © Design Workshop, Inc.

▲研究发现：感知测量。为评估社区成员对场地的表现性观察，专门开发了多样性、公平性和包容性场地评估工具，Research Findings: Measuring Perceptions. The Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Site Assessment tool was uniquely developed to help measure performative observations by community members © Design Workshop, Inc.

▲研究发现：空间的DEI表现。通过332份场地审计和100次访谈评估，研究对四个DEI表现类别进行了深入分析，Research Findings: DEI Performance of Spaces. The results of the assessment with 332 completed site audits and 100 interviews relied on responses to four categories of DEI performance © Design Workshop, Inc.

▲研究发现：识别用户体验差距。对40个公共空间的激活、项目多样性、安全性、设施与可达性等方面的用户体验评分进行比较，Research Findings: Identifying Disparities in User Experience. User experience scores on activation, program diversity, safety, amenities and access were compared across performance for 40 public spaces © Design Workshop, Inc.

▲指导实施：公平优先排序工具。研究提供了一个优先排序工具，用于未来投资的优先选择，并衡量进展，以确保资源的公平分配，Guiding Implementation: A Tool for Equitable Prioritization. The study includes a prioritization tool for future investments and measuring progress to ensure equitable and effective distribution of resources © Design Workshop, Inc.

▲指导实施：S.P.A.C.E.S.行动框架。支持21个公园与休闲公平性目标的策略通过互动在线格式共享，方便访问，Guiding Implementation: S.P.A.C.E.S. Framework for Action. Strategies to support 21 parks and recreation equity goals are shared in an interactive online format for ease of access © Design Workshop, Inc.

▲指导实施：实用性与可转移性。该研究的方法和明确的结果沟通适用于Tempe市以外的公园和休闲服务中的公平性规划，Guiding Implementation: Usefulness and Transferability. The study’s methodology and clearly communicated outcomes have broad applicability for equity in park and recreation delivery beyond the City of Tempe © Design Workshop, Inc.

Project Narrative

Understanding the history of exclusionary practices in rapidly developed and diverse cities like Tempe gives perspective on the current challenges faced when working toward DEI in public spaces. Traces of ethnic and economic exclusion remain visible in the city today and have influenced feelings of solitude and lack of belonging. The purpose of the S.P.A.C.E.S. equity study is to provide stakeholders with methods for identifying where inequities persist and supplement those findings with tools that guide action for a just future.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The innovative four-step process designed to investigate such circumstances reveals trends that are then used to help cities secure and prioritize investment for highest-need areas. This study greatly improves current park planning that is limited to measuring parks per total population and geographic service areas. Instead, it provides inventive measures of public space performance including quantifying feelings of safety, climate sanctuary, resiliency, and cultural representation.

The primary research methods involved two tiers – 1. desktop data analysis collected from publicly accessible sources as well as 2. unconventional observational tools conducted by diverse community members. These tools are critical to getting a pulse on how different lived experiences inform the perceptions and use of public spaces.

The inquiry phase included a review of Tempe’s existing planning and policy documents, a review of the city’s historic land planning practices, local factors effecting climate resilience, and a synthesized case study analysis comparing equity reports for peer communities and best practices. The second phase focused on generating an equity analysis framework (based on tier 1 data), highlighting systemic inequities around socioeconomic disparity and environmental impact data, and park distribution, condition, and investment trends. The third phase paired with findings from the second phase involved a robust community engagement campaign comprised of community navigator-led park assessments, park intercept surveys, neighborhood pop-up events, topical focus groups, and staff surveys (tier 2 data). This ultimately informed the fourth research phase that translated the rigorous analysis process into actionable next steps for the City to undertake in partnership with local stakeholders.

SIGNIFICANCE

S.P.A.C.E.S. serves as a replicable equity study model that can be adapted and applied to evaluate systems as well as individual public spaces throughout the world. This two-tier method addresses a gap in park and recreation system planning by utilizing data and first-hand stories or observations to understand the specific needs and desires of underserved and minority populations. The data-driven nature of the tools deployed provide decision-makers confidence that the funding prioritization matrix has defensible grounding. The study’s recommendations for strategies and action steps are clearly linked to the community’s values and key issues. If our industry continues to experience special interest groups challenging the value of DEI, this study’s  rigor and communication will become increasingly critical for advancing towards justice.

Project Credits

Anna Laybourn, FAICP, Principal – Design Workshop, Inc.

Callie New, AICP, Project Management – Design Workshop, Inc.

Tarana Hafiz, Jennifer, Pintar, Leen Elharake, Planners/Designers

Jennifer Pintar, Planner – Design Workshop, Inc.

Leen Elharake, Planner, Design Workshop, Inc.

Erica Maxwell, Equity Analyst, AHA Alliance

Erin Kirkpatrick, City of Tempe, Community Services Manager

Mercedes Payne, City of Tempe, Community Services Manager for Recreation