African Flow幼儿园丨喀麦隆

African Flow幼儿园的设计源于在非洲发展全新教育方式的愿景。这一校舍由拿撒勒圣家传教修女会发起，位于喀麦隆首都雅温得附近的索阿（Soa）。其空间布局呈现为一个连续的生态系统体系——山地、草原、村庄与森林——让儿童与其根源和文化建立联系。

The design of the African Flow kindergarten stems from the desire to develop new educational methods in Africa. This school facility, initiated by the Missionary Daughters of the Holy Family of Nazareth and located in Soa, near Yaoundé, the capital of Cameroon, is organized as a continuous system of ecosystems—mountain, savanna, village, and forest—that connect children with their origins and culture.

▼幼儿园外观，exterior of the kindergarten©Adrià Goula

▼幼儿园中庭，courtyard of the kindergarten©Adrià Goula

在校园中，孩子们整天在不同空间中自由流动，在多样的环境中发展技能，并在不同层级的互动中与同伴和学校社群建立联系。

▼自由活动的中庭，courtyard for children to move freely©Urbanitree

In school, children move throughout the day through a fluid transition between different spaces, where they develop skills in varied contexts and interact with their peers and the school community across multiple scales of relationship.

▼孩子们整天在不同空间中自由流动，children move throughout the day through a fluid transition between different spaces©Adrià Goula

▼学校围绕中央庭院展开，the school is built around a central courtyard©Adrià Goula

▼学校围绕中央庭院展开，the school is built around a central courtyard©Adrià Goula

▼通过走廊连接，connected by a corridor©Adrià Goula

学校围绕一个中央庭院展开，内部空间被划分为四大生态系统，通过一条走廊相互连接。每个生态系统都包含一些易于孩子识别的元素，用于组织他们的日常学习生活：

山地：激发灵感与创造力的场所，设有一个小洞穴，孩子可以在其中独处、进行内省。

村庄：社交与交流空间，包括一个以抽象方式设计的礼拜堂，透光与穿孔墙体营造出静谧与集体反思的氛围。

草原：一处线性开放空间，可将孩子们围聚起来，仿佛围坐在“篝火”旁学习和交流，也可在地面和阶梯式坐凳上游戏。

森林：连接内外空间的过渡地带，有一个可攀爬的“积木式”树屋，旁边是真实的小型森林。

▼空间轴测图，space axonometric©Urbanitree

The school is built around a central courtyard, where the interior spaces—organized into four ecosystems—are connected by a corridor. Every ecosystem has components that the kids can recognize and that aid in organizing their everyday school activities:

Mountain: A place for inspiration and creation, featuring a grotto that enables children to isolate themselves and engage in introspective moments.

Village: A space for exchange and social interaction, including a chapel designed as an abstract environment where light and perforated walls encourage silence and communal reflection.

Savanna: A large linear area that facilitates grouping children in an educational format reminiscent of a “campfire,” allowing them to play on the floor and on stepped seating.

Forest: A transitional space between interior and exterior, featuring a constructed tree built similar to a Lego structure that can be inhabited, situated next to a small natural forest.

▼连接内外空间的过渡地带，atransitional space between interior and exterior©Adrià Goula

▼可攀爬的“积木式”树屋，a constructed tree built similar to a Lego structure that can be inhabited©Adrià Goula

▼线性开放空间，alarge linear area©Adrià Goula

▼激发灵感与创造力的场所，aplace for inspiration and creation©Adrià Goula

孩子们每日的活动与空间紧密相关，包括：与教师共聚的晨会、信息互换环节、在吊梯与攀架上的锻炼、在充满灵性氛围的空间中沉思、在中央庭院的游戏时间、分组探险、材料实验室中的动手操作，以及使用本地乐器的音乐课。

Throughout the day, the children participate in activities that respond to the spaces in with they are housed. These activities include the general assembly, where they convene with the teachers; stimulation through information bits; exercise using brachiation bars and ladders; reflection in a space that inspires spirituality; playtime in the central courtyard; exploration in small groups; experimentation in the materials laboratory; and music sessions using local instruments.

▼与教师共聚的晨会，the general assembly with teachers©Adrià Goula

▼充满灵性氛围的空间，a space that inspires spirituality©Adrià Goula

▼储物空间，locker room©Adrià Goula

▼休息玩耍的空间，space for rest and play©Adrià Goula

▼休息玩耍的空间，space for rest and play©Adrià Goula

学校的设计基于简洁的构造体系和原始几何图案，这些特征自然源于所选材料的使用方式。同时，场地原有的地势也使得建筑能够发展出第二层空间，初期将作为“非洲流”社区成员的住宅使用。

The design of the school is influenced by simple construction systems and primitive geometric patterns that naturally arise from the application of the chosen materials. Moreover, the site’s original topography has enabled the construction of a second level, which will initially function as the residence for the community responsible for African Flow.

▼设计基于简洁的构造体系和原始几何图案，design is influenced by simple construction systems and primitive geometric patterns©Adrià Goula

▼设计基于简洁的构造体系和原始几何图案，

design is influenced by simple construction systems and primitive geometric patterns©Adrià Goula

在地材料打造的创新建造方法

An Innovative Approach to Construction Utilizing Local Materials

在非洲建设一个由欧洲团队设计的项目，必须被视作一种互相学习的过程。本项目的目标是探索如何通过一个朴素的建筑实践，既能激发当地社区，又能传播新的建造技术，并在全球范围产生共鸣。在当代全球经济中，“进步”一词常被等同于工业化流程、系统与材料的广泛应用，这些往往旨在实现标准化结果。而本项目则意在通过设计和建造，不仅建成一座校园建筑，更是在喀麦隆重新发明建造过程。这包括使用低碳的本地材料、与供应商达成协议以促进当地销售、培训工匠、教育教师，并将项目本身作为一种社会教育实践，强化集体赋能。

Building a project in an African country that has been designed by a European team can only be approached as a process of mutual learning. The objective was to ascertain how a modest project could simultaneously inspire the local community, impart new construction techniques, and resonate on a global scale. In the contemporary global economy, the term “progress” frequently refers to the deployment of industrialized processes, systems, and materials that are designed to standardize results. In this instance, the objective was to not only design and construct a building but also to reinvent the construction process in Cameroon. This involved the use of low-carbon local materials, the establishment of agreements with suppliers to market their products locally, the training of workers, and the education of teachers to present the project as part of a social pedagogy that reinforces collective empowerment.

▼用当地材料建造，utilizing local materials©Adrià Goula

为了建设这座幼儿园，项目团队广泛调研本地制造商，这些企业通常将产品出口至欧洲或中国。最终，建筑主要采用当地高密度、抗白蚁的阿佐贝木（azobé）建造，由此前没有木结构经验的本地工人完成施工，从而形成了一套可复制的集体学习流程，有望在未来其他项目中推广，并助力非洲城市化过程中的低碳建造。

To construct African Flow, a comprehensive investigation was conducted to engage local manufacturers who typically export their products to Europe or China. Subsequently, the structure was constructed from azobé, a locally sourced, high-density wood that is distinguished by its termite resistance. The construction was accomplished by local laborers who lacked prior experience with wood, thereby fostering a collective learning process that can be replicated in future projects and promote low-emission construction in the context of rapid urbanization.

▼采用木材与夯土砖结合的方式建造，built using a combination of timber and rammed earth bricks©Adrià Goula

建筑外围墙体采用未烧结的夯土砖砌筑，不同图案的砖墙允许光线在内外之间穿透流动，使红土与建筑之间形成连续性。这些夯土砖由本地供应商使用最基础的技术制造而成。

The enclosures are made of rammed earth bricks (unfired) that employ various patterns, allowing light to filter between interior and exterior. Consequently, there is a continuity between the local reddish earth and the building that rests upon it. A local supplier of earth bricks was selected, using very basic manufacturing technology.

▼外围墙体采用夯土砖砌筑，the enclosures are made of rammed earth bricks ©Adrià Goula

▼夯土砖细部，the rammed earth bricks detail©Adrià Goula

室内空间则选用了伊罗科木（iroko）、沙比利木（sapele）、杜斯木（doussie）和木纹木（movingui）等本地木材。这些木材在国际上被归类为热带硬木，价格通常不菲，但在喀麦隆却是常见的建材。

▼结构轴测图，structure axonometric©Urbanitree

Inside, local woods such as iroko, sapele, doussie, and movingui are used. Internationally, these are classified as tropical hardwoods and are generally costly; however, they are frequently employed as building materials in Cameroon.

▼木材细部，timber detail©Adrià Goula

校园的水塔也被重新构思，不再采用传统混凝土结构，而是设计为一座空间性的木构建筑，并覆有光伏面板，以确保建筑在断电频繁的环境中能持续供电供水。

The water tower of the complex, which is typically built of concrete, was reimagined as a spatial wooden structure that is overlaid with a photovoltaic surface. This guarantees the building’s uninterrupted electricity and water supply in an environment characterized by frequent power outages.

▼木构水塔，wooden structure water tower©Adrià Goula

▼木构水塔细部，wooden structure water tower detail©Adrià Goula

最终呈现出的校园，不仅为社区居民所熟悉与认同，也在传统建筑形式的基础上进行了适应性转化。设计深度结合了本地材料与文化，以极其简明的几何语言与构造系统实现建造。未来，该园区将扩建为一所涵盖从幼儿园至中学的全学段教育综合体。

The outcome is a space that is easily identifiable by the community, constructed using ancestral architecture that has been adapted to the local environment. The design incorporates local materials and local culture, and it employs geometric patterns and construction systems that are remarkably straightforward. In the years ahead, the complex will expand to offer a complete educational cycle, spanning from kindergarten to secondary education.

▼夕阳下的校园，campus under sunset©Adrià Goula

▼场地平面，site plan©Urbanitree

▼一层平面，ground floor plan©Urbanitree

▼二层平面，first floor plan©Urbanitree

▼教室平面，classroom plan©Urbanitree

▼立面，elevation©Urbanitree

▼剖面，section©Urbanitree

Developer: Community of Nazareth

Architecture: Vicente Guallart and Daniel Ibáñez (Urbanitree)

Project Director: Elisabeth Fábregas

Collaborating Architects: Ali Basbous (BAD Architects), Daniel Fraile (Arquivio)

Patronage: Missionary Daughters of Nazareth

Contractor: GIC Ma’asapkeng

Carpenters: Alexandre Onguene, Tchawe Fabrice Ronelle, Germain Atanga

Site: Soa, Cameroon (Africa)

Year of Completion: 2024

Floor Area: 1,600 m²

Project Cost: USD 900,000

Photography: Adrià Goula

Communication: Pati Nunez Agency