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大理无量山飞鸟美术馆丨中国大理丨孔祥伟工作室

2025/08/22 17:34:05

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云南大理南涧县凤凰山地处无量山国家级自然保护区北麓，横亘于横断山脉与哀牢山系的交汇处，凤凰山2300米海拔，其峡谷地形与温暖气流共同编织出一条“生命走廊”。每年秋季，大量候鸟沿这条千年古道穿行，羽翼掠过森林上空，鸣声回荡山谷。自1999年起，南涧凤凰山持续25年开展候鸟环志研究，累计标记鸟类304种、6.7万余只，为东亚——澳大利西亚迁飞区留下珍贵的生态档案。

Nestled at the northern foothills of the Wuliang Mountain National Nature Reserve in Nanjian County, Dali, Yunnan, Phoenix Mountain stands at the confluence of the Hengduan Mountains and the Ailao Range. At an elevation of 2,300 meters, its canyon topography and warm air currents converge to weave a vital “avian corridor.” Each autumn, vast numbers of migratory birds traverse this ancient pathway, their wings sweeping over the forest canopy, their calls echoing through the valleys. Since 1999, Phoenix Mountain has been the site of continuous bird banding research for 25 years, resulting in the tagging of over 67,000 individuals from 304 species. This endeavor has created a precious ecological archive for the East Asian-Australasian Flyway.

▼晚霞与流云下的飞鸟美术馆，如画入画，The Flying bird Art Gallery under the evening glow and drifting clouds, like a painting within a painting © 孔祥伟

▼阳光下的飞鸟美术馆，The Flying bird Art Gallery bathed in sunlight © 直译建筑摄影

▼从茶园望向飞鸟美术馆，Looking at the Flying bird Art Gallery from the tea plantation © 直译建筑摄影

▼与群山相绕，享山鸟啼鸣，Surrounded by mountains, enjoying the songs of birds © 直译建筑摄影

▼面向山林面完全打开，留出观鸟视野，Fully opened toward the forested slopes, preserving unobstructed views for birdwatching © 直译建筑摄影

▼落在山林风谷的飞鸟美术馆，The Flying bird Art Gallery nestled in the valley of forested mountains © 直译建筑摄影

▼美术馆立于斜坡绿地之上，The Flying bird Art Gallery stands atop the sloping green landscape © 直译建筑摄影

凤凰山静卧于苍翠之间，1300亩的生态茶园如碧波起伏。如今，这片土地不仅延续着科学守护的使命，更以艺术之名，将候鸟的飞行轨迹凝固成永恒——茶园中散布的智能喂食装置、隐蔽观鸟台，与摄影爱好者架起的长焦镜头，编织出一场人与自然的无声对话。

Phoenix Mountain rests amidst verdant greenery, its 1300-mu (approx. 87 hectares) organic tea plantation undulating like emerald waves. Today, this land not only continues its mission of scientific stewardship but also, in the name of art, seeks to immortalize the flight paths of migratory birds. Scattered throughout the tea gardens, smart feeding stations, concealed bird-watching hides, and the long lenses of photography enthusiasts collectively weave a silent dialogue between humanity and nature.

▼将垂直交通外置，不遮挡视线同时保证通达，By placing vertical circulation on the exterior, sightlines remain unobstructed while accessibility is ensured © 直译建筑摄影

▼仰视美术馆，白色外立面与蓝天相得益彰，Looking up at the Flying bird Art Gallery, the white façade complements the blue sky perfectly © 直译建筑摄影

▼美术馆鸟瞰，Bird’s eye view © 直译建筑摄影

▼出挑的平台给出更大的空间与山林对话，The projecting platform creates a larger space that engages in dialogue with the surrounding mountains and forest © 直译建筑摄影

茶园同时也是文旅综合体，民宿区位于山谷上方围合式院落建筑群，在这里需要一个文旅综合体的精神场所，为候鸟迁徙影像作展的展馆建筑在期待中立项。项目选择在院落一隅一座没有启用的咖啡馆上加建建筑，恰巧该一层建筑基础较深，为加建预留了空间。设计团队以“轻介入”的理念，在原建筑之上加建轻盈的钢结构，拓展二层空间。整体上看，一座钢结构空中廊桥结合开敞的尖顶，如同候鸟舒展的羽翼，成为山谷中的一个艺术装置。

This tea plantation also functions as a cultural-tourism complex. The guesthouse area, composed of enclosed courtyard buildings perched above the valley, required a spiritual core – a gallery dedicated to exhibiting imagery of bird migration. The project was thus conceived to add a structure atop an unused, single-story café situated in a corner of the courtyard complex. Fortuitously, the existing café’s foundations possessed sufficient depth to accommodate the addition. Embracing a philosophy of “light-touch intervention,” the design team proposed a lightweight steel structure addition above the original building, creating a second level. Visually, the resulting form – an aerial steel bridge crowned by an open, pointed apex – evokes the outstretched wings of a bird in flight, transforming it into an artistic installation within the valley.

▼美术馆成为全然打开的地标，The Flying bird Art Gallery becomes a fully open landmark © 直译建筑摄影

▼夜幕降临，首层的咖啡馆开灯迎客，As night falls, the café on the ground floor lights up to welcome visitors. © 直译建筑摄影

▼美术馆夜景,建筑透出柔和的灯光，Night view of the Flying bird Art Gallery, with the building emitting soft, gentle light © 直译建筑摄影

▼暮色中，飞鸟美术馆亮起温暖的灯光，At dusk, the Flying bird Art Gallery is illuminated with warm lights © 直译建筑摄影

▼美术馆夜景,建筑透出柔和的灯光，Night view of the Flying bird Art Gallery, with the building emanating soft lighting © 直译建筑摄影

建筑作为一个开敞的微型美术馆使用，主要展出无量山迁徙候鸟的摄影作品。首层为咖啡馆，二层为加建部分主要的结构层，用通透的界面消弭室内外边界，将茶园景观与远山峡谷引入室内。摄影作品于片墙上展陈，静态影像与窗外偶然掠过的真实鸟群形成时空交错的观展体验。钢结构一路向上，撑起一片挑高深远的尖顶，形成标志性尖顶空间，如同一只展翅的巨鸟悬停山谷。尖顶面向山谷敞开，让观者浸入自然，也让自然进入空间。晴时白色建筑化身“光的漏斗”，雾天建筑成为山谷迷雾的弥散容器，建筑在虚实间转换，增添了一份柔性的诗意。

The structure serves as an open, micro-gallery primarily exhibiting photographic works of migratory birds traversing the Wuliang Mountains. The ground floor houses the café, while the upper level, the main structural component of the addition, utilizes transparent boundaries to dissolve the division between interior and exterior, drawing the vistas of the tea gardens and distant mountain valleys into the space. Photographs are displayed on freestanding walls, where the static images engage in a dialogue with the fleeting passage of real birds glimpsed through the windows, creating a temporally layered viewing experience. The steel structure ascends to support a soaring, deeply recessed pointed apex, forming a signature spatial volume reminiscent of a giant bird hovering within the valley. This apex opens dramatically towards the valley, immersing visitors in nature while inviting the natural world inward. Under clear skies, the white structure becomes a “funnel of light”; in misty conditions, it transforms into a vessel diffusing the valley’s fog. Thus, the architecture transcends the physical, imbued with a soft, poetic sensibility.

▼绿谷背景下的美术馆，The Flying bird Art Gallery against the backdrop of the green valley © 直译建筑摄影

▼美术馆隐逸在山谷中，The Flying bird Art Gallery is hidden in the valley © 直译建筑摄影

▼美术馆纯粹的尖塔空间，The Flying bird Art Gallery’s pure spire space © 直译建筑摄影

▼美术馆纳入自然，The Flying bird Art Gallery is integrated with nature © 直译建筑摄影

▼钢结构展览空间不为原结构带来承重压力，The steel-structured exhibition space does not impose any load on the original structure © 直译建筑摄影

▼出挑的平台在阳光下反射出只属于高原的淡蓝色，The prominent platform reflects a pale blue under the sunlight, a hue unique to the plateau © 直译建筑摄影

飞鸟美术馆作为茶园文旅综合体的核心文化设施，提升了整体项目的文化深度与吸引力，与观鸟台、生态茶园形成体验闭环。既作为一个功能性的文化建筑，也是山谷中的一个小小地标，通过对原有建筑基础的巧妙利用，追求极致通透性并与环境融合的设计手法，在有限场地内创造出一个既满足展览需求，又融入自然环境，提升场所精神的文化空间。飞鸟美术馆超越了具象的形式模仿，将候鸟迁徙的意象演化为空间流动性与光影变化的抽象表达，游览探索建筑的过程，建筑成为连接人与自然对话、生态保护、艺术展示与公众体验的独特媒介。

As the core cultural facility within the tea garden tourism complex, the Birds Gallery enhances the project’s cultural depth and appeal, forming a complete experiential loop alongside the bird-watching hides and the ecological tea plantation. It functions both as a utilitarian cultural building and as a modest landmark within the valley. Through the ingenious utilization of the existing foundation and a design approach prioritizing maximal transparency and environmental integration, a cultural space has been created within constrained site parameters that fulfills exhibition needs while harmonizing with the natural surroundings and elevating the spirit of the place. The Birds Gallery transcends literal formal imitation, elevating the imagery of bird migration into an abstract expression manifest through spatial fluidity and the play of light. The very act of navigating and exploring the building transforms it into a unique medium, connecting dialogue with nature, ecological conservation, artistic presentation, and public engagement.

▼北立面，north elevation © 孔祥伟工作室