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宝山垃圾焚烧发电中心丨中国上海

2025/09/05 10:18:23

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上海在可持续垃圾处理的基础设施方面迈出了重要一步。新落成的宝山垃圾焚烧发电中心由BAM设计，是一座以城市生活垃圾为燃料的电厂。该项目原址曾是高炉厂区，如今则在上海的减碳战略中承担着关键角色。通过产业转型与减少填埋，该设施每年可减少超过300万吨的碳排放。这一新中心在探索循环经济的同时，也展示了垃圾处理基础设施如何演变为可持续的城市地标。

Shanghai has taken a giant stride toward sustainable waste infrastructure with the newly unveiled Baoshan Waste-to-Energy Center, the city’s latest power plant fueled by household waste. Formerly the site of a blast furnace, the Center now plays a critical role in Shanghai’s carbon reduction strategy. By transitioning industries and diverting waste from landfills, the facility saves an estimated 3 million tons of carbon emissions annually. Designed by Ballistic Architecture Machine (BAM), the new Center attempts a significant step towards a circular economy, demonstrating how waste infrastructure might evolve into sustainable urban landmarks.

▼项目概览，project overview © Derryck Menere

▼宏伟的夜景，the magnificent night view © Derryck Menere

该综合体占地12.8万平方米，包含两项先进的垃圾处理技术：焚烧发电装置与厌氧消化系统。日处理能力分别为3000吨干垃圾与8000吨有机垃圾。尽管体量庞大，BAM设计团队却避免了现代工业建筑中常见的“装饰棚屋”模式，而是采用伪装与融合的设计策略，即建筑与景观相结合，并叠加包括“垃圾博物馆”和多样化休闲设施在内的公共功能。该策略将这座原本单一的工业设施，塑造为一处充满活力的教育科普目的地，也是一处建筑景观交汇的新型城市地标。▼场地原貌，original appearance of the site © BAM

This 128,000 sqm complex contains two advanced waste-processing technologies: an incineration unit generating electricity, and an anaerobic digestion system harvesting biogas. The capacity is staggering at 3,000 and 8,000 tons of dry and organic waste, respectively. Yet, in designing the colossal facility, BAM avoids the “decorated shed” paradigm common in modern industrial architecture. Instead, the design employs a camouflaging approach, combining architectural, landscape design, and public amenities including a Museum of Waste and an array of recreational facilities. What might have been a monolithic industrial site is instead a dynamic educational destination and a new type of urban landmark at the intersection of landscape and architecture.

▼新型城市地标，a new type of urban landmark © Derryck Menere

BAM设计团队将项目内更大范围的工业场地构想为一片城市公园，并将其“抬升”，以容纳各类建筑。建筑外壳则被设计为多孔的地质形态，其屋顶设有大面积开口以满足消防安全需求，这也使其整体并非完全封闭。从远处看，建筑呈现出山体般的巨大存在，而从内部观之，却更像是一层地质外壳。屋顶之上铺设了4公顷的绿色公园，既为公众提供休闲与教育场所，同时掩映着下方的工业功能。整体设计打破了传统工业建筑的单一性，模糊了建筑与景观之间的界限。

To begin, BAM envisions the larger industrial site as urban parkland, which is ‘lifted’ to integrate a set of buildings. BAM then develops the architectural envelope as a porous geological form. The roof includes large openings to satisfy fire safety requirements, resulting in a design that is not fully enclosed. With its permeable façade, from within the architecture appears more as a geological shell than a traditional building. This stands in stark contrast to the massive mountain-like presence the building presents from afar. A 4-hectare roof park further reinforces this integration, offering green space for recreation, education, and public interaction, while concealing the industrial functions beneath. Overall, the design rejects the conventions of the industrial typology by blurring the boundaries between architecture and landscape.

▼“抬升”场地，’lift’ the site © BAM

▼项目鸟瞰，project birdview © Beidouxing

▼山体般的建筑，Mountain like architecture © Derryck Menere

在游客入口广场，富有图案感的结构从工业立面中生长而出，形成一片“微型城市”，其中容纳了展览与休闲空间。参观者由此进入 “垃圾博物馆”，开启一段从自然历史到垃圾能源化的沉浸式体验之旅。

At the visitor’s entrance plaza, patterned structures playfully emerge from the veil of the industrial façade, forming the ‘mini-city’—a vibrant complex of exhibition and leisure spaces. Here, visitors’ journey to the Museum of Waste begins, an immersive experience that takes guests on a journey through natural history and the waste-to-energy (WTE) process.

▼立面概念模型，façade concept model © BAM

▼游客入口广场，the visitor’s entrance plaza © Derryck Menere

▼工业立面，the industrial façade © Derryck Menere

▼“微型城市”，the ‘mini-city’ © Derryck Menere

▼通透的建筑立面，transparent building facade © Derryck Menere

▼立面细部，the façade details © Derryck Menere

通过公众教育实现可持续发展

Sustainability through public education

“垃圾博物馆”以“垃圾的故事”为叙事主线，通过一系列主题化的沉浸环境向公众与学生群体展开教育。设计超越了传统的教育形式，使得参观者在其中仿佛穿越时空：邂逅恐龙、探索化石燃料的诞生、经历工业革命，以及塑料与半导体的发明。随着参观的推进，观众逐渐直面垃圾问题的巨大规模，同时也受到启发去思考自己在应对垃圾挑战中所承担的角色。

The Museum of Waste educates school groups and the general public through the ‘Story of Trash’, unfolding across a series of thematic, immersive environments. Moving beyond traditional educational formats, visitors travel through eras—encountering dinosaurs, exploring the birth of fossil fuels, the Industrial Revolution, and the inventions of plastics and semiconductors. As visitors progress through the exhibition, they gradually come face-to-face with the overwhelming scope of the waste problem, but also are inspired to contemplate their own role in addressing the waste challenge.

▼沉浸式的环境（概念图），the immersive environments(rendering) © BAM

继续参观之旅，垃圾能源化体验馆为参观者提供了近距离了解垃圾处理关键环节的机会，包括抓斗操作、控制室运行、焚烧、袋式除尘和涡轮机运作。在涡轮机房，一场电影式的沉浸体验演绎了“垃圾的故事”，鲜活呈现工厂内部的运转过程。参观的最后一站则是4公顷的屋顶绿色公园，通过屋顶峡谷般的开口，人们得以再次窥见下方运转的垃圾处理设施。

Continuing the journey, the WTE Experience Hall offers an up-close look at key stages of waste processing, including crane operations, control room functions, incineration, baghouse filtration, and turbine room operations. In the turbine room, a cinematic experience animates the ‘Story of Trash’ narrative, bringing the inner workings of the facility to life. The factory tour culminates with the 4-hectare green roof park, offering a final peek into the waste-processing machine through the canyon-like openings in the roof.

▼垃圾能源化体验之旅（概念图）， the WTE experience(rendering) © BAM

宝山垃圾焚烧发电中心通过整合垃圾焚烧发电与厌氧消化两大设施，在垃圾处理方面实现了一次创新性的飞跃。这种整合也使垃圾能够被高效处理，有机物被转化为沼气，用于多样化的应用，而非有机垃圾则通过焚烧产生电力。这种双重路径不仅提升了能源回收效率，还通过最大化资源利用与最小化废弃物，支持了循环经济的核心原则。虽然在现有可持续性标准下，将附加材料与资源整合（如维持屋顶公园）可能显得具有挑战，但BAM设计团队的愿景是将该项目定位为一种过渡性的“原型”。这是一个探索如何在城市核心区整合工业设施的实验性步骤，为未来绿色技术奠定基础，并助力上海实现2060年碳中和的长期目标。

The Baoshan Waste-to-Energy Center presents an innovative leap in waste management by integrating both waste-to-energy incineration and anaerobic digestion facilities. This combination allows for efficient processing of waste, where organic materials are converted into biogas for diverse applications, while non-organic waste is incinerated to generate electricity. This dual approach not only enhances energy recovery, but also supports the principles of a circular economy by maximizing resource utilization and minimizing waste. While the integration of additional materials and resources (such as sustaining a park on the roof) may be challenging when evaluated solely against current sustainability standards, BAM’s vision is to establish this project as a transitional prototype. It is an experimental step toward integrating industrial facilities within urban cores, laying the groundwork for future green technologies and contributing to Shanghai’s long-term goal of carbon neutrality by 2060.

▼碳中和的愿景，the vision of carbon neutrality © BAM

将安全且清洁的垃圾处理基础设施引入城市核心，是推动垃圾管理范式转变的关键。这需要重塑公众认知，以克服 “邻避效应” 所带来的社会抵触。最终目标是向循环经济转型，在这种模式下，垃圾能源化技术本身终将过时，而建筑则会转型为公共市民空间。在此意义上，宝山项目不仅是一座建筑，更是一座将垃圾转化为能源，并重塑公众对垃圾认知的城市地标。

Moving safe and clean waste infrastructure into the city core is key to furthering the paradigm shift in waste management. This requires reshaping public perceptions to overcome “Not-In-My-Backyard” (NIMBY) social resistance. The ultimate goal is the transition to a circular economy, where waste-to-energy technology itself eventually becomes obsolete and the building becomes a civic space. In this light, the Baoshan project is not just a building but an urban landmark transforming waste into energy and reshaping social perceptions of waste.