StructureTalks|昆山奥体中心钢屋盖结构设计

随着

2025

年江苏省城市足球联赛（苏超）的火热进行，昆山奥体中心作为赛事重要承办场地备受瞩目。这座位于昆山经济技术开发区东城大道东侧、景王路北侧的现代化专业足球场，最初为承办

2023

年亚洲杯足球赛而建，如今已成为江苏省足球发展的标杆场地。在苏超联赛如火如荼进行的当下，这座可容纳

4.5

万人的专业球场凭借其国际标准的场地设施和专业的赛事服务，为江苏省

业余

足球爱好者提供了高水平的竞技舞台，成为推动江苏群众性足球运动发展的重要平台之一。

With the intense progress of the 2025 Jiangsu Urban Football League (JSFL), Kunshan Football Stadium, as an important venue for the event, has attracted much attention. Located on the east side of Dongcheng Avenue and north side of Jingwang Road in Kunshan Economic and Technological Development Zone, this modern professional football stadium was initially built to host the 2023 AFC Asian Cup and has now become a benchmark venue for football development in Jiangsu Province. As the JSFL is in full swing, this professional stadium with a seating capacity of 45,000, relying on its international-standard venue facilities and professional event services, provides a high-level competitive stage for amateur football enthusiasts in Jiangsu Province, and has become one of the important platforms to promote the development of mass football in Jiangsu.

昆山奥体中心以中国传统折扇作为设计主题，以双墙为扇骨，在其间布置折膜作为扇面，通过不同质感材料的排列组合展现出强烈的秩序感和刚柔相济之美。建筑理念对结构设计提出了如下的设计要求：

- 轻盈、简洁和通透的屋盖结构；

- 双墙作为重要的建筑语言贯穿整个空间，结构体系需要完全符合并加强建筑的整体“双墙”轴线

- 双墙体系之间的透光带在立面上避免出现任何的横向构件

- 利用厚重的双墙体系来塑造混凝土大跨空间，形成倾斜和有张力的形体。

The design of Kunshan Professional Football Stadium is inspired by traditional Chinese folding fans. The double walls serve as the fan bones, with folded membranes arranged between them as the fan surfaces. Through the arrangement and combination of different texture materials, it shows a strong sense of order and the beauty of rigidity and flexibility. The architectural concept puts forward the following design requirements for the structural design.

- A lightweight, simple, and transparent roof structure;

- The double walls, as an important architectural language, run through the entire space, and the structural system needs to fully conform to and strengthen the overall "double wall" axis of the building;

- The presence of any transverse elements in the translucent zone between the double wall systems should be avoided;

- Use the thick 

double 

wall system to shape the concrete long-span space, forming an inclined and tense form.

结构体系选择

Structural System Selection

昆山奥体中心的设计工作起始于

2020

年初，此时距离原计划承办的

2023

年亚洲杯赛事仅剩不到四年时间。相对于其他建设项目，本项目的目的性明确，设计建造时间紧迫。在确保优秀的建筑外观效果和高品质建造质量的前提下，缩短建设工期成为本专业足球场大跨度屋盖结构设计选型的一个重要考量条件。优先考虑选用成熟高效的结构体系和国内建筑市场通用的建筑材料，以高效推进建设进程。

The design work for the Kunshan Olympic Sports Center began in early 2020, less than four years before the Asian Cup 2023, which was originally planned to be hosted. Compared to other construction projects, this project had a clear purpose and a tight design and construction schedule. Under the premise of ensuring excellent architectural appearance and high-quality construction, shortening the construction period has become an important consideration in the design selection of the large-span roof structure for this professional soccer stadium. Priority was given to mature and efficient structural systems and building materials that are common to the domestic construction market in order to efficiently advance the construction process.

30

米

-40

米左右，当跨度超过

40

米，柔性轮辐式体系的经济性逐渐逐渐凸显，且跨度越大优势越明显。这个结论是基于轮辐式体系的上下弦均为柔性的索结构得到的，而本项目为延续“双墙”元素，上弦杆应采用刚性构件。根据在其他采用刚性上弦轮辐式体系的设计经验和用钢量评估，对

4

万

-4.5

万座体量的专业足球场，这两种结构体系的经济性基本相当。

The mature and commonly used 

‘

spoke-wheel spatial cable structural system’ and ‘cantilever truss structural system’ in stadium architecture can both achieve the architectural effect of a "folding fan" and the two were compared during the scheme phase. Generally, the economic cantilever span of the cantilever truss structure is about 30-40 meters. When the span exceeds 40 meters, the economy of the flexible spoke-wheel system gradually becomes prominent, and the larger the span goes, the more obvious the advantage is. This conclusion is based on the fact that both the upper and lower chords of the spoked system are flexible cable structures, while in this project, rigid components should be used for the upper chords to continue the "double wall" element. According to design experience and steel consumption evaluation of other projects using rigid upper chord spoked systems, for professional football stadiums with a capacity of 40,000 to 45,000 seats, the economy of the two structural systems is basically equivalent.

图 - 

两种结构比选方案 / 

illustration

: two structural options

从建筑与结构的匹配度来看，为下部建筑结构立面重要的 “双墙” 外观设计语言，屋盖结构的径向单元需采用双刚性上弦的形式。然而，轮辐式体系是全张拉体系，单根弦杆即可满足受力要求，这本是其结构特点和优势，为契合双墙造型设置双上弦，反倒降低了结构效率，导致额外的用钢量。反观悬挑桁架结构，可采用双上弦杆、单下弦杆的空间桁架形式，既能顺应建筑外观，又能获得相当的抗弯和抗扭刚度，在结构与外观的适配性上展现出了优势。

From the point of view of the match between the architecture and the structure, the radial structural members of the roof structure need to be in the form of double chords for continuing the important “double wall” appearance design language. However, the spoked system is a full-tension system, and a single chord can meet the force requirements, which is originally its structural feature and advantage. Setting double upper chords to fit the double-wall shape instead reduces structural efficiency and leads to additional steel consumption. In contrast, the cantilever truss structure can adopt the form of a spacial truss with double upper chords and a single lower chord, which can not only conform to the architectural appearance but also obtain considerable bending and torsional stiffness, showing advantages in the adaptability between structure and appearance.

图

 - 

轮辐式空间索体系结构方案（双上弦）/

 illustration: 

spoke-wheel spatial cable structural system

 with 

double upper chords

经过方案阶段结构分析，悬挑桁架体系相对于双刚性上弦轮辐式体系具有更好的经济性。此外，桁架体系的结构材料采购、构件加工和现场施工周期更短，更有利于本项目的进度控制。综合权衡经济性、结构效率、结构与建筑的匹配程度、工期限制条件后，最终决定采用悬挑桁架体系作为昆山奥体中心的屋盖钢结构。

Following structural analysis in the scheme phase, the cantilever truss system demonstrates better economy compared to the double rigid upper-chord spoke-wheel system. Additionally, the truss system features shorter period in terms of structural materials procurement, component processing, and on-site construction cycles, which is more conducive to progress control for this project. After comprehensive consideration of economy, structural efficiency, the consistence between structure and architecture, and construction period, it was finally decided to adopt the cantilever truss system as the steel roof structure for Kunshan Olympic Sports Center.

图 

– 

安装阶段桁架整榀吊装 /

 il

lustration: lifting of the whole truss

结构外观发展

Structural 

Appearance Development

确立采用悬挑桁架结构体系之后，设计团队对桁架体系进行了深度分析与研究，旨在打造一个高效的、多专业功能集成的、彰显创新理念和现代美感的桁架结构。在桁架立面形态设计过程中形成了若干典型构型，下图展示的两种方案最具代表性：

方案一

利用三弦桁架的体型特点构造了一个功能性空腔，意图将体育场结构所需的马道结构、设备电缆桥架等完整布置于桁架所构造的出来的空腔内，灯光、音响设备布置于三弦桁架端头。由于功能空间尺寸的需要，方案一的体量感较强。

方案二

则以 “轻盈简洁” 为设计导向，根据悬挑结构的受力特点，通过桁架和箱梁的组合，将径向桁架的上下结构单元在内侧端部非常简洁地收为一点，此方案中，灯光设备设置在内圈环梁上。

图

 - 

两种悬挑桁架的比选（上：桁架方案一，下：桁架方案二）/

il

lustration: 

two schemes of cantilever truss structural system (upper fig.: scheme 1, lower fig.: scheme 2)

After determining the adoption of the cantilever truss structural system, the design team conducted further analysis and research on the truss system, aiming to create an efficient, multi-professional functional integrated truss structure that demonstrates innovative concepts and modern aesthetic appeal. During the design process of the truss elevation morphology, several typical configurations were formed, and the two schemes shown in the following figure are the most representative.

Scheme 1

 utilizes the shape characteristics of a three-chord truss to construct a functional cavity, intending to fully arrange the catwalk structure, equipment cable trays, etc., required by the stadium structure within the cavity formed by the truss. Lighting and audio equipment are arranged at the ends of the three-chord truss. Due to the need for functional space dimensions, Scheme 1 has a strong sense of volume.

Scheme 2

 takes "lightness and simplicity" as the design orientation. According to the force characteristics of the cantilever structure, through the combination of trusses and box girders, the upper and lower structural units of the radial truss are concisely converged into a single point at the inner end. In this scheme, lighting equipment is set on the inner ring beam.

综合参建各方的意见反馈后，最终选定端部收进至单点的桁架方案二作为屋盖径向单元的结构形式。以此作为基础，对桁架进行了形体和结构的进一步协同优化。

Considering the feedback from all participating parties, Scheme 2 of the truss with the end converging to one point was finally selected as the structural form of the roof radial member. Taking this as the basis, further collaborative optimization of the shape and structure of the truss was carried out.

图

 - 

桁架方案二的进一步发展 / 

il

lustration: further development of 

scheme 2 

桁架形体的塑造与高效的结构受力应是相辅相成的。经过多轮发展，最终在结构端部将桁架的双上弦杆合并为单悬挑箱梁。此举优化了径向单元在平面的外观形体，消除了端部过多构件引起的视觉杂乱感，得到了更为简洁的视觉观感。此外，这个做法解决了在屋盖的四个角部采用双上弦所导致的端部杆件密集问题，改善了屋盖内圈角部的通透性。

The shaping of the truss form and efficient structural force-bearing should complement each other. After multiple rounds of development, the double upper chord members of the truss were finally merged into a single cantilever box girder at the structural end. This measure optimizes the appearance of the radial unit in the plane, eliminates the visual clutter caused by excessive components at the end, and achieves a more lightweight and concise visual perception. In addition, this approach solves the problem of dense end members caused by the use of double upper chords at the four corners of the roof, improving the 

transparency 

of the inner corner of the roof.

图 – 屋盖内圈角部结构布置

/ 

il

lustration:

structure of the corner of the 

inner roo

f

根据力学原理，悬挑桁架的外侧锚固跨需要具备足够的抗弯刚度。同时，从外观效果的角度，原则上不应露出单根的桁架杆件而应展示一种面状外观。所以在第二轮优化方案的基础上，将屋盖悬挑部分的斜腹杆和下弦杆采用膜材包裹起来形成三棱锥状的悬挑跨，并将锚固跨设计成实腹式，在提高结构刚度的同时，外露的钢结构既已提供了与悬挑段统一的面状外观效果。由此形成了最终的屋盖桁架方案。

According to mechanical principles, the outer anchorage span of the cantilever truss needs to serve sufficient bending stiffness. Meanwhile, from the perspective of appearance effects, single truss members should not be seen, but a planar appearance should be displayed. Therefore, based on the second-round optimization scheme, the diagonal web members and lower chord members of the roof cantilever part are wrapped with membrane materials to form a triangular pyramid-shaped cantilever span, and the anchorage span is designed as a tapered beam-section. While improving the structural stiffness, the exposed steel structure provides a unified planar appearance effect with the cantilever section, thus forming the final roof truss scheme.

图

 - 

径向桁架结构 / 

il

lustration: 

radical truss structure

整体结构形成

Overall Structure Composition

36

榀几何尺寸完全相同的三弦桁架沿着足球场环向呈放射状布置，构成了屋面结构的 “扇骨” 。在各桁架之间则采用折面索膜结构覆盖，以呼应折扇主题中 “扇面

” 

的轻柔意象。受此限制，无法直接拉结相邻三弦桁架形成屋盖整体平面内刚度，反而需要考虑索膜结构在张拉和单侧受荷的情况下对桁架结构产生的不利作用。

Thirty-six three-chord trusses with identical geometric dimensions are radially arranged along the circumference of the football field, forming the "fan bones" of the roof structure. Between each truss, folded cable-membrane structures are used for coverage, echoing the gentle imagery of the "fan surface" in the folding fan theme. Restricted by this design, adjacent three-chord trusses cannot be directly connected to form in-plane stiffness for the entire roof. Instead, the adverse effects of the cable-membrane structure on the truss during tensioning and unilateral loading must be considered.

图 

– 

径向桁架布置 

/ 

il

lustration: 

radical truss 

基于上述结构特征，在桁架受压点布置了抗侧刚度较好的人字柱，其与和外侧的混凝土悬臂框架柱一起构成了径向桁架单元与看台混凝土结构的连接，进一步在三弦桁架的内侧端部（桁架转变为箱梁处）结合灯光和马道需求设置了一道刚度较大的环梁。如此，

36

榀可独立受力的桁架被连系起来形成平面框架，完善了结构的空间整体性。

Based on the above structural characteristics, A-columns with good lateral stiffness are arranged at the compression points of the trusses. Together with the outer concrete cantilever frame columns, they form the connection between the radial truss units and the grandstand concrete structure. Further, at the inner end of the three-chord trusses (where the truss transitions to a box girder), a ring beam with high stiffness is set up to meet the requirements of lighting and catwalk systems. In this way, the 36 independently load-bearing trusses are connected to form a planar frame, improving the spatial integrity of the structure.

图 – 桁架结构单元 

/ 

il

lustration: 

truss structure

区别于传统桁架体系体育场的金属屋面外表皮，昆山奥体中心在桁架间创新地采用了柔性的索膜结构，半透明的膜结构可以让足球场内部光线充足，同时也更好地满足了建筑“折扇”的设计意图。索支承的

 PTFE 

玻璃纤维膜结构为全柔性结构。膜结构的承重索张拉在两榀桁架的上弦杆、内环梁、外联系梁之间，形成膜结构的边缘构件。在边缘构件之间张拉膜材形成半透光的屋面。索膜结构的谷索和背索在交汇点需要受到向下的约束，该点也是膜面的下凹最低点。在此处将下拉杆和排水构造结合，最终形成了屋面膜结构下的排水柱。

Unlike the metal roof system of traditional stadiums, Kunshan Olympic Sports Center innovatively adopts a flexible cable-membrane structure between trusses. The translucent membrane structure can bring adequate light to the interior of the football field, while better meeting the design intention of the building as a "folding fan". The cable-supported PTFE glass fiber membrane structure is a fully flexible structure. The load-bearing cables of the membrane structure are tensioned between the upper chord members of two trusses, the inner ring beam, and the outer connecting beam to form the edge members of the membrane structure. The membrane material is tensioned between the edge members to form a semi-transparent roof. The intersection points of valley cables and back cables need downward constraints for balance, which are also the lowest concave points of the membrane surface. Here, the tension rod and drainage system are combined to form the final drainage columns.

图 – 膜结构单元 

/ 

il

lustration: membrane structure

小结 

Summary

昆山奥体中心的屋盖结构设计从内及外充分体现了整体建筑设计意图中的中国“折扇”元素：轻盈现代的屋面三弦桁架以及强有力的混凝土双墙体系构成整个体系中的“扇骨”；其间全张拉柔性的索膜体系形成了洁白的“扇面”。屋盖结构的发展过程，是建筑外观和结构性能之间匹配融合的过程。

The roof structure design of Kunshan Olympic Sports Center fully embodies the Chinese "folding fan" element in the overall architectural design concept from the inside out: the lightweight and modern three-chord truss of the roof and the strong concrete double-wall system constitute the "fan bones" of the entire system; the fully tensioned flexible cable-membrane system in between forms the white "fan surface". The development process of the roof structure is a process of matching and integrating between architectural appearance and structural performance.

座位数：

45000

业主：

昆山卓越体育文化发展有限公司

建筑设计：gmp

合作设计单位：同济大学建筑设计研究院（集团）有限公司

结构设计：sbp 施莱希工程设计咨询有限公司

图片来源：

seats 

45,000

client 

Kunshan Zhuoyue Sports Culture Development Co., Ltd.

architect: gmp

collaboration:

Tongji Architectural Design (group) Co.,Ltd

structural design: schlaich bergermann partner, sbp

picture resources: 

schlaich bergermann partner, sbp