丨阿尔巴尼亚地拉那丨MVRDV

MVRDV赢得了地拉那新阿斯兰·鲁西体育宫的设计竞赛。该综合体为一座多功能建筑，包含一个可容纳6000人的篮球和排球竞技场、住宅公寓、酒店以及底层商业空间。MVRDV的方案以直径超过100米的球形体量呈现，将这些功能结合在一个宏伟的体育场空间中，使体育与社区在一个整体环境中相互交融。该方案被命名为“The Grand Ballroom（大舞厅）”，将成为地拉那独特建筑群中的又一新作，也将成为市民聚集的新地标。

MVRDV has won the competition for the new Asllan Rusi sports palace in Tirana, a mixed-use complex that includes a 6,000-seat arena for basketball and volleyball as well as residential apartments, a hotel, and ground-level retail. Taking the form of a sphere over 100 metres in diameter, MVRDV’s proposal combines these functions into a monumental stadium space that blends sport and community into a cohesive environment. Named The Grand Ballroom, the proposal will become a new addition to the city’s collection of distinctive architectural projects, and a singular destination for the people of the city to gather together.

▼鸟瞰渲染，aerial view rendering© MVRDV

▼街景渲染，street view rendering© MVRDV

竞赛方案由一个联合体完成，成员包括 Trema Tech shpk、Likado BV、Albanian Capital Group shpk 和 BCN Investments BV。设计的显著特征是其球体造型，但这一形态不仅仅是为了在连接机场与市中心的道路旁创造一个标志性结构。通过将酒店和住宅功能叠加在竞技场之上，设计在相对紧凑的场地中容纳了大量功能。建筑的圆形外形避免了出现“背面立面”，使其与周边社区在各个方向都保持互动。建筑底部向内收缩，创造出更大的公共广场和户外运动空间，可供当地儿童使用；而顶部的收分则形成了供住户使用的露台。▼爆炸轴测图，exploded axonometric© MVRDV

The competition entry was produced with a consortium comprising Trema Tech shpk, Likado BV, Albanian Capital Group shpk, and BCN Investments BV. The design’s distinctive feature, its spherical shape, accomplishes much more than simply creating an iconic structure alongside the road connecting the airport to the city centre. By stacking the hotel and residential functions on top of the arena itself, the design accommodates a significant amount of programme on a relatively small site. By making the building rounded, it avoids creating any “rear” façades that neglect the surrounding neighbourhood. By tapering inwards towards the building’s base, it creates more space for public plazas and outdoor sports facilities that can be used by local children. And by tapering inward at the top, it creates terraces for the building’s residents.

▼夜景渲染图，night rendering© MVRDV

建筑功能呈层状分布。当球体与地面相接时，形成一个下沉式底层空间，带有通向下方的台阶和看台，环绕着一圈商业店铺、咖啡馆和配套设施，为竞技场活动提供支持。其上层即为竞技场主体，可通过地面层的短桥进入，主场地两侧隐藏着两个训练场。酒店位于其上的两层，通过这一布局，酒店拥有独特优势——下层客房的窗户可直接观看比赛，上层公共区域则悬挑于看台上方，形成竞技场天花板上的一处天窗（oculus）。

▼设计生成，concept generation© MVRDV

The building’s functions are arranged in layers. Where the sphere meets the ground, it imprints the earth, creating a lower-ground floor with steps and tribunes leading downwards to a ring of retail spaces, cafés, and amenities that supports the arena’s events. Above this is the arena itself, accessed by short bridges at ground level, with the main venue flanked by two additional training courts hidden beneath the stands. The hotel occupies two floors above this. With this gesture, the hotel is given a unique feature, allowing the guests to see the matches from the windows of rooms on the lower level of the hotel, and from the amenity spaces on the upper level, which cantilever over the stands to create an oculus in the arena ceiling.

▼下沉式底层空间渲染，lower-ground floor space rendering© MVRDV

该天窗可通过厚玻璃封闭，形成隔音屏障，同时保持上下空间的视觉联系。在此之上，公寓被安置在球体的双层壳结构中，内部形成一个巨大的半开放穹顶空间——几乎是竞技场碗形空间的镜像。这个空间成为居民的庭院花园，种有成熟树木和休憩家具。在若干处，球体的外壳被开出三至四层高的矩形洞口，用于自然通风，并为居民创造额外的主题公共绿地。

▼结构生成，structure generation© MVRDV

The oculus could be closed with a thick layer of glass to form a soundproof barrier while maintaining a visual connection between the upper and lower volumes. Above this level, apartments are contained within the sphere’s double-shell structure, forming a colossal semi- outdoor domed space on the interior – almost a mirror of the bowl-shaped arena. This space becomes a courtyard garden for residents, with mature trees and furniture for relaxing. In a number of places, the dome of apartments gives way to three- and four-storey rectangular holes punched through the building’s shell, allowing natural ventilation and creating additional communal green spaces for residences, each with its own theme.

▼穹顶天窗，dome skylight© MVRDV

球体外壳中的公寓包括面向外部的单面单元以及部分双面通透单元，既可欣赏城市景观，也能看到内部穹顶庭院，甚至透过天窗一瞥竞技场。随着球体顶部收分，形成了大型住户露台。公寓的外墙向内退进壳体内部，使得上层楼板可为其提供遮阳，同时强化了露台的宽敞感。穹顶最上层主要布置复式顶层公寓，每户均设有私人屋顶露台；而上层环带的四分之一部分则为双层高酒店空中酒吧，俯瞰整个城市。第二个天窗可开启通风或封闭成玻璃穹顶，使球体结构完整。

The apartments in the sphere’s shell comprise a mixture of outward-facing units and a portion of dual aspect units, which offer spectacular views not only of the city but also of the interior dome, courtyard garden, and a glimpse into the arena through the oculus. As the sphere tapers in at the top, large terraces are created for residents. The external walls of the apartments are set back within the sphere’s shell, ensuring that the apartment interiors are shaded from the sun by the floor above, while accentuating the size of these terraces. The very top of the dome mostly hosts duplex penthouses, each with access to a private rooftop terrace, while one quarter of this upper ring hosts a double-height hotel skybar, with views over the city. A second oculus, that can be closed with glass and opened for ventilation, completes the sphere.

▼室内球场，interior stadium© MVRDV

▼夜景渲染，night view rendering© MVRDV

MVRDV创始合伙人Winy Maas评论道：“‘大舞厅’将成为一座灯塔，激励人们参与运动、观看比赛。一个玩耍、相遇与庆祝的场所！我们该如何表达这一点呢？球形的形态既呼应了众多运动中使用的圆球，也让人联想到启蒙时代的纪念性建筑——从布勒为牛顿设计的‘纪念碑’到巴克敏斯特·富勒象征科技乐观主义的‘网格穹顶’。一座坐落在地拉那中心的巨大球体，同样可以成为一座体育与社区的‘神殿’。通过连接不同功能，它让建筑内的每个人都成为活动的一部分；通过提供配备运动设施的公共空间，它融入周边社区；通过作为地标存在，它吸引全城乃至更远的人们前来聚集与庆祝。它延续了地拉那不断壮大的新建筑收藏。”

“The Grand Ballroom will become a beacon, aiming to inspire and encourage people to play and to watch sport. A place to play, meet, and celebrate! How can we express that?” comments MVRDV founding partner Winy Maas. “The spherical shape is a reference to the round ball used by so many sports. Yet it also recalls enlightenment temples, from Étienne-Louis Boullée’s Cenotaph for Newton to Buckminster Fuller’s tribute to technological optimism, the geodesic dome. A great sphere in the heart of Tirana can similarly become a temple to sport and community. By connecting the different functions, it invites everyone in the building to be part of the action. By providing public spaces complete with sports facilities, it becomes a part of its neighbourhood. By serving as a landmark, it draws people from all over the city and beyond to gather together and celebrate. It thus continues the growing Tirana Collection of new buildings.”

▼地下一层流线分析，Circulation level B1© MVRDV

▼一层流线分析，Circulation level ground floor© MVRDV

▼未来交通流线，Traffic flow future© MVRDV

▼当前交通流线，Traffic flow present© MVRDV

▼地下一层零售平面，B1 Retail© MVRDV

▼一层球场入口平面，GF Arena entrance© MVRDV

▼二层比赛场地平面，L2 Concours© MVRDV

▼三层VIP包厢平面，L3 VIP© MVRDV

▼四层酒店房间平面，L4 Hotel rooms© MVRDV

▼五层酒店设施平面，L5 Hotel amenities© MVRDV

▼六层居住庭院平面，L6 Residential courtyard© MVRDV

▼十三层居住平面，L13 Residential© MVRDV

▼十四层设施及顶层平面，L14 Hotel Amenities + Penthouses© MVRDV

▼屋顶平面，top view© MVRDV

▼剖面，section© MVRDV

Project Name: The Grand Ballroom

Location: Tirana, Albania

Year: 2025 –

Client: Trema Tech shpk., Likado BV, Albanian Capital Group shpk, BCN Investments BV

Size and Programme: 90,200 m2 sports arena and associated facilities, housing, hotel, retail, parking

Architect: MVRDV

Founding Partner in charge: Winy Maas

Partner: Bertrand Schippan

Design Team: Stavros Gargaretas, Catherine Drieux, Piotr Janus, Americo Iannazzone, Angel Sanchez Navarro, Ana Melgarejo Lopez, Sylvain Totaro, Lola Elisa Cauneac, Miguel del Campo Grijalbo, Stanisław Rochala

Strategy and Development: Maria Stamati

Visualization: Antonio Luca Coco, Angelo La Delfa, Luana La Martina, Jaroslaw Jeda, Stefano Fiaschi, Ciprian Buzdugan

Co-architect: UDV

Artist: Hellidon Xhixha

Structural Engineer / Cost Estimator: DERBI-E

Consultant: Ramboll