莱顿大学报告厅,荷兰丨荷兰莱顿丨Civic Architects

荷兰第一所大学于1575年在莱顿成立。该校凭借其历史建筑，早已成为这座历史城区中耳熟能详的存在。鲜为人知的是，大学的“Gorlaeus”教学楼群建成于20世纪下半叶，标志着城市中心之外一处现代知识型校园的兴起——即今日的莱顿生物科学园区。Gorlaeus报告厅建筑——亦被称为“The Saucer（飞碟）”——如今已被改造并更新为一座高能效的教学与会议中心，内部设有学习与工作空间、一座可容纳400人的餐厅，以及四间可容纳250至700人的阶梯教室。Civic同时承担了建筑设计与室内设计工作，其设计灵感源自原建筑设计团队 Drexhage、Sterkenburg、Bodon & Venstra（DSBV）所塑造的鲜明现代主义风格。

The first university in the Netherlands was founded in Leiden in 1575. The institute is a familiar sight in the historic city centre with its historic buildings. Less well known is the fact that the university’s “Gorlaeus” buildings were constructed in the second half of the 20th century, marking the development of a modern knowledge campus outside the city centre: today’s Leiden Bio Science Park. The Gorlaeus lecture hall building—also known as “The Saucer”—has now been adapted and renovated into an energy-efficient education and meeting centre with work and study spaces, a restaurant for 400 people, and four lecture rooms with 250 to 700 seats. Civic provided both the architectural and interior design services, drawing inspiration from the striking modernism of the original architects, Drexhage, Sterkenburg, Bodon & Venstra (DSBV).

▼外观概览，Exterior overview © Stijn Bollaert

夸张的现代主义

Extravagant modernism

Gorlaeus建筑呈现出典型的现代主义大学建筑特征，例如抬高的主层标高与通透的玻璃立面。然而，它通过富有表现力的结构美学与夸张的细部处理，超越了这一风格通常所带来的通用性与冷峻感。这种被称为“超功能主义（hyperfunctionalism）”的设计理念，成为此次更新改造的起点。在这一蜕变过程中，“功能性”的概念被重新纳入当代语境：不再强调建筑的自足性，而是更关注其与环境、气候以及使用者之间的连接。

▼建筑总体示意图，Overall building diagram © Civic Architects

The Gorlaeus building displays the typical characteristics of a modernist university building, such as the elevated main level and glass façades. However, it transcends the generic and austere appearance usually associated with this style through distinctive structural aesthetics and exaggerated detailing. This idea of “hyperfunctionalism” was reinterpreted as the starting point for the recent transformation. In this metamorphosis, the concept of “functionality” has been updated to contemporary discourse: a functionalism which is less about autonomy and more about connection—with the environment, the climate, and the users.

▼外观近景，Exterior close view © Stijn Bollaert

让建筑落地于生物科学园区

Landing the building on the Bio Science Park

原本作为入口的附属体量被拆除，使建筑重新融入其周边环境，并确保与邻近设施的顺畅衔接。曾经位于抬高楼层、与校园日常生活保持距离的公共功能空间，如今通过一座全新的楼梯直接与地面相连。这一楼梯标志着从校园广场中央轴线进入建筑的新主入口，清晰可见，向所有使用者开放。远观之下，楼梯在尺度上呼应了原有混凝土结构的夸张体量；近看时，小粒径卵石与精细的铣削纹理赋予其更为可感的质地。这座宽阔的楼梯同时也是学生的户外交流空间，可俯瞰更新后的校园广场与公园景观。楼梯上部的平台连接至一条环形走廊，从两个方向通往各报告厅，并提供面向校园的开阔视野。其中一侧通向一座全景餐厅，内部整合了工作、会议与学习空间，同时亦可作为演示、会议及典礼活动的场所。

▼建造过程，Under construction  © Stijn Bollaert

The annex that originally formed the entrance has been demolished to set the building free in its surroundings and ensure access to nearby facilities. The public functions on the elevated floors, once distanced from campus life, are now directly connected to the ground through a new staircase. This marks the new main entrance from the central axis of the campus square, clearly visible and accessible to all users. From afar, the staircase echoes the exaggerated scale of the existing concrete structure. Up close, the small pebbles and refined milling pattern lend it a more tangible quality. The wide staircase also serves as an outdoor meeting place for students, with views over the renewed campus square and park. The upper landing connects to a corridor ring that provides access to the lecture halls from two directions and offers views over the campus. On one side it leads to a panoramic restaurant with work, meeting, and study areas, which also functions as a space for presentations, conferences, and ceremonies.

▼楼梯与玻璃立面，Staircase and glass facade © Stijn Bollaert

▼楼梯背面，Back of the staircase © Stijn Bollaert

立面朝向的反转

Reversing the façade orientation

另一项关键介入在于，将原本用于维护的外廊改造为具有新形式的功能性阳台环带。原先立面向上倾斜的角度曾赋予建筑一种防御性的外观，如今这一角度被镜像翻转向下，以强化建筑与周边环境之间的视觉联系。行人不再只看到天空在玻璃上的倒影，也能看到校园本身，而新的倾角亦使室内空间更易被感知。环形立面进一步强化了建筑的标志性形象，使其得以庄重地延续“The Saucer”这一昵称。

▼历史照片，Historic interior photo © Stijn Bollaert

Another key intervention is the transformation of the maintenance walkways into a functional ring of balconies with a new form. The upwards-tilted façade angle, which once gave the building its defensive appearance, has been mirrored downwards to strengthen the visual relationship between the building and its surroundings. Passers-by now see not only the sky reflected in the glass but also the campus itself, and the new angle allows easier views inside. The circular façade reinforces the building’s iconic character, allowing it to retain its nickname with dignity.

▼室内空间，Interior overview © Stijn Bollaert

气候适应型冬季花园

Climate-adaptive winter gardens

DSBV原始立面设计在整体上呈现出统一的外观，但实际上，每一段立面都对环境条件与日照做出了不同回应。这一早期的气候适应性思路，启发了此次对立面的节能型保护更新。原有采用单层玻璃的钢制窗框，被一圈具备热缓冲功能的温室空间——亦即冬季花园——所取代。环带中的不同主段根据朝向及昼夜、季节节律进行差异化设计。在南侧与东侧，被动受热、主动通风的冬季花园提供了额外的功能空间，包括俯瞰校园广场的座椅边界，以及与餐厅相连的一系列长椅。使用者可在此饮用咖啡、交流社交，或在课前课后使用笔记本电脑。北侧与西侧则设置了带雨棚的清洁维护通道，以减少太阳能量导致的走廊升温，同时亦整合了新的应急疏散楼梯。

▼冬季花园环带示意，Winter garden ring diagram © Civic Architects

▼冬季花园空间分析，Winter garden Analysis © Civic Architects

The original façade design by DSBV appears uniform, but each segment in fact responds differently to its environment and to sunlight. This early climate-adaptive approach inspired the energy-conscious preservation of the façade. The steel window frames with single glazing have been replaced by a ring of heat-buffering conservatories, or winter gardens. Different main segments of the ring are designed differently, responding to the solar orientation and the rhythm of days and seasons. On the south and east sides, passively heated but actively ventilated winter gardens provide additional functional spaces: a seating edge overlooking the campus square and a series of benches connected to the restaurant. Users can enjoy coffee with a view, socialise, or use their laptops before or after lectures. On the north and west sides, window-cleaning walkways are placed with canopies to minimize the corridor from heating up by the energy of the sun. They also incorporate the new emergency stairs.

▼冬季花园内部，Winter garden interior © Stijn Bollaert

▼公共座椅细部，Public seats detail © Stijn Bollaert

悬挂式构件单元

Suspended segments

由于该建筑作为大学内最大的报告厅而具有核心地位，施工期间仍需保持使用。逐步拆除与重建的阶段安排被精确地与教学日历相协调。一种特定的施工组织方式使这一目标得以实现：宽10米、高6米的构件单元在现场逐段组装，并从建筑外侧整体吊装，悬挂于既有的放射状桁架结构之间。每一个施工阶段对应环形走廊中的一个区段，并服务于一间报告厅，从而确保在任一阶段仅有一间报告厅暂停使用，其余空间始终可从走廊另一侧正常进入。

▼阳台类型分析，Balcony types © Civic Architects

Because of its central role as the university’s largest lecture hall, the building remained in use during construction. Phasing of the step-by-step demolition and rebuilding was carefully aligned with the academic calendar. A specific construction logistics method made this possible: 10-metre-wide, 6-metre-high segments were assembled piece by piece on site and suspended in their entirety between the existing radial truss structures, from the outside. Each execution phase corresponded with one corridor segment serving one lecture room, so that only one lecture room was out of service during each stage and the others were always available from one side of the corridor ring.

▼场地位置，Site plan © Civic Architects

▼首层平面，Ground floor plan © Civic Architects

▼二层平面，First floor plan © Civic Architects

▼剖面图，Section © Civic Architects