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燕麦地安置住区丨中国凉山丨研筑舍建筑设计工作室

2026/03/05 16:45:29

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项目位于四川省凉山彝族自治州昭觉县解放沟镇燕麦地社，是脱贫攻坚战中政府为较低收入村民修建的乡村安置社区。本设计以“西南欠发达地区乡土聚落的空间范式构建”为目标，旨在构建可推广的当代乡土聚落空间营建体系，探索民族地区人居环境提升与文化传承的协同发展。©研筑舍

The project is located in Jiefanggou Town, Zhaojue County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. It is a rural resettlement community built by the government for lower - income villagers during the poverty reduction battle. The design aims to “construct the spatial paradigm of rural settlements in underdeveloped areas of southwest China”, with the goal of developing a replicable contemporary rural settlement space construction system and exploring the coordinated development of improving the living environment and cultural inheritance in ethnic areas.

▼燕麦地住区与周边居住组团西南向鸟瞰，Aerial view of the Yanmaidi Residential Area and the surrounding residential clusters to the southwest©研筑舍

01组团结构

01 Group structure

凉山中高海拔地区传统聚落以“内宅外田”的组团为生活生产基础单元，聚落呈现出离散均质、弱中心化但组间关联紧密的组团簇群特征。该形态是社会文化组织的物质空间映射，以“家支”为纽带的宗族制度与相对独立的领地意识是关键因素。近几十年传统封闭的家支结构正逐步向开放、包容的文化共同体转型，与之相应，传统组团空间形态转向以邻里空间为核心的多户邻里单元。在当下聚落空间宜构建为“行政村/自然村—村民小组—组团”三级体系，形成组团式空间形态，相邻组团之间宜留出6-12米的绿廊，其间住户可进行种植，形成乡土农业景观。

▼村民小组总平面，Master Plan of the Villagers’ Group©冯源

The traditional settlements in the middle and high altitudes of Liangshan Mountain take the group of “inner house and outer field” as the basic unit of life and production, and the settlements show the characteristics of discrete and homogeneous, weakly centralized but closely related groups. This form is the material space mapping of social and cultural organizations, and the clan system linked by “family branch” and relatively independent territorial consciousness are the key factors. In recent decades, the traditional closed family branch structure is gradually transforming into an open and inclusive cultural community. Correspondingly, the traditional group spatial form has shifted to a multi-family neighborhood unit with neighborhood space as the core. In the current settlement space, it should be constructed as a three-level system of “administrative village/natural village – villager group – group” to form a group-style spatial form. There should be a 6-12 meter green corridor between adjacent groups, during which residents can plant and form a rural agricultural landscape.

▼凉山中高海拔地区传统聚落，Traditional settlements in the high-altitude regions of Liangshan©陈兵

▼麦地住区东南向鸟瞰，Aerial view of the Oatfield residential area from the southeast direction©言隅建筑空间摄影

▼田野中的乡土住区，Rural settlements in the fields©言隅建筑空间摄影

▼组团近景，Close view of the house cluster©言隅建筑空间摄影

02邻里空间

02 Neighborhood Space

在凉山地区，时常可见在宅旁、院里和树下等空间三五成群席地而坐，这被看作具有地域特质的邻里空间。住宅和邻里空间共同构成居住组团，组团宜由8-10幢住宅构成，空间形态分为中心围合式、半围合式和带型街道式，并构建邻里庭院/街道和巷道的双级邻里空间结构。

▼住宅组团四平面图，Plan of House cluster IV©研筑舍

In the Liangshan area, it is often seen that three or five groups sit on the ground in spaces such as houses, courtyards, and trees, which are regarded as neighborhood spaces with regional characteristics. Residences and neighborhood spaces together form residential groups, which should be composed of 8-10 residences. The spatial form is divided into central enclosure, semi-enclosure, and strip street, and a two-level neighborhood space structure of neighborhood courtyards/streets and lanes is constructed.

▼住宅组团一边界，Boundary of House cluster 1© （上：研筑舍，下：言隅建筑空间摄影）

▼组团之间绿廊，Green corridor between clusters©研筑舍

▼住宅组团邻里庭院，House cluster neighborhood courtyard©研筑舍

▼住宅组团邻里巷道，House cluster neighborhood alley©研筑舍

03交通组织

03 Traffic Organization

交通系统采用“环形车行+人车分流”模式，营建步行友好的居住社区。一条环状车行主道将5个住宅组团和社区中心相连接，每个组团外围临环状车道设置机动车停车区，组团内部为步行空间，既保证每户的停车需求，又提高了步行安全性及舒适度。

▼住区车行交通体系，Vehicle traffic system in residential area©研筑舍

The transportation system adopts the “circular car traffic + people-vehicle diversion” model to create a pedestrian-friendly residential community. A circular car main road connects five residential groups with the community center, and a motor vehicle parking area is set up on the periphery of each group with a circular lane. The interior of the group is a pedestrian space, which not only ensures the parking needs of each household, but also improves the safety and comfort of walking.

▼聚落大地景观，Land landscape of settlement©言隅建筑空间摄影

04地景营造

04 Landscape construction

以“地形微差调控+山丘存续润色”的方式雕刻地形，使聚落成为大地景观。“一户一标高”的台地型住宅使建筑锚固于场地中，并构建积极的宅间公共空间；保留场地中部的小山丘，顺应地势营造社区文化中心和点睛观景楼。

▼场地竖向设计，Vertical design of site©研筑舍

The terrain is carved in the way of “micro-difference regulation of the terrain + continuous polishing of the hills”, making the settlement a landscape of the earth. The “one family, one height” terraced house anchors the building in the site and builds an active public space between the houses; the small hills in the middle of the site are reserved, and the community cultural center and the observation building are created according to the terrain.

▼坐落于山丘上的公共建筑，A public building perched on a hill©言隅建筑空间摄影

05住宅单元

05 Residential Unit

根据政府提供的安置户数与建筑面积标准，设计了4个基本单元户型： 1-3人户 25㎡/ 人、4-7人户 100㎡/ 户。

前后院布局：前院作为客厅的外延区域较开敞，为生活性庭院；后院可放置生产工具，界面较为封闭，为生产性庭院。

空间拓展：充分考虑日后生活空间的拓展和经营民宿的可能性，预留拓展空间。在平屋顶的露台上设置“屋顶装饰构架”，日后可在洞口处安装外窗，露台可扩展成为房间；将客厅和部分主卧设计为接近二层高的空间，并开设外窗，在2.900米标高设置圈梁，预留结构荷载，日后可搭建楼层。以上措施均扩展出使用空间，也减小了日后搭建对建筑外观的影响。

▼4个住宅单元，4 house units©研筑舍

▼4个住宅单元平面，Plan of 4 house units©研筑舍

According to the number of relocated households and building area standards provided by the government, four basic unit types are designed: 1-3 households with 25 square meters per person, and 4-7 households with 100 square meters per person.

Front and back yard layout: The front yard is more open as the extension area of the living room, making it a living courtyard; the backyard can be used to place production tools, and the interface is more closed, making it a productive courtyard.

Space Expansion: Fully consider the possibility of expanding the living space and operating the homestay in the future, and reserve the expansion space. Set up a “roof decoration frame” on the terrace with a flat roof, and install an outer window at the entrance in the future, and the terrace can be expanded into a room; design the living room and part of the master bedroom as a space close to the second floor height, and open an outer window, set a ring beam at the 2.900 - meter elevation, and reserve the structural load. Floors can be built in the future. The above measures all expand the use space and reduce the impact of future construction on the appearance of the building.

▼三人户住宅，A three-person house©言隅建筑空间摄影

▼左：住宅交付时的屋顶构架；右：住宅使用后的屋顶构架利用，Left：Roof framing on delivery of dwelling, Right: Utilization of Roof Truss after Residential Use© 左：研筑舍；右：言隅建筑空间摄影

06重要建筑

06 Important Buildings

凉山地区有着极具特色的传统搧架木结构建筑，是汉彝技艺融合发展形成的特殊穿斗式木结构建筑。社区文化中心设计以此为原型，并在建筑与山地环境的结合，以及建筑与环境对话层面，进行当代演进。

▼文化中心及观景塔剖视图，Cultural Centre and Viewing Tower Section©研筑舍

Liangshan area has a very distinctive traditional fan frame wooden structure building, which is a special bucket-type wooden structure formed by the integration of Han and Yi skills. The community cultural center is designed with this as the prototype, and conducts contemporary evolution at the level of the combination of architecture and mountain environment, as well as the dialogue between architecture and environment.

▼施工中的社区中心木结构，Timber structure of community center under construction©研筑舍

07结语

07 Conclusion

本设计从乡土聚落的传承与重构、步行友好的社区营造、地形微差的大地景观塑造，以及社会公平性的宜居品质赋能四个维度切入，为西南欠发达地区当代乡土聚落构建提炼在地设计体系与方法。

This design cuts into four dimensions: the inheritance and reconstruction of rural settlements, the creation of pedestrian-friendly communities, the shaping of terrestrial landscapes with poor topography, and the livable quality empowered by social fairness, and refines the local design system and method for contemporary rural settlements in underdeveloped areas of Southwest China.

▼社区中心室内，Community Center Indoor©研筑舍