布基纳法索纳凉学校丨albertfaus architecture

布基纳法索教育部在打击辍学的过程中采取的行动之一是将孤立的学校统一为学校综合体，提供从幼儿园到高中的教育。项目包括在Youlou村（库杜古市）既有小学基础上开发Bangre Veenem学校综合体和建设中学及配套建筑（食堂、员工更衣室、水箱和其他服务区域）。非政府组织和市政府随后完成了综合体中幼儿园和行政中心的建设工作。

One of the most recent actions of the Burkina Faso Ministry of Education in the fight against school dropouts has been to unify isolated schools into school complexes where education is provided from nursery to high school. The project includes the development of the new Bangre Veenem School Complex from the existing Primary school in the village of Youlou (Koudougou), as well as the construction of the Secondary school and auxiliary buildings (canteen, staff changing rooms, water tank and other service areas). The NGO and the City Council have subsequently completed the intervention with the construction of the Nursery and the Central Administration of the complex.

▼项目概览，general view © Milena Villalba

由于该项目被设计成分散在大片土地上的多个单层建筑，市长和邻里为此提供了8公顷多的土地来完善基础设施。设计团队的首要决定是压缩方案，从而减少40%（5公顷）的干预面积，将项目对既有社区和农田的影响降至最低。其次，设计团队还决定将地块分为南北两个区域，并在中间设置室外区域，形成可以出入的公共广场。大部分干预集中在基地的中心区域，排列成三条水平带，中间是宽敞的入口，北部是中学、行政中心及其停车位，南部是托儿所、食堂及配套设施和停车区域。

The mayor’s office and the neighbours make more than 8 hectares of land available to the project in order to complete the infrastructure, since schools in Burkina Faso’s villages are usually formalized as multiple ground floor pavilions scattered over large areas of land. The first decision is to compact the proposal to reduce the intervention area by 40% (5ha) in order to affect existing housing communities and their farmland as little as possible. In addition, it has been decided to divide the property into two zones, North and South, with an “outside” area in between, a large public square for access but also for transit. Most of the intervention is concentrated in the central area of the site, arranged in three horizontal strips, where the intermediate one is the great void to access, in the North is located the Secondary School, the Central Administration and its parking spaces, and in the South the buildings for the Nursery, the Canteen and its auxiliary and parking areas.

▼设计过程，design process © Albert Faus

▼规划平面图，master plan © Albert Faus

方案考虑了主要建筑的建造，中学、幼儿园和行政中心的墙体和拱顶由压缩土砖制成，并配有双层上保护层屋顶。配套建筑和构成中央广场的封闭墙均采用厚实的耐候石墙。

The proposal foresees the construction of the main buildings – Secondary School, Nursery and Administration- with walls and vaults made of compressed earth bricks (CEB) and with a double upper protective roof, and the auxiliary buildings, together with the closing walls that make up the central access plaza, in thick weather-resistant stone walls.

▼中学的墙体由压缩土砖制成，the walls of the secondary school are made of CEB © Milena Villalba

▼配套建筑和构成中央广场的封闭墙均采用厚实的耐候石墙，the auxiliary buildings and the closing walls that make up the central access plaza, in thick weather-resistant stone walls © Milena Villalba

▼食堂使用场景，usage scenarios of the canteen © Milena Villalba

中学被设计成独栋建筑，不同体量位于巨大顶棚之下，屋脊镂空使阳光和风到达通往教室的平台。顶棚的中央截面通过变形和中断处理，保护了较低的建筑并形成遮盖南侧主入口的绿色凉棚。教室南北平行排列，班级数量的不同使形体产生了些许不对称。管理办公室的核心体量不采取这种对齐方式，它位于中学前方，面向南入口的不同区域。

▼中学轴测 © Albert Faus axon drawing of the secondary school

The Secondary School is conceived as a single building. The different bodies that compose it are located under a large shelter canopy, which is perforated at its ridge to naturally light and ventilate the interior terrace that provides access to the classrooms. The canopy is also deformed and interrupted in its central section to protect the lower building and to give rise to the large green pergola that covers the main entrance in the south. The sequence of classrooms is arranged in two parallel alignments, N-S oriented, with a simple dimensional asymmetry caused by the number of classes that compose them. The central volume of the management office piece abandons this alignment, it advances, and it points the entrances to the different areas from the south access.

▼不同体量位于巨大顶棚之下，different bodies are located under a large shelter canopy © Milena Villalba

▼顶棚做镂空与变形处理，the canopy is hollowed out and deformed © Milena Villalba

▼教室南北平行排列，the classrooms is arranged in two parallel alignments, N-S oriented © Milena Villalba

▼教室入口，entrances of the classrooms © Milena Villalba

▼教室内部，interior of the classroom © Milena Villalba

▼会议室，the meeting room © Milena Villalba

▼办公室，the office © Milena Villalba

建筑物周围种植了大量树木，以提供充足的树荫，降低温度并减少空气粉尘。中学入口和停车场的凉棚将会被几十棵藤蔓（九重葛）遮住，学生和自行车可以在刺槐豆下遮荫。

Numerous trees will be planted around the buildings to provide ample natural shade and to reduce the temperature and the presence of dust in the air. Similarly, the large pergola at the entrance to the Secondary School or those in the parking areas will be shaded by dozens of vines (Bougainvillea) planted for this purpose. Meanwhile, students and bicycles find shelter under the great Néré.

▼停车场，parking areas © Milena Villalba

▼夕阳下的学校综合体，the school complex in the dusk © Milena Villalba

▼总平面图，site plan © Albert Faus

▼一层平面图，ground floor plan © Albert Faus

▼中学平面图，plan of the secondary school © Albert Faus

▼中学立面图与剖面图，elevation and section of the secondary school © Albert Faus

▼结构细部，details of the  structure © Albert Faus

▼配套建筑图纸，drawings of the auxiliary buildings © Albert Faus

Architect: albertfaus architecture Team: Albert Faus, Anton Pena, Giovanni Quattrocolo, Cecilia Martínez, María Lindón de Miguel, Aziz Ilboudo, Teresa Cruz, Alienor Goffart, Camie Deramaux, David Demange (Le Soleil dans la Main) Structure: otherstructures Project: 2018 Construction: 2019 Client: ONG-D LE SOLEIL DANS LA MAIN (LUX) Owner: KOUDOUGOU CITY COUNCIL Funding: ONG-D ASDM + Ministère des Affaires Etrangères et Européennes (MAEE) du Luxembourg Contractor: CONCEPT SARL (SECONDARY SCHOOL + CANTEEN) + EWK (AUXILIARY BUILDINGS) CEB Producer: ZI MATERIAUX Pictures: Milena Villalba