“老菜场市井街区”一段丨中国西安丨行止计画

“老菜场市井街区一段”项目位于西安明城墙内南顺城巷东端。在一片衰败的城墙东南角，由工业遗留转化而来的菜市场是唯一生机勃勃的角落。项目意图以菜市场为发起点，带动社区更新，振兴区域活力。

The project “Old Market Folk Culture Block _ Phase I” is located around the east end of the South Shuncheng Alley of Xi’an. Among the decaying southeast inner city, the market which used to be a velveteen factory is the only corner bustling with life. The project’s ambition is to renew the area in a gentle way that preserves its local community.

▼改造后，台阶广场联系了公共走道与 1、2 号楼的数个标高 The step plaza that connets multiple levels © LEON

西安城墙东南角区域，清末至民国曾是驻军和府邸用地，至解放初期建设了一批机关单位大院；在改革开放及其后数十年，大院边界的韧性让片区得以避开数轮粗暴的城市开发，保留下一片低层高密的历史肌理；新世纪前后，随着生产功能的转移和基础设施的老化，区域逐步陷入衰败。2000 年，位于此区域的平绒厂停产，闲置的厂房被转化成一个综合农贸市场，成为周边居民的一个热闹的去处，即小有名气的“建国门菜市场”。然而片区的结构性衰落并未得到解决，菜场本身近几年也受到超市、电商的竞争和动摇，城墙东南角和老菜场需要走出下一步。2018 年末，政府，投资方一起推动了以保存区域肌理和市井生活为前提的“老菜场市井街区”微更新计划。我们受委托对计划的启动部分开展设计。

▼从东侧看城墙东南角区域及项目涉及范围 Aerial view from east city wall ©行止计画

▼平绒厂改造成为菜场前后 The original velveteen factory and the transformed market ©行止计画

The Southeast inner city in Xi’an has been a place for important mansions and offices at the beginning of the 20th century. After the New China founded, several Unit Yard Communities—Danwei were constructed here. After China’s opening up in 1976, the tough boundaries of those Unit Yards prevented this area from brutal urban developments afterwards, which preserved the low-rise, high-density texture of this area. Stepped into the 21st century, the area fell down with the transferring of productions and decaying of infrastructures. The velveteen factory in this area discontinued in 2000, the obsoleted space transformed into a market which is a welcoming place for the surrounding residence as “Jianguomen Market”. But the structural problems of this area haven’t been solved, the market with the area together need to step forward. At the end of 2018, the micro-renewal plan “Old Market Folk Culture Block” landed in and we were assigned to design its starting section.

▼改造后的老菜场市井街区一段街景 View of the market before and after renovation© LEON

作为发起点，现有菜场部分被完全保留。一方面城墙内严苛的法规和投资方有限的资金不允许大面积拆建，更重要的是项目希望维持现有菜场的生活气息和微妙平衡，在已存社群的基础上，引入新的功能、空间和人群。项目范围涉及一栋居民自建楼（1 号楼）、西安市平绒厂的原生产楼（2 号楼，建于 1976 年，附属部分建于 2017 年）和平绒厂办公楼（3 号楼，建于 1980 年）。它们的地面层是市场售卖空间的主要载体，即“保留”对象；而闲置的上部楼层和屋面被投资方租下，成为容纳未来新增功能的场所——包括 1 号楼的 3、4 层，2 号楼的 2、3 层及屋面，3 号楼的 5、6 层及屋面。

As the starting point, the original market is totally preserved. On the one hand, the building codes within the city wall area and the limited investment make it impossible to demolish and reconstruct in large scale. More importantly, the project aims to retain the market’s vivid atmosphere and subtle balance, to bring new function, space and people on the basis of the original community.

The project includes one self-built building by local residence (Building 1), the original producing building of the velveteen factory (Building 2, built in 1976, annex part built in 2017), and the original office building (Building 3, built in 1980). The ground floor of these buildings are main spaces for the market, which are the preserved part. So the vacant upper floors and roofs are leased by the investor as the space for new functions in the future——include the 3rd floor, the 4th floor of Building 1, the 2nd floor, 3rd floor and the roof of Building 2, the 5th floor, the 6th floor and the roof of Building 3.

▼对项目涉及的三栋楼体及周边肌理的回溯性研究 Retrospective study ©行止计画

这些上层空间产权清晰、成本低廉，还拥有在拥挤低矮的城墙内难得的开阔视野，几个屋面上近在咫尺的城墙视角更是令人惊喜。然而即使以改造的标准，项目空间也过于“碎片”化：设施废弃、联系薄弱、可达性差。

With clear property rights and lower cost, the upper spaces also own broad views which is rare among the crowded low-rise inner city. The close look to city wall on the rooftops are surprising experience. However, these spaces are too fragmented, lacking strong connection and accessibility.

▼“碎片”化的改造对象 Fragments ©行止计画

为了使破碎的空间重新适用于当下，适度的“修补”是必要的。不同于追溯性的“复原”，“修补”是基于既存物的创造活动：既“修理”旧物的器质缺失，又“补全”其与新场景的功用差距。在“修补”的具体过程中，一边是“因形就势”的整体把控，一边是“见招拆招”的局部智慧。

In order to sewing the “fragments”, “Bricolage” is necessary. Unlike restoration, bricolage means to create based on the original. In the process of “bricolage”, we need the wisdom to work on the detail to improve the entire structure.

▼将“碎片”捏合的“修补” Bricolage that knead the fragments ©行止计画

项目最核心的“修补”有三处：连接市场入口与 1、2 号楼的台阶广场，连接地面层与 2 号楼屋顶的交通筒，以及连接 2 号楼屋顶和 3 号楼的连桥。

“Bricolage” consists of three major parts: the STEP PLAZA that links market entrance to building 1 and 2, the VERTICAL CORE that undertakes vertical traffics, and the BRIDGE that connects building 2 and 3.

▼2 号楼“修补”后剖面，首层菜场空间按现状运营 Section after renovation ©行止计画

三栋现状建筑中间微弱围合的位置，原是 2 号楼的附属楼，满覆单层钢结构建筑。设计初期，我们被委托“装修”钢结构最南侧一跨室内和立面，作为 2 号楼的入口大厅，不过这种程度的动作显然无法契合项目目标。在我们看来，一个清晰明确又有足够尺度的入口空间是迫切需要的。在厂方只肯出让商铺的最南侧一跨的情况下，我们选择拆除这一跨并协商降低第二跨，同时置入走上屋顶的台阶，打开屋顶成为连接多个楼层的入口。沉闷封闭的门厅转化成了开敞的台阶广场；台阶层层上行，不仅引导人流进入上层空间，还成为了菜场公共生活的舞台。

▼2 号楼西侧位置曾依次是厂区门房、临时性餐饮棚和钢结构商铺 The physical condition before renovation ©行止计画

In the weak enclosure of Building 1, 2 & 3 is the annex building of Building 2, which is a one-floor, steel structure. At the first stage of design, we were asked to “decorate” the inner space and outer facade of the steel structure’s south-end span as the entering hall for Building 2. However, the operation in such scale is not valid enough to meet the ambition of the project. From our view, a solid entrance in proper size is necessary. As the factory part can only lease the south-end span of the annex building, we decided to demolish the first span and lower the second, introduce steps to go up to the roof, and open the roof as the entrance which connects multiple floors. The closed entrance hall transformed into an open plaza. Steps going up, not only bring people entering the upper levels, but also become the stage for market’s public life.

▼2 号楼入口 Entrance view ©LEON

具体操作层面，设计拆除现结构南一跨门厅，将空间的一边设为喇叭形梯段，另一边打开作竖向交通核的入口，同时保持北侧数跨售卖空间的中走廊通达；继而，方案降低南二跨屋面高度至 2.8m，使其平接 2 号楼的 1 层夹层空间，这个平台也成为继续向上进入主平台之前的休息点；在 4.6m 标高的主平台上，路径朝数个方向展开：往北是观演和活动区，向东到 5.5m 标高是 2 号楼 2 层的主入口，继续向北到 6.1m 标高则连向 1 号楼三层和四层。为了最小化投资，方案尽量避免或转化了对现有产权单位的侵占影响，同时原位、移位利用了全部主体结构。台阶广场改造给项目新打开五个直接对外的出入口，把原本荒置的钢结构屋面转化为交通中枢和公共场地。空间中的诸多“力场”——包括原钢结构柱网、东侧砖楼各层高、西侧市政电线、一层商户的空间诉求、南侧远对的城墙等——都结实地在设计上留下了印记。

▼台阶广场轴测图纸和新旧关系对比 Axonometric drawing of the step plaza and Structural diagram©行止计画

Specifically, the design dismantled the building’s first south span to open space for stairs going up to the roof plaza, for the entrance going to the vertical core and make a way going to the inside annex building. Then we lower the second span’s roof level to 2.8m, to reach the ground floor’s mezzanine in Building 2. On the main platform that is 4.6m, there arranges the activity zone, the steps to Building 2’s main entrance and the way to Building 1. In order to minimize investment, our design tried to avoid any invasion or affection on current properties, and the original structure is either preserved or reused on site. The STEP PLAZA opens five new entrances on the old structure. It transforms an abandoned roof to a crucial traffic hub and a vivid public space.

▼台阶广场回看信义巷及南侧城墙 Step plaza view towards the city wall ©LEON

相较而言，交通筒部分的设计条件更明确。原有建筑的楼梯和新设电梯被延续至屋顶层，它们的包裹体块被塑造为玻璃体块轻微出挑于老建筑檐口上方。体块以其抽象性比照出下方老厂房立面的材料重量和时间深度，也示意其介入者身份；玻璃带来的明亮和视野试图加强访者从拥挤到开阔的转换体验。

The design of the VERTICAL CORE is more definite. We extend original stairway to the rooftop, along with two new elevators. A glass box that envelops them is added on top. Its minimalist look strongly contrasts to the old brick facade, and its bright interior amplifies the transformation experience from a crowed street to an open roof top.

▼楼梯间：老楼梯与加建楼梯交接处 Transitions from the old to the new ©行止计画

连桥的设计意在解决“孤岛”般的 3 号楼 5、6 层空间可达性问题。其平面和剖面上诸多空间可能性的探讨最终被结构因素简洁地作了了断：由于 3 号楼砖混结构的承载力有限，连桥体量被压缩至最小（1.5m×10.6m），结构采用了轻量化的钢桁架，并在 3 号楼一侧的 6 层地面和屋面双层搭接，以减小集中荷载。这个理性结构被钢网包裹，成为项目的标志性空间。

The BRIDGE links building 3 to the main circulation. We wraps it with mesh to minimize its self-weight, and to reveal its strong structure-oriented form.

▼连桥 The bridge ©杨濛

在严格的成本控制下，调配资源是重要的设计工作——谨慎地决定“做什么”、“不做什么”，接下来才是“如何做”。在主要的三部分“修补”之外，我们将有限的资金用来稳定结构，加固屋顶，更换玻璃，整理疏通水暖电和各种管道。厂房空间大多保持着原有的空旷和冷酷，等待着未知的功能涌入。仅有的几处改造，则选择了原有工业印记强烈的局部加以保持甚至放大：窗户改造选择打掉已破损的旧玻璃后保留铁艺窗框，并在内侧加装同尺寸铝窗形成两个层次；对公共空间的斑驳的墙面则仅上了一层清漆做保护，露出绿色的墙裙和遗留的生产标语；东侧梯井内的老曳引机和坑洼的墙面一起被新打开的天光打亮，尘封在黑暗中的机器成为带着故事的雕塑；顶层高窗的细碎的铁艺窗框被更新为整块的玻璃长窗，原本就光照充沛的标志空间变得更加轻盈，屋顶如同漂浮。

Under the strictly limited cost of this project, allocation of resources is an important work of design ——the decision on “what to do” should be first, and then “how to do”. After the three major “bricolage”, we gave the limited cost to stabilize the structure, to reinforce the roof, to change the glass and reorganize all kinds of pipelines. The factory space was kept to its original emptiness and brutality, waiting for the influx of unknown functions. The few renovations we did only aim to retain and mark out the industrial traces of the past: For the window renovation, we choose to dismantle the damaged glasses, but retain the iron window frames, and add aluminum window from inside; For the walls in public space, we only put varnish on to keep the rough texture as it used to be；The old hoisting motor was lighted up by skylight, like a sculpture marking the old time. The high windows on the top floor were changed to whole sheets of glasses, then the reformed roof seems floating above.

▼2 号楼老拽引机房成为新楼梯间的天窗光源 The sky view with old hoisting motor©行止计画

▼2 号楼顶层高窗的漂浮感被放大 The reformed roof that floats above ©行止计画

菜场项目是在朴实的日常社区空间中嫁接的平行空间；原本不以为意的日常城市场景，在被拉入这平行空间后获得新的意义。人们步入台阶广场，俯瞰喧嚣的信义巷、遥望沉默的老城墙；走上屋顶平台，看垛口门楼随护栏水平延申、不同时空的建筑分割并置；小店的灯光透进楼梯间的放大窗框；菜市场的嘈杂穿入新打开的墙壁洞口……菜场内外，永不落幕的戏剧被放置了舞台，循环往复，活色生香。

The project is like a parallel space insert into the normal community life. The original normal urban scenes become meaningful when they were dragged into the paralleled space; People step into the Step Plaza, overlooking the bustling Xinyi Alley and the ancient city wall in a distance; Go up to the rooftop, seeing the battlements of the city wall extend with the handrail horizontally, and the spaces in different times are divided and paralleled; The lights of the alleys shine through the enlarged windows; The noise of the markets run through the newly cut opening. Inside and outside the market, the never ending theatre are taken onto a stage.

▼屋顶上水平的城墙视角 The horizontal veiw to the city wall on rooftop ©行止计画

▼2 号楼一层夹层面向一层菜市场的新窗口 The newly-cut opening towards the market ©行止计画

“老菜场市井街区一段”并不是一个传统意义上的“完整”项目，而是区域资源的整合、改造边界的明确和关键空间的实施。就结果而言，它更像是片区更新的基础设施，为后续的空间开发作出铺垫。第一阶段建成半年，厂房空间中策划了艺术展览、动漫节、屋顶市集等多次活动；菜市场运营照常，也时常与街区发生互动；同 1、2、3 号楼一起被租下的顺城巷 4、5 号楼、信义巷 6 号楼也逐步动工改造、招商营业；遥远的人群到来、全新的喧嚣翻涌……老菜场开始年轻起来。

“Old Market Folk Culture Block _ Phase I” is not a conventionally “complete” project, but an organization of regional resources, a clarification of renovation boundary, and implementation of crucial spaces. As a result, it is more like a construction of infrastructure for the regional renovation, to pave the way for the latter spaces.

Half a year passed since the completion of Phase I, the factory space have hold several activities: art exhibition, animation festival and rooftop pop-up market; the original food market on the ground floor still runs in order, and interacts with surrounding changes; Building 4&5 in the Shuncheng Alley and Building 6 in Xinyi Alley started to renovate and sell; New groups of people are attracted to here, new noises started to make in this area, the “Old Market” began to become young.

▼第一阶段完成后承办的部分展览和活动 Activities in the renovated factory space©行止计画

小成本、多产权的开发模式使得“更新”成为漫长多变的过程；项目的呈现在过多的即兴改动之下难以完整；一些装饰浓艳失控、一些空间悬而未决……庆幸的是，种种问题之下，设计的核心内容仍然展现出清晰的有效性，给片区带来积极的改变。

The low-cost, multi-property develop mode makes the renovation a long and volatile process; The project is hard to show its integrity under too many improvised changes. Some decorations afterwards were out of control and some spaces are still not fixed to certain functions……Fortunately, even under so many problems, the core of this design still shows its definite validity, and keeps bringing active changes to this area.

▼老菜场市井街区一段项目模型鸟瞰 Physical Model of Phase I ©行止计画

▼项目总图落位 Project Location©行止计画

▼2 号楼一层平面图 Building2 ground floor plan©行止计画

▼2 号楼一层夹层平面图 Building2 the 1.5th floor plan©行止计画

▼2 号楼二层平面图 Building2 the 2nd floor plan©行止计画

▼2 号楼三层平面图 Building2 the 3rd floor plan©行止计画

▼2 号楼屋顶平面图 Building2 the roof plan

©行止计画

▼交通筒加建剖面 Section of the vertical core ©行止计画

项目名称：“老菜场市井街区”一段

项目位置：西安市碑林区信义巷 5 号

整体面积：9656.1 平方米

设计时间：2018.12-2020.05

建设时间：2019.7-2020.05

设计单位：行止计画(BoundsPlan)

设计主持：杨濛，吴涵儒

建筑设计：张诚，陈哲，林瑞祥(实习)，张秋砚(实习)，谢林静(实习)

结构设计：吴占国

机电设计：谢超

业主单位：西安世界之窗在地商业运营管理有限公司

摄影：l’atelier de LEON+杨濛