阿姆斯特丹纳尔逊·曼德拉公园 Mecanoo 设计

2020/02/16 05:03:55

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Mecanoo: 比尔梅地区的发展是由于阿姆斯特丹在上世纪六七十年代后期进行了大规模的扩张，这个街区的规划构想了一个地铁系统，一个没有交叉路口的道路网，统一的十三层住宅区并且配有停车场和广阔的绿地，但这实际上带来了一些不安全的社区问题。现在的社区被要求提供不同的住房存量，并改善对公共区域的管理。这个规划策略的一部分就是将纳尔逊·曼德拉公园改造成一个新的城市公园，拥有700户住宅和6公顷的体育设施。Mecanoo的设计主要有三个因素：景观中的住宅整合、清晰的公园边界以及对公园入口和活动的加强。

Mecanoo: The Bijlmer area grew due to a large expansion of Amsterdam in the late sixties and seventies. The utopian modernism that underpinned the plans for the neighbourhood envisaged a metro system, a road network free of crossings, uniform thirteen-story housing blocks coupled with parking garages and extensive green spaces. In practice, it delivered an unsafe neighbourhood with problems. Now re-branded Amsterdam Zuidoost, the neighbourhood was urged to provide a differentiated housing stock and improve its management of the public realm. Part of this strategy is the transformation of the Nelson Mandela Park into a new urban park with seven hundred homes and six hectares of sporting facilities. Mecanoo’s response to this brief has three main elements: the integration of housing within the landscape, clear boundaries and entrances to the park and an intensification of activities.

公寓住宅的波浪形条带界定了公园的边界，为了减轻低洼地区的潮湿问题，公园被抬高了60厘米。比尔梅林地的边缘是公园和住宅之间的过渡地带：它是一个由树木构成的围栏，树木被剥去树皮，放在钢架上。纳尔逊·曼德拉公园有八个主要入口，其特点是三个垂直的大门，在水平大门的两边总是敞开的。

Undulating strips of individual homes and apartments define the edges of the park. The park was elevated 60 cm to mitigate the dampness of the lower lying areas. The Bijlmer tree edge is the transition between the park and residences: it is a fence made of trees which were stripped of their bark and placed on steel legs. The Nelson Mandela Park has eight classic main entrances that are characterized by three vertical gates which always remain open on either side of a horizontal gateway.

©Mecanoo

“纳尔逊·曼德拉公园”是用铁器写在垂直大门上的，而水平大门上的名称则指的是周围的街区，包括亨廷姆入口、飞博入口、戈瑟入口、克尔伯格入口和沃格尔策威入口。以大门为界，纳尔逊·曼德拉公园与其他城市公园分开了。比尔梅小径蜿蜒穿过纳尔逊·曼德拉公园，将公园文化氛围浓郁的北部与自然野趣的南部连接起来。公园栽植了很多与众不同的树木，如巨大的红杉，以及比较特殊的树木比如开花的木兰，每个季节的公园都具有观赏性。公园连绵起伏的地形，加上各种各样的种植，创造了一个四季都有景可观的美丽场所。

“Nelson Mandela Park” is written in ironwork on the vertical gates, and the horizontal gateways have names that refer to the surrounding neighbourhoods including: Entrance Huntum, Entrance Flierbos, Entrance Gooise side, Entrance Kelbergen and Entrance Vogeltjeswei. Just by the gates alone, the Nelson Mandela Park is set apart from the other city parks. The Bijlmer paths wind fluidly throughout Nelson Mandela Park and connect the ‘cultural’ northern part of the park with the natural untouched part in the south. They pass by and even underneath the Karspeldreef, occasionally intertwining themselves with the sidewalks surrounding the Nelson Mandela Park avenues. Nelson Mandela Park features a range of distinctive trees, tall species like giant sequoia and fields of special trees such as flowering magnolias. In Nelson Mandela Park you can see and smell every season. The rolling parkland of the Nelson Mandela Park together with the variety of plantings creates a spectacular experience throughout all seasons.

设计方还计划在卡尔斯珀塞德礁上方建立一个植物园。公园的南部是一个自然公园，水域面积广阔，大片的土地上有彩色的植物，还有几座桥和河岸，水面上延伸出一层平台。一座七米高的小山上面覆盖着花丛，景色壮丽，可以沿着小路穿过纳尔逊·曼德拉公园。

There are also plans to create an arboretum above the Karspelsedreef. The southern part of the park is a nature park with a lot of water, large fields with colourful plants and several bridges and banks and a deck over the water. There is also an over seven-meter high hill covered with butterfly bushes, and providing a magnificent view. From this hill you can see along with the sun’s path through the Nelson Mandela Park.

©Mecanoo

运动场位于公园中央，人造草地和草坪被周围的树木挡住了一部分。除了体育运动，公园内还有许多其他景点。沿着主路有三个不同的广场，体育和游戏广场、论坛广场和自然广场，它们都有自己的特色和功能。运动和游戏广场是东南地区一个主要的运动和游戏场地；论坛广场为游客提供了观赏大草原美景的场地，可以在节日或足球比赛期间游玩欣赏，游客在看台上可以晒太阳、看书或放松；可以从自然广场的长凳上俯瞰到自然的池塘。

Playing fields for organised sports are located in the middle of the park. These artificial grass and turf fields are partially hidden from the houses by trees which are placed around them. Besides sports, many other attractions are placed within the park. Along the main path are three different esplanades, the Sports and Game esplanade, the Tribune esplanade and the Nature Esplanade which all have their own identity and function. The Sport and Game esplanade is organized as a major sports and game facility in Southeast. A good view of the Great Meadow is provided by the Tribune esplanade and can be enjoyed during the Kwakoe festival or a football match. In the stands, visitors can bask in the sunshine, read a book or relax. The Nature esplanade can be enjoyed from the benches overlooking the natural pond.