南京溧水郭兴村·无想自然学校丨中国南京

易亚源境：乡村振兴背景——中国政府提出“乡村振兴战略”，以及“产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕”的总要求，加快推进农业农村现代化。当前，我国农村普遍存在人口减少的问题，这是世界农村面临的经济、教育等方面的共同问题。目前，唯一的解决办法是如何让城市居民特别是儿童能够被农村地区吸引，愿意来到农村将是最优先考虑的。
由此，我们萌发了创建中国最大的针对儿童的自然学校园区的计划。我们与溧水区政府、溧水商旅集团一起选址，最终确定在无想山脚下的郭兴村创办该无想自然学校园区。

YASDESIGN: BACKGROUND OF THE REVITALIZATION OF RURAL AREA – The Chinese government put forward the strategies of revitalization rural area and aim to fulfill the general requirements of “prosperous industry, livable ecology, local custom civilization, effective governance, economic prosperity” of rural modernization.

A shared issue of China and the rest of the world in the rural area is that all villages are facing problems on population decrease which lead to serious of problems on economics, education, etc. At present,the only solution is that how the urban residents especially children could be attracted by rural area and willing to visit village would be top priority.

As a result, a proposal of creating the largest natural school for children in China has been raised up. The site was selected by local Lishui district government, Lishui Business Travel group and our design team, and finally the Wuxiang Nature School established in Guoxing village at the foot of Wuxiang Mountain.

区位分析 SITE LOCATION

“无想自然学校”这一名称中的“无想”是什么意思？这不得不说一下无想山的历史故事。南京溧水无想山位于江苏省南京市溧水区，总面积 20 平方公里，2015 年 1 月被批准为国家森林公园。无想山历史久远，成名距今已经 1200 年了。五代十国著名政治家、文学家韩熙载（902-970）在此山中置地筑台，隐居读书，他想到佛家的“无我思想”，就给山改名“无想山”。无想山上有一座著名的古寺“无想寺”，为“南朝四百八十寺”之一，有诗云：“山名无想寺因之，寺抱山中境实奇”。北宋著名词人周邦彦任溧水县令时，曾多次游历此山，写下了《满庭芳·夏日溧水无想山作》一词，描绘了山峰的旖旎风光。南京市溧水区无想山国家森林公园山脚下的郭兴村改造为“无想自然学校”园区，以农业景观为主，改造原有村庄为自然学校的校舍，通过乡村大地艺术景观将 500 亩的农田以点、线、面的景观设计手法有机地结合起来，形成集自然教育、亲子活动、餐饮、民宿、骑行、艺术沙龙、书吧于一体的活动场地，是当前中国国内已建成的最大规模的田园综合体项目之一。

Generally, there are plenty of resource of nature and history in the site. Wuxiang Mountain is located in Lishui district, Nanjing city, Jiangsu province with a total area of 20 square km. It was approved as a national forest park by government in January 2015.Apart from its superior resource in nature, Wuxiang Mountain also has a long history, the earliest historical records can be traced to 1200 years ago. Han Xizai (902-970), who is a famous statesman and litterateur during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, he built a platform in the mountain and lived in seclusion, and renamed the mountain “Wuxiang”. The world “Wuxiang” in Chinese means the thought of Buddhism’s ” Anatman”. A famous ancient temple Wuxiang Temple is located on the mountain, which was described in countless ancient poetries for its charming scenery of peaks. Guoxing Village, located at the foot of Wuxiang Mountain National Forest Park, was redeveloped as Wuxiang Nature School. The redevelopment relies on the existing agriculture landscape (33 Ha farmland), which was infused with the landscape design that allows the farmland linked organically and transformed into a massive earth landscape. Meanwhile, the existing village buildings were renovated to be school buildings. With various kinds of natural habitats and renovated facilities, series of programs were offered by Wuxiang nature school, which include natural education, family-oriented activities, food and beverage, home-stay, riding, art salon, book bar and so on.

自然课堂 CHILDREN ATTEND THE“WUXIANG NATURE SCHOOL”COURSE

无想自然学校依托自然资源，打造具有户外儿童农事体验等功能的研学基地。其核心是“以自然为师”，让孩子在大自然的环境中认识自我以及社会，培养孩子的观察力、专注度以及意志和品质等。该自然学校建成后，亲子家庭可以在这里共同体验有趣的农村生活，自然讲师们将带着孩子们从书本走向大自然，从各个方面引导孩子们从自然中获取创造的灵感。

outdoor farming experience activities and other programs has been established in Wuxiang nature school

稻谷种植：夏天来临时，孩子们可以做一个小农夫，赤着脚在泥地里体验种植稻谷的乐趣，体验爸爸妈妈那个童年时代，与大自然亲密接触。

昆虫知识：在老师的指导下，孩子们在无想教室里仔细观察昆虫标本鉴别哪些昆虫是害虫，哪些是益虫。

田园餐会：经过艰苦的劳动和学习，还有精致的田园餐会，孩子们可以在这里吃一顿特殊的饭，或者孩子们可以自己做饭。

手工艺班：除了种植水稻和发现昆虫外，手工艺老师还带孩子们用棕榈叶创造微小的昆虫艺术。

摘水果：夏天也是摘水果的季节，果园里的水果成熟了，孩子们可以体验摘水果的乐趣。

户外活动：还有户外烧烤，家人可以切菜籽 (油菜花) 做油菜籽饼，也可以举行户外烧烤、露营等活动。

Insect knowledge: Under the guidance of the teacher, children carefully observed the insect specimens in the classroom of Wuxiang Nature School to identify which insects are pests or beneficial insects.

Garden dinner: After hard work and study, there are delicate garden dinner, children can have a special meal here, or children can cook by themselves.

Craft classes: In addition to paddy planting and insect spotting, craft teacher take children to create tiny insect art with palm leaves.

Fruit picking: Summer is also a season for picking, and the fruit in the orchard is ripe, so children can experience the fun of picking by themselves.

There are also outdoor barbecue, and family member can cut rapeseed (rape flower) to make rapeseed cake, also they can hold outdoor tent camping activities.

▼设计希望尽可能的保持原有乡村肌理 Design strtegy Preservation of Existing Rural Texture

保留原有水稻田及水面 Preservation of Existing Rice Paddies and Water Bodies

作为基本农田，这些水稻田是不能改变农田的使用性质的，必须保留原有水稻田。该田中有很多现状的小水体，我们也基本全部保护下来，不能把它们填平，它们有着灌溉水源的作用，也让整体水稻田更有肌理和历史感。

The design preserved the paddy field and almost all the small-scaled water bodies. In this case, the water bodies served as an irrigation system, which not only watered the field, but also gave the paddy field more texture and historical value.

保留 180 米紫藤长廊 Preservation of 180m Wisteria Promenade

“紫藤挂云木，花蔓宜阳春。密叶隐歌鸟，香风留美人。”这是诗人李白描绘的紫藤。古往今来，中国无数的文人墨客醉倒在了这一抹抹浅浅的紫色花卉之中。这一紫藤长廊是中国最长的室外紫藤长廊，5 月紫藤花开的时候可以在其下拍照片、摆桌布席地而坐野餐喝酒等搞各种活动，非常唯美也很有教育意义。

Famous Chinese Poet Li Bai has a poetry that praises the timeless beauty of wisteria, it described the scenery of wisteria with unique fragrance and birds singing. The wisteria promenade in Guoxing village is one of the longest outdoor one in China. When wisteria flowers bloom in May, people can take photos, set tables or sit on the floor to have a picnic, a drink, and other activities underneath the hanging wisteria.,which is very beautiful and educational.

对原有建筑进行改造 Renovation of the Existing Buildings

以保护性修缮为根本，对原有乡村聚落环境进行整体性保护。按照修旧如旧的原则，保留原有五栋老房子的建筑外形，局部整修。尊重老建筑中的每一件老物件，它们也是有历史生命的艺术品，如我们把入口大堂老屋的木梁全部保留下来，并保留原有红色砖墙及灰瓦材质，加以大面积玻璃门窗，体现建筑特征。其他建筑以白墙灰瓦为主，局部扩建处加以大面积玻璃顶，整合已有建筑材质及颜色。

Generally,the design team preserve the existing village context as a whole,according to the fundamental principle of protective building renovation.The architectural appearance of five existing old buildings was kept with partial repairs. Every old piece in the existing buildings was seen as art pieces with a historical value that is worthy of respect.

School interior design: Interior design focused on creating a contemporary and comfortable environment so that the interior is well blended into the rural environment.The local villagers were hired by Wuxiang nature school as ”Guide”,in this way,they can obtain economic income and also willing to play and spend time with children.

从风景园林的角度对乡村进行“微更新”——让农田成为景观亮点 Landscape Micro Redevelopment—-Making Farmland as Highlight

当乡村遇上新媒体，200 亩水稻田种粉黛乱子草（2018 年十一期间近十万人观赏），成为轰动中国的大 IP。每年 9-11 月，郭兴村近 200 亩成片的粉黛乱子草花田形成红色的海洋，是中国最大的粉黛乱子草花田之一。这时候，粉黛乱子草成为郭兴村的一个大 IP，该创意农业带来巨大的社会宣传效益和经济效益——其巨大的粉红色鸟瞰效果轰动全国，2018 年十一中国国庆节期间有十万人来购票参观，广大媒体纷纷宣传播报，使之成为轰动全中国的景点。花田中有不少帅哥、美女、老人留下一张张唯美的照片在互联网上疯狂传播，形成了病毒营销的效果，一天就产生了 500 多万的浏览量。

13 ha Pink Muhly Grass Field, Every year from September to November, 13 ha of pink muhly grass in Guoxing village formed a grand “red sea” which is the largest pink muhly grass field in China. At that time, the pink muhly grass become a landmark of Guoxing Village, the bird’s eye view of the huge pink sensation creates a national phenomenon, the creative agriculture brings enormous social propaganda and economic benefits. During the National Day in 2018, one hundred thousand people purchased tickets and visited Guoxing village, most of the Chinese medias reported the event and made it a scenic spot of China. Unsurprisingly,the photos of the pink muhly grass taken by people went viral on the internet,and these photos were viewed more than 5 million daily.

水稻田增加木栈道 Wood decks in paddy field

以水稻田原有的田埂为基础增加木栈道，是提供给儿童进行稻田徒步和自行车骑行的景观设施。这样儿童可以近距离观赏水稻田，而且木栈道两侧安装特色灯具，增加了儿童夜晚观赏水稻田的效果。

Wood decks were placed at the existing ridges of paddy field as a walking and biking trail facility for children, which allow children can get closer to the crops and continue their exploration. Lighting fixtures were installed along two sides of the decks which improved the landscape effect of the paddy field during nights.

荷塘增加木栈道 Wood decks in lotus ponds

原有的荷塘为了更好地近距离观赏荷花，特别增加了深入荷塘中部的木栈道。木栈道两侧设置了防护栏杆，保证了儿童的安全。这样儿童们可以凑近观察荷花、莲花、藕、水里的青蛙、蜻蜓等各种昆虫，这些都是自然教育最好的素材。

Wood decks were extended to the middle of lotus ponds so that people can enjoy the sight of the lotus pond closely. And lotus flower, lotus roots, frogs, dragonflies and special insects can be observed safely by children, which could be considering as the best educational resources in the nature.

增加梯田餐厅 Terraced Farmland Restaurant

保留原有梯田的空间，在梯田最高处设计一个木结构和茅草顶的餐厅，给儿童和家长们聚餐，还可以晚上在这里搭帐篷观赏星空。这都充分利用自然景观，营造亲近自然的生活活动场所。

The design group preserved the existing terraced farmland and placed a wooden structure with thatched roof restaurant at the top of the terraces where families can enjoy meals together, and also they can watch the stars from tents during night. In a word, the designers fully utilized the natural landscape and created a liveable and dynamic place that surrounded by nature.

增加一米菜园及蔬菜集市区域 Vegetable garden and market place

让小朋友在这里认识各种蔬菜，采摘蔬菜，并在蔬菜集市上买卖不同的蔬菜，这就是难得的自然教育。可以种植西红柿、茄子、辣椒、花生、黄瓜、豇豆等等蔬菜，这种真实的田野认知是在城市的课堂书本里绝对学不到的。

Tomatoes, eggplant, peppers, peanuts, cucumbers, cowpeas, and other vegetables can be grown in the vegetable garden where children learn knowledge of vegetable, harvest vegetable. A market place is also set up that allows them to trade different vegetables. This gives them a rare nature lesson, a true knowledge of the field that will never learn from classroom books in the city.

将一块大水面改造成鱼乐天地（钓鱼的场所）Fishing pond

钓鱼对儿童们来说，是非常新鲜和好玩的事。不仅是一项有趣的运动，也可以认识很多不同的鱼类和水生动植物。因此，我们将荷塘北侧的方形大水面改造成钓鱼的场所，供孩子们钓鱼玩耍。

Fishing is new and fun for children from cities. Different fish, aquatic plants and animals can be learned through this interesting sport. Therefore, a large square waterbody at the north of the lotus pond was redeveloped into a fishing pond for children to fish.

项目名称：南京溧水郭兴村·无想自然学校

项目地点：南京市溧水区郭兴庄园

客户：溧水商旅集团

设计时间：2016 年

竣工时间：2018 年

设计公司：易亚源境

摄影：金笑辉、张庆、郭兴庄园、溧水旅游

Project name: Wuxiang Nature School

Project location: Guo Xing Manor, Lishui District, Nanjing

Client: Lishui Business Travel group

Design time: 2016Completion date: 2018

Design company: YoungAsianScape Design Co., Ltd.

Photography: Jin Xiaohui, Zhang Qing, Guo Xing Manor, Lishui Tourism