西班牙 317 社会住房 | 梯田式布局与可持续设计的融合

Spain 317 Social Housing

设计方：SV60

位置：新加坡

分类：居住建筑

内容：实景照片

设计团队：Luis E. Villar, Víctor Silveira, Esteban Valencia, Mª Luz Villar, Daniel Montes, Jose G. Mora, Sara

图片：19张

摄影师：Jesús Granada

这是由SV60设计的317社会住房。该项目的设计是基于一种提升居住质量和可持续的满足各种使用者需求的综合设计策略。设计师认为场所是不同情景的叠加空间，每一个元素和事件都被看作是一个宽广的和复杂的要素，因此需在视觉和本身价值中建立认识的导则。设计师运用空间、广场、街道、视觉节点和庭院等基本元素来定义新的“邻里”。由于场地有约40米的高差，该方案通过一些列的梯田式布局来迎合地形。这个功能混合的社会住房，包括了317间补贴住房、在不同分区的商业和停车场。该项目提供的更是一种生活方式而不仅是一个建筑物。

译者：筑龙网 艾比

From the architect. Given the uniqueness of the initiative designed to provide subsidised housing based on an attitude that is contemporary and sensitive to current social trends, a comprehensive strategy has been adopted based on an interpretation of the PLACE and typological research based on improving living conditions and processes in order to give rise to quality housing that is sustainable and adapted to the various considerations that influence the construction of the architectural concept.

We understand the place as being an accumulator of situations, elements or events that are built as a single concept based on a broad and complex vision that establishes guidelines for recognition that go beyond the strictly visual or physical values. The place we envisage has wind, light, malleable spaces, the future memory of the inhabitants, in addition to certain property development patterns that are already established.

Based on this interpretation, an intervention is proposed that is tailored to the circumstances pertaining to the place and attempts to integrate itself as an abstract element superimposed by means of a geometric pattern that governs the entire operation. This framework allows us to streamline all the factors pertaining to the project in order to propose an overall approach that is unitary both in terms of construction and urban design.

We bring into play a range of parameters aimed at creating an independent fragment of a city that reconstructs perceptive essences associated with an understanding of the place itself. Empty spaces, squares, streets, vantage points and courtyards are configured as basic elements in order to define our new "neighbourhood."Due to the sharp slope of the plot (40 metres of height difference), the proposal is to amend the topography by means of a series of terraces integrated into the geometric framework, with slopes of approximately 5 metres, and on which the various buildings will stand. These buildings will adapt to the different slopes, adopting a winding pattern to seek better orientations and spread out in a south to north direction (which corresponds to the orientation of most of the blocks). In addition, this arrangement will occur in relation to the adjacent streets in order to allow pedestrian access to various points on the plot. The buildings are proposed in a way that gives greater importance to the empty space and to their relationship with the terrain than to their own or independent form.

A mixed (mostly residential) programme is envisaged based on the inclusion of 317 subsidised dwellings (32,742.46 sq. metres) and various commercial premises that are strategically distributed around different parts of the plot (2,472.49 sq. metres in total), together with the necessary provision of parking spaces that are available associated with each building in the basement floors that occur in the staggered layout.

The aim, from the external perception of the project, is for the continuity of space, and the staggered arrangement, with the ground floors that become covered areas that can be walked under, and the possibility of moving around the various plots as a neighbourhood where urban situations such as squares, vantage points, streets, etc. occur, gives the whole project qualities that depend more on the life of its inhabitants than on the architecture.

The idea is a building model that aims to improve the quality of life by using systems that optimise the conditions of use and energy saving, encouraging wherever possible the use of the area's own natural resources. The degree to which the sun falls on the façades depends on the orientation (north-south) and is controlled by means of a "deep façade" system (whose depth varies depending on the orientation, deeper to the south and less so to the north), thereby ensuring that in summer the sunlight does not directly impact the inside of the dwellings, thus maintaining better climate conditions, and in winter (when the sun is lower), shining in directly to heat the rooms. A cross-ventilation system is proposed, since all the dwellings have double orientation. This system is based on an inner courtyard connected to the outside by terraces that change their orientation to improve air circulation and keep the homes continually ventilated.

西班牙317社会住房外部实景图

西班牙317社会住房平面图

西班牙317社会住房剖面图