美国四合院

Courtyard House

位置：美国

分类：居住建筑

内容：实景照片

设计团队：Christopher Purpura, Jack Hogan, Noa Peer

图片来源：Iwan Baan, Michael Weber, NOA

图片：21张

四合院缩减了原来单户式住宅三分之一的规模，合理利用边际场所，既简约经济又照顾到日常的生活隐私。房屋的丛状布局因居住人数的多寡而有所差异，室内室外形成一个统一的有机整体。不同年龄段的家庭朋友之间很方便组织娱乐活动，完全满足了各区域老龄人的生活需求。对比之前的传统建筑，四合院就是介于地面和屋顶平面之间的一个现代化居住区平面。原来屋顶边缘的玻璃结构被取缔，屋顶、露台、周围环境之间不再有阻隔，显得更加宽敞。各个房间以室外环境为依托设计风格互不相同，体现了建筑和自然的简约、和谐、统一。

从地下车库进入我们可以看到四合院的六个区域以盥洗室和存储室为核心呈环状分布，盥洗室和存储室或聚或散，相互独立，满足居住者日常生活起居的各种需求。各个部分合在一起是一栋开放式阁楼，分开来看又是维护个人隐私的独立房间。由于不像传统房间那样有严格的划分界限，每个房间都可以白天作为起居室，晚上作为卧室使用。房间外的阳台同样呈环状，围绕住宅一周。住宅中央是一座院子，形成一个家庭营一样的分隔带：外部是平常的住房区，里边是晚上享受快乐，排遣忧愁的好去处。院子的设计使光线适中，空气清新。清幽的环境和静谧和谐的氛围为整个四合院增色不少。

译者： 柒柒

By utilizing a marginal site and downsizing the conventional house by 1/3, the Courtyard House sponsors more collective and ecological forms of life without sacrificing the necessary privacy of daily living. This new organization, a horizontal constellation of spaces, varies from individual to collective, while extending the exterior environment inside and expanding it socially. There, co-habitational activities may be forged between inter-generational families and friends, while fulfilling the new demands of a dispersed aging population.

In contrast to a conventional residence, the Courtyard House is programmed as an inhabited landscape contained within a modernist slab: a single level compressed between a floor and roof plane. A glass wrapper is setback from the roof’s edge to create a walk-around covered terrace that activates the surrounding landscape by physically and communally connecting inside to out. Inside, the rooms are conceived as a continuous sequence of event spaces. Each room is equipped for the varying performances of daily living, framed by the outside, suggesting an architecture of simplicity and harmony between the built and the vegetal.

Entered through an underground garage court, the house’s six spaces flow in a continuous loop around a series of separate bathroom and storages cores that flock and disperse to allow the rooms to be experienced as a single loft or as a series of individual rooms. Maximizing usable space while minimizing poché, each storage core contains all of the requirements of daily living, WC, shower, closets, etc; allowing each room to be experienced collectively when open or privately when closed. Because no room is compartmentalized and isolated as in a conventional home, every room can be a living space during the day and a sleeping space at night. Continuous perimeter circulation inside parallels the covered roof terrace outside.

Framing the central living spaces is a single courtyard. Planted to continue the surrounding indigenous landscape, the courtyard is conceived as a spatial divider, like a family camp, to consolidate and share the conviviality and burdens of daily living without feeling overcrowded at night. The courtyard is excavated in plan to optimize views and passive solar gain, allowing light and air inside, while sinking the house into the hillside to maximize thermal insulation and intimacy from the urban context.

美国四合院远处外部实景图

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